職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試?yán)砉B精講班課程閱讀理解

職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試?yán)砉B精講班課程

第十五講閱讀理解

>008年職稱英語(yǔ)詞匯大綱新增內(nèi)容（12）：

2008年《職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試大綱》上首字母為s的新增單詞

C級(jí)

snowflaken.雪花snow+flake

socioeconomicadj.社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的

B級(jí)

scribblev.亂涂，亂畫(huà)

stimulantn.興奮劑

stimulatev.刺激，激勵(lì)

stimulate-activate（B級(jí)）—motivate-spur（A級(jí)）-stir激勵(lì)

A級(jí)

stowv.儲(chǔ)藏，堆裝

symmetryn.對(duì)稱性

>閱讀理解例題解析：

SmartWindow

Windowsnoton!yletlightintocutdownanelectricityusefor1ighting,but

thelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenot

somethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.

Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquickly

changefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch3.

“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,“saysClaes

Granqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden3.

"It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththe

surroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantfor

improvingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.

Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyand

temperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,

sunlightstreamsin.Al1ofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andall

ofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingblasts

ofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamountsof

electricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.

Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overthe

years,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing,

andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastep

further.Theyusechromogenictechnologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor.

Electrochromicwindowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheet

ofglasscoatedwiththinlayersofchemicalcompoundsuchastungstenoxideworks

abitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisapplied

anddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltageisdecreased,

thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.

Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.

Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasort

of“memory."Allittakesisasmal1joltofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromone

statetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakeanywherefrom10seconds

toafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmart

windowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed."In

thefuture,“Granqvistsays,“ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent.

詞匯：

flipn.&v.用手指輕彈，輕擊tungstenoxide氧化鋁

airconditioner空調(diào)（器）joltn.&v.震搖，顛簸，晃動(dòng)

refreshingadj.使人清爽的electrochromicadj.電致變色的

glazev.裝玻璃，上釉voltagen.電壓

chromogenicadj.發(fā)色的airconditioning空調(diào)，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)

注釋:

1.cuttingedge：本意為：（刀片的）刃口，刀刃；比喻意為：最先進(jìn)的，科技含量最高

的。

2.anywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch：就在開(kāi)或關(guān)的一霎那。

3.UppsalaUniversityinSweden：瑞典的烏普薩拉大學(xué)。烏普薩拉是瑞典東部一座城市，

位于斯德哥爾摩的西北方向。

練習(xí)：

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotindicatetheimportanceofwindows

asdescribedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A)Windowscanchangefromcleartodarktosaveenergy.

B)Windowshelptosaveenergybyletting1ightin.

C)Windowshelptosaveenergybyprovidingheat.

D)Windowsenablepeopletohavecontactwiththeoutsideworld.

2.Whenarewindowstheweaklinkinabuilding?

A)Inthecoldwinter.

B)Inthehotsummer.

C)Whenairconditionersareturnedon.

D)BothAandB.

3.Whataresmartwindows,accordingtoParagraph4?

A)Windowsthatarecoated.

B)Windowsthatareglazed.

C)Windowsthecolorofwhichcanbechanged.

D)Windowsthathavemanylayers.

4.Tomakeelectrochromicwindowschangecolor,whatisappliedtothewindowglass?

A)Electricity.

B)Tungstenoxide.

C)Abattery.

D)Avoltage.

5.Whatwillbethebenefitiftheresearchonsmartwindowsturnsouttobe

successful,accordingtothelastparagraph?

A)Thebuildingswilllookdifferent.

B)Windowscanbeaslargeasyouwant.

C)Wemaynotneedairconditionersanymore.

D)Theyarelessexpensivethantraditionalwindows.

答案與解析：

1.分析文章標(biāo)題：Smart(聰明的，漂亮的)window(窗戶)

借助文章中的用詞特點(diǎn)或文章開(kāi)頭的語(yǔ)句進(jìn)一步了解這篇文章的主題：

Windowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,but

thelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenot

somethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.

Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquickly

changefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch2.

“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,“saysClaes

Granqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden3.

"It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththe

surroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantfor

improvingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.

Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyand

temperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,

sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andall

ofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingblasts

ofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamountsof

electricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.

Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overthe

years,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing,

andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastep

further.Theyusechromogenictechnologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor.

Electrochromicwindowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheet

ofglasscoatedwiththinlayersofchemicalcompoundsuchastungstenoxideworks

abit1ikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisapplied

anddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltageisdecreased,

thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.

Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.

Oneimportant（重要的）feature（特征）thatmakesasmartwindowsosmartis

thatithasasortof（——種）“memory（記憶,回憶）.“Allittakesisasmalljolt

ofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.

Transitionstakeanywherefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesize

ofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveair

conditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed."Inthefuture,“Granqvistsays,“our

buildingsmaylookdifferent.

分析：文章講介紹一種智能窗戶。

2.直接解題：

1.WhichofIh6「oI]owing（卜'歹ij的，J1次的）statements（陳述）doesnotindicate

（顯示，指出）theimportance（重要性）ofwindowsas（如同）described（被描述）

inthefirst（第一的，最初的）twoparagraphs（段落）？

A）Windowscanchange（變化）fromclear（清晰的）todark（暗的，黑色的）tosave

（節(jié)約）energy（能量,活力）.

B）Windowshelptosaveenergybylettinglight（光，燈）ni（讓...進(jìn)入）.

C）Windowshelptosaveenergybyproviding（提供）heat（熱，加熱）.

D）Windowsenable（使能夠）peopletohavecontactwith（與...有接觸/聯(lián)系）the

outside（外面的，外面）world（世界）.

1.A.三個(gè)被選項(xiàng)均提到了節(jié)約能量，因此首先關(guān)注前兩個(gè)段落中涉及到節(jié)約能量的句子，

利用被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（A：fromcleartodark,B:light;C:heat;D:theoutside

world）共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

Windowsnolonly（不但...而目....）leilight（光）inloculdown（砍倒，減

少）anelectricity（電）use（使用）forlighting（照明），butthelightcorning

through（通過(guò)）thewindowalsoprovides（提供）heat（熱）,However,windowsare

notsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.

Researchers（彳講究者）arenowwonb力gm（繼續(xù)研究，設(shè)法說(shuō)月艮）newtechnologies

（技術(shù)）ihaionablo（使能夠）awindowI。quickly（彳艮快地）changefromclearto

darkandAoZweuz?（在止匕之間，在...之間）wilh（用）aflip（輕敲）of

aswitch（開(kāi)關(guān)）.

（第2段）“Ittook（花費(fèi)）usalongtimetofigureout（弄清楚，計(jì)算出）

whatawindowreallyis,“saysClaesGranqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-state

physicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden'."It'scontact（接觸）withtheoutside

world.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell.”

So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhen

they'restuckindoors.

第一段中的答案相關(guān)句說(shuō)：窗戶因?yàn)樽岅?yáng)光進(jìn)入房間，并且為房間提供熱源，所以節(jié)約了能

源。第二段中的答案相關(guān)句說(shuō)：窗戶使人們能接觸外部世界。所以B、C和D都說(shuō)明了

窗戶的重要性。所以A是錯(cuò)誤的說(shuō)法。

2.Whenarewindowstheweak（弱的，無(wú)力的）link（聯(lián)系，連接，連接物）inabuilding

（建筑物）？

A）Inthecold（寒冷的）winter（冬季）.

B）Inthehot（熱的）summer（夏季）.

C）Whenairconditioners（空調(diào)）/rolui、nodon（打開(kāi)）.

D）BothAandB.

2.D.細(xì)節(jié)題。利用被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞（A：coldwinter;B:hotsummer;C:air

conditioners）作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：順著上一題的答案位置往下查找

答案相關(guān)句：

（第——題答案相關(guān)句）Windowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricity

useforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,

windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1

technology.（第一題答案相關(guān)句）Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthat

enableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwith

a「lipof'上switch".

“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,“saysClaes

Granqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden3.

（第一題答案相關(guān)句）"II'$c/onlac-lwithihooi心idoworld.Youhavetohavevisual

contactwiththesurroundingworldtofee1wel1.“So,windowsandnaturallight

areimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.

（第3段）Yet,windowsar。theweaklink（問(wèn)遜句中的核心詞）inabuildingwhon

itcomesto（當(dāng)提至.）energy（能量）andtemperature（溫度）control（控制，管

理）.Inthewinter,coldair（空氣）leaks（滲透，漏）in.Whenit'shotandsunny

（陽(yáng)光充足的），sunlight（陽(yáng)光）stroams（流淌，溪，河流）in.Allofthissunlight

carrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturn

ontheirairconditioners.Producingblastsofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,

actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.

短文第三段的第一句說(shuō)：windowsaretheweaklinkinabuilding,接下來(lái)是對(duì)這句話

分寒冬和炎夏做了說(shuō)明。所以D是正確選擇。

3.Whataresmartwindows,accordingto（根據(jù)）Paragraph4?

A）Windowsthatarccoated（被涂層的）.

B）Windowsthatareglazed（被裝了窗戶的，被上了釉的）.

C）Windowsthecolorofwhichcanbechanged.

D）Windowsthathavemanylayers（有許多層的）.

3.C.細(xì)節(jié)題。利用被選項(xiàng)中的核心詞及細(xì)節(jié)信息詞（A:coat;B:glaze;C:change;D:

manylayers）共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句:

Windowsnotonlylet1ightintocutdownanelectricityusefor1ighting,but

thelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenot

somethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.

Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquickly

changefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch2.

“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,“saysClaes

Granqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden3.

“It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththe

surroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantfor

improvingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.

（第2題答案相關(guān)句）Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomes

toenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shot

andsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.

Andal1ofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producing

blastsofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamounts

ofelectricityinbuiIdingsaroundthewor1d.

（第4段）Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Over

theyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating（對(duì)

應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A中的coat）,glazing（對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B中的glaze）,andlayering（對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D中

的layer）windowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smarlwindowsgoastepfurther.

Theyuse（使用）chromogenic（發(fā)色的）technologies（技術(shù)）whichinvolve（包括）

changesofcolor.

第四段告訴我們，多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家已研究出多種通過(guò)窗戶節(jié)能的辦法，而smartwindows

使用的技術(shù)使窗戶能變換顏色。所以C是正確選擇。

4.Tomakeelectrochromic（電致變色的）windowschangecolor,whatisappliedto

（被用于）thewindowglass（玻璃，玻璃杯，眼鏡）？

A）Electricity（電,電流）.

B）Tungstenoxide（氧化鴇）.

C）Abattery（電池）.

D）Avoltage（電壓）.

4.B.細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（electrochromicwindows,windowglass）

及被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（黑體結(jié)構(gòu)）共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

Windowsnotonlylet1ightintocutdownanelectricityusefor1ighting,but

thelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenot

somethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.

Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquickly

changefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch2.

“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,“saysClaes

Granqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden3.

“It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththe

surroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantfor

improvingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.

Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyand

temperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,

sunlightstreamsin.Al1ofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andall

ofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingblasts

ofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamountsof

electricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.

Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overthe

years,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing,

andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.（答案相關(guān)句）Sniarlwindows

goastepfurther.Theyusechromogenictechnologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor.

（第5段）Electrochromicwindows（電致變色的）useelectricitytochangecolor.

Forexample（例如）,asheetof（——片）glasscoatedwiththin（薄薄的）layersof

chomical（化學(xué)的）compound（混合物）such8s（例如）tungstenoxide（氧化鴇）works

（「作）abit（二點(diǎn):/少許）liko（象）abattery（電池）.Tungstenoxideisclear

whenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,

whentheamountofvoltageisdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletely

darkafteral1electricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhether

thewindowlooksclearordark.

第五段第二句提供了答案。asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersofchemicalcompound

suchastungstenoxide中的coated是“涂上一層薄薄的...”的意思。

5.Whatwillbethebenefit（利益，好處）iftheresearchon（關(guān)于）smartwindows

lurnsoutlobe（結(jié)果證明）successful（成功的），accordingto（根據(jù)）thelast

（最后的，最近的）paragraph（段落）？

A）Thebuildings（建筑物）willlookdifferent（不同的）.

B）Windowscanbeaslargeas（與...一樣大）youwant.

C）Wemaynotneedairconditioners（空調(diào)）anymore（不再...）.

D）Theyarelessexpensive（昂貴的）thantraditional（傳統(tǒng)的）windows.

5.C.被選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了大量的修飾詞,利用這些詞（A：different;B:large;D:expensive,

traditional）及選項(xiàng)C中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞（airconditioner）共同作為答案線索，在文章中

查找答案相關(guān)句：

（最后一段）Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatit

hasasortofumemory."Allittakesisasmalljoltofvoltagetoturnthewindow

fromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakeanywherefrom

10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopment

（發(fā)展）ofsmartwindowscouldmean（意味著）thatmassive（巨大的）airconditioning

systemsmaynolongoN不再）need.aInthefuture,“Granqvistsays,“ourbuildings

maylookdifferent.

段落最后一段的倒數(shù)第2句是直接答案相關(guān)句，根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容判斷C是答案。

在線作業(yè):

在線作業(yè):

第1篇

ElectricBackpack（2008年教材C級(jí)新增文章）

Backpacksareconvenient.Theycanholdyourbooks,yourlunch,andachange

ofclothes,leavingyourhandsfreetodootherthings.Someday,ifyoudon'tmind

carryingaheavyload,yourbackpacksmightalsopoweryourMP31player,keepyour

cellphonerunning,andmaybeevenlightyourwayhome.

