考研英語閱讀unit-16

Unit16

Theshortestanswerisdoing.

最簡單的回答就是干。

學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容題材詞數(shù)建議時(shí)間得分統(tǒng)計(jì)做題備忘

PartAText1社會(huì)生活437/10

Text2科普知識417/10

Text3商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)442/10

Text4文化教育420/10

PartB科普知識653/10

PartC生態(tài)環(huán)境460/10

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A]f[B]JC]

or[D],

Text1

TruthinadvertisingisaconceptcentraltotheAmericanfreemarketeconomicsystem.

Accordingtothistheory,companiesthatadvertisetheirproductstomassaudiencesmuststrictly

deliverontheirpromises,andthequalityoftheirgoodsmustliveuptothehypeputoutbythe

sellers.Jnordertoexaminejusthowimportanttruthfuladvertisingis,letusconsiderforamoment

aworldinwhichtherewasnosuchconstraintimposeduponsellers.Itwouldbeaworldwhere

advertiserswerefreetoexaggerateorevenlieastheypleased,doinganythingtomaketheir

productslookgreat,evenwhenit'sofinferiorquality.

Firstly,theunreliabilityofthegoodsinquestionwouldnodoubtshatterconsumerconfidence.

Warybuyerswouldshopmuchless,thusdecreasingthevolumeoftradeandleadingtoa

weakenedoveralleconomy.Further,themarketwouldfinditselfstagnating,thelackofgrowth

attributabletothefactthateveryoneisreluctanttobuyproductsofwhichtheyareuncertain.

Withoutgrowth,noprogressisachieved.

Innovationonallfrontswouldsufferaswell.Withconsumersconstantlyonguardagainst

gettingrippedoff,brandloyalty,wouldbemoreimportantthanever;Buyerswouldsimplystick

withproductsthattheyknowtobeofgoodqualityandbeveryhesitanttospendtheirmoneyon

“riskier,“unfamiliarones.Thiswouldmakeentryintothemarketbynewsellersorproducers

almostimpossible,eveniftheirproductswereofbetterqualitythanexistingones,simplybecause

noonewouldbewillingtogivethematry二Withnewplayerseffectivelybarredfromthegame,

we'releftwiththesamegoodsinthemarket,dayafterday,yearafteryear.

Intherealworld,however,truthinadvertisingallowsAmericanconsumerstotrusttheboasts

ofproducers.Thus,brandloyaltyislessofanimpenetrablebarriertoentry.Inordertoenterinto

themarket,newsellersorproducerswouldsimplyhavetocreateabetterproductandthen

announcethefact.Thosewhoviolatetheprincipleoftruthinadvertisingbymakingfalseclaims

ofqualityarepunishedontwofronts.Thefirstisbythelawandthesecond,perhapsmore

effectively,isbythebuyersthemselves,whowillrefusetodobusinesswiththedishonestsellerin

thefuture.Imposedbybothlawandmarketforces,theprincipleoftruthinadvertisingisauseful

toolthatallowsforamoreefficient,pliablemarketpoisedforgrowthandconstantly

reinvigoratingitselfwithnewproducersandgoods.Theseproducersareconstantlycompeting

againstoneanotherfortherighttosingthepraisesoftheirproducts—truthfully,ofcourse.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,theauthor

[A]believestruthfuladvertisingisworthyofseriousstudy.

[B]whollysupportstheconceptoftruthfuladvertising.

[C]intendstoeducatethereaderontheeffectsoftruthfuladvertising.

[D]considerstruthfuladvertisingthemostimportantineconomicsystem.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2that

[A]economicgrowthguaranteesacountry'soveralldevelopment.

[B]whengrowthisnotoccurring,shopperswillbuