英語導學案必修四第二單元

清水六中英語教學案系列No.6MiddleSchoolofQingshui贏在課堂課前預熱課前預熱Ⅰ.短語翻譯informsb.ofsth2__________________wouldratherdosth.＝prefertodosth.wouldrather(not)dosth____________________-3wouldratherdo...thando...＝woulddo...ratherthando...＝ratherthando...would...＝prefertodo...ratherthando...prefersth__________________4leada．..life_______________________.buildup———————————————be/feelsatisfiedwith＝becontentwith——————————————贏在課堂贏在課堂功能句型

建議（Suggestion&advice）

Iwouldrather…

Idon’tlike…because…

I’dprefer…because…

It’sagreatpitythat…

Shouldwe/I…?

It’sbetterto…

IfIhaveachoiceI’dchoose…because…

Youneedto…

MayIsuggest…?

Letmesuggest…because…

Perhapsweshouldsuggest…because…

Butwhat/howabout…?

Discoveringusefulstructures:Grammarlearning一、概述和不定式一樣,動名詞也是非謂語動詞的一種,它通常由動詞原形加-ing構成。動名詞有主動和被動兩種語態(tài),有一般式,完成式和進行式三種形式。如下表所示:態(tài)時態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)語主動被動一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone完成進行式havingbeendoing無動名詞仍保留有動詞的特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語、賓語和狀語等構成動名詞短語。動名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。二、動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式1.動名詞的時態(tài)形式①一般式動名詞的一般式表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,或者表示一種無時間性限制的經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.他喜歡用英語寫信。Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。②完成式動名詞的完成式表示動作或狀態(tài)先于謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài),如:Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.他們?yōu)闆]能幫上你的忙而遺憾。③完成進行式動名詞的完成進行時表示動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前,并一直持續(xù)到謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生之時,或繼續(xù)。如:Forgivemeformyhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.原諒我打擾你這么久。2.動名詞的被動式當動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞動作的承受者時,用被動式。如:Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.他從窗口爬進去,沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).她要在無人干擾的情況下才能工作。動名詞的被動語態(tài)分成一般式和完成式兩種。如:Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.鐵路在興建中。三、動名詞的否定式動名詞的否定式通常是在動名詞前加否定詞not。例如:Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.我沒能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.我很抱歉不能幫助你。UsageExamples在句首或在句末（it作形式主語）常用動名詞形式作主語的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoingsth;做…..是浪費時間的itis/wasnogood/usedoingsth;做……是沒有用處的itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoingsth;做…..是不吃的itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoingsth;做…..是值得的Thereis/wasnopointdoingsth做……是無意義的在therebe結構中作主語,這種結構的意思相當于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.若要人不知,除非己莫為。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。這種事開不得玩笑。Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.無法知道他什么時候離開。注意:動名詞與不定式作主語時的比較:動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作,不定式則通常表示具體的動作。例如:Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.還是個孩子的時候,她就覺得探視病人是一種責任,也是一種愉悅。BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經(jīng)歷。Doingnothingisdoingill.什么也不做就是作惡。Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……無意義(1)動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.學習新單詞對我來說非常重要。Talkingiseasierthandoing。說比做容易。(2)用形式主語it,把真正的主語——動名詞結構移置句尾。It’sworthmakingtheeffort.這事值得去做。Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?想再解釋一次有好處嗎?Itispleasantworkingwithyou.跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。作賓語在下列動詞、短語后用動名詞作賓語suggestfinishstopcan’thelpmindadmitenjoyputoffdelaypractiseconsidermissescapekeep;insistonbeinterestedinbeafraidofbefondofbegoodatdreamoffeellikeprevent/keep/stopspend…in…get/beusedto+n/pronbeproudofbetiredoflookforwardtothank…forexcuse…forsucceedindependonbesuitableforgiveupputoffbebusy(in)doingsthpayattentiontoobjecttodevote…to…contribute…toowingtoleadto（1）下列動詞后接動名詞和不定式均可作賓語：attemptbegin/startcontinueintend（2）下列動詞后接動名詞和不定式作賓語意義不同：remember/regret/forgettodo,remember/regret/forgetdoingsth;stoptodosth,stopdoingsth;meantodosth,meandoingsth;allow/permit/advise/forbid/doingsth,allow/permit/advise/forbid/recommendsbtodosth;need/want/requiredoingsth需要被……need/want/requiretodosth需要….Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.我們得想些辦法改變人們的習慣。語法專練語法專練1.Ladexdoes’tfeellike

______abroad.Herparentsareold.（2011·四川卷）A.study

B.studying

C.studied

D.tostudy2.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.（2011·江蘇卷）A．compared

B．comparing

C．compares

D．beingcompared3.IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken4.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.(2009上海35)A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold5.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular，and betteronesofyourown.(2008北京)A.introduces B.tointroduceC.introducing D.introduced6.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom，buthedidn’tmention whenwetalkedonthephone.(2008江西)A.topromote B.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromoted D.tobepromoted7.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried alone，butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(2008湖南)A.living B.toliveC.tobeliving D.havinglived8.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted hisadvice!A.totake B.takingC.nottotake D.nottaking9.Ican’tstand withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop10.Afterhebecameconscious，herememberedandontheheadwitharod.(2006江西29)A.toattack;hitB.tobeattacked;tobehitC.attacking;behitD.havingbeenattacked;hitPeriod4UsingLanguage課前預熱課前預熱贏在課堂贏在課堂1ReadingTask1.FastreadingReadthepassagecarefullyfordetailedinformationandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)whyarechemicalfertilizerssopopularinfarmingtoday?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________--2)Whatproblemscanbecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3)Whatisorganicfarming?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4)Whatisthemainreasonforusingorganicfarmingmethods?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task2.Readandwritedownthemethodsandadvantagesinthepassage.MethodsforganicfarmingAdvantagesofmethods1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimal.2.3.writingWritingaposterWritingaposterwhichincludesalltheinformationabouttheusesoffertilizerssothatyouwillencouragemorefarmerstobuyanduse.Youareaskedtobaseyourposteronthe