LawrenceC.RomeandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniain

Philadelphia2andtheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryinWoodsHole3,Mass.\have

inventedabackpackthatmakeselectricityfromenergyproducedwhileitswearer

walks.Inmilitaryactions,search-and-rescueoperations,andscientificfield

studies,peoplerelyincreasinglyoncellphones,globalpositioningsystem(GPS)：，

receivers,night-visiongoggles,andotherbattery-powereddevicestogetaround

anddotheirwork..Thebackpack?selectricity-generatingfeaturecould

dramaticallyreducetheamountofawearer?sloadnowdevotedtosparebatteries,

reportRomeandhiscolleaguesintheSept.9Science.

Thebackpack'selectricity-creatingpowersdependonspringsusedtohanga

clothpackfromitsmetalframe.TheframesitsagainstthewearerJsback,andthe

wholepackmovesupanddownasthepersonwalks.Agearmechanismconvertsvertical

movementsofthepacktorotarymotionsofanelectricalgenerator,producingup

to7.4watts.

Unexpectedly,testsshowedthatwearersofthenewbackpackaltertheirgaits

inresponsetothepack,soscillations,sothattheycarryloadsmore

comfortablyandwithlesseffortthantheydoordinarybackpacks.Becauseof

thatsurprisingadvantage,Romeplanstocommercializebothelectricand

non-electricversionsofthebackpack.

Thebackpackcouldbeespeciallyusefulforsoldiers,scientists,mountaineers,

andemergencyworkerswhotypicallycarryheavybackpacks.Fortherestofus,

power-generatingbackpackscouldmakeitpossibletowalk,playvideogames,watch

TV,andlistentomusic,al1atthesametime.Electricity-generatingpacksaren't

onthemarketyet,butifyoudogetoneeventually,justmakesuretolookboth

waysbeforecrossingthestreet!

詞匯：

backpackn.背包wattn.瓦(特)

receivern.接收機(jī)gaitn.步態(tài)，步法

night-visiongoggle夜視鏡oscillationn.擺動(dòng)

springn.彈簧commercializev.商業(yè)化

verticaladj.垂直的mountaineern.登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員

rotaryadj.旋轉(zhuǎn)的

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1.MP3：Internet上最流行的音樂(lè)格式，最早起源于1987年德國(guó)一家公司的EU147數(shù)字

傳輸計(jì)劃,它利用MPEGAud它利yer3的技術(shù),將聲音文件用1：12左右的壓縮率壓縮,

變成容量較小的音樂(lè)文件，使傳輸和儲(chǔ)存更為便捷，更利于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶在網(wǎng)上試聽(tīng)或下

載到個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)。

2.Philadelphia：費(fèi)城［美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞州東南部港市］

3.WoodsHole：美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一個(gè)漁村，也是許多重要研究機(jī)構(gòu)所在地，如：the

MarineBiologicalLaboratory,theSoaEducalionAssocialion以及theWoodsHole

OceanographicInstitution,

4.Mass.：Massachusetts的縮寫(xiě)：馬薩諸塞州，美國(guó)東北部的一個(gè)州。

5.globalpositioningsystem(GPS)：全球定位系統(tǒng)

6.Science：美國(guó)的Science雜志為國(guó)際上著名的自然科學(xué)綜合類(lèi)學(xué)術(shù)期刊，在世界學(xué)術(shù)

界享有盛譽(yù)。Sc/即ce雜志創(chuàng)刊于1880年，該雜志具有新聞雜志和學(xué)術(shù)期刊的雙重特

點(diǎn)，每周除向世界各地發(fā)布有關(guān)科學(xué)技術(shù)和科技政策的重要新聞外，還發(fā)表全球科技研

究最顯著突破的研究論文和報(bào)告。

練習(xí)：

1.Backpacksareconvenientbecause

A)theycanbeverylarge

B)theycanholdasmanythingsasyouwanttocarry.

C)yourhandsarefreedtodootherthings.

D)youdonothavetocarrythingswithyou.

2.WhatisthemostimportantfeatureofthebackpackinventedbyLawrenceC.Rome

andhiscolleagues?

A)Itproduceselectricityforelectronicdeviceswhilethewearerwalks.

B)Itcanbeusedascel1phones,GPSinthemi1itaryactionsorfieldstudies.

C)Itissmallandconvenient.

D)Itislightandeasytocarry.

3.Theword“springs“inParagraph3means

A)asmallstreamofwaterflowingnaturallyfromtheearth.

B)theseasonoftheyear,occurringbetweenwinterandsummer.

C)theactoraninstanceofjumpingorleaping.

D)alengthofmetalwoundaround,whichreturnstoitsoriginalshapeafter

beingpushed.

4.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatdoesRomeplantodo?

A)Tomakethebackpackmorecomfortableforthewearer.

B)Toputthebackpackonthemarket.

C)Totesttheadvantageofthebackpack.

D)Topromotethebackpackinanewspaperorontelevision.

5.Whatisimpliedin“ifyoudogetoneeventually,justmakesuretolookboth

waysbeforecrossingthestreet!

A)Youwillbetooexcitedtowatchthetraffic.

B)Enjoyingelectronicdeviceswhi1ewalkingmayinvitetrafficaccidents.

C)Itisnotpossibleforyoutogetsuchabackpack.

D)Itiswiseofyoutohavesuchabackpack.

笛9笛

AirPollutionCloudMeasuredonBothSidesofPacific

Scientistswatchedcloselylastspringasahazeofpollution,whichhadbeen

trackedbysatelliteasitcrossedthePacificOcean,settledoveralargeswath

ofNorthAmericafromCalgary,Canada,intoArizona.Nowitappearsthat,forthe

firsttime,researchersonbothsidesofthePacifictookdetailedmeasurements

ofthesameplume,acloudthatcontainedGobidesertdustaswellashydrocarbons

fromindustrialpollution.

HeatherPrice,aUniversityofWashingtondoctoralstudentinchemistry,found

thattheamountof1ightreflectedbytheparticlesintheairwasmorethan550

percentgreaterthannormalforthattimeofyear.ThemassofAsianaircontained

elevatedlevelsofallpollutantsmeasured.Pricesaid,“buttheonlythingthat

cameclosetobeingalarmingwasthelevelofparticulateMatter.”

Thehazethatsettledacrossthewesternpartofthecountrywaswidelyreported

bythenewsmedia,anditwasmeasuredasfarinlandastheskislopesofAspen,

Colo.

ReadingsonthewesternsideofthePacificcamefromtheAerosol

CharacterizationExperiments,aprojectaimedatunderstandinghowparticlesinthe

atmosphereaffectEarth?sclimate.Additionalmeasurementsweretakeninthesame

regionatthesametimeunderaprojectsponsoredbytheNationalAeronauticsand

SpaceAdministration.

KnowingthepollutionwasapproachingWashingtonstate,Priceloadedsensing

equipmentaboardarentedBeechcraftonApril14andflewtoNeahBayonthestate*s

Northwestcoast.Takingsamplesatvariouslevelsfrom15,000feetto20,000feet

inaltitude,shemonitoredquantitiesofdust,ozone,carbonmonoxideand

hydrocarbons."Frommycopilot*sseat,thedustwasthickenoughtoseewiththe

nakedeye."Pricesaid.

Nowshe'stryingtocorrelateherfindingswiththoseofthetworesearchteams

operatingontheothersideofthePacific,whereatonepointthepollutionplume

waslargerthanJapan.Thehugesizeofthecloudshowedupclearlyinsatellite

imagesthatgavePriceplentyofwarningthehazewasonitsway."Youcanseethese

twoblobscomingoutofthedesertsofMongoliaandgrowingoverAsia,thengetting

sweptoutovertheoceanandfinallysettingoverNorthAmerica,“

shesaid.SheintendstocontinuemeasuringairsamplesofftheWashingtoncoast

andwillbelookingforairmasseswithevidenceofpollutionoriginatingsomewhere

otherthanAsia."We'dliketoseeifwecangetasignatureofpollutioncoming

fromEuropebecausecomputermodelssuggestthatEuropeansourcesalsocanbe

transportedacrossthePacific,“shesaid.However,we

expectthatsourcesinEuropewillcontributelessthanAsiansources.”

1.Thehazeofpollutionmentionedinthefirstparagraphisacloud

A)ofmoistureoverCalgary,Canada.

B)developingoverPacificOcean.

C)ofindustrialpollutants.

D)ofdesertdustandhydrocarbons.

2.OneofthePrices'Sfindings(Paragraph2)abouttheparticlesoftheairisthat

A)theycontainmorepollutantsthannormalparticles.

B)theymovemuchfasterinhighaltitudesthaninlowaltitudes.

C)theyarefinerandlighterthannormalparticles.

D)theirabilitytoreflectlightismuchthanstronger.

3.WhatdidPricenotdoduringherresearch?

A)SherentedaBeechcraft.

B)SheusedhersensingequipmentaboardtheBeechcrah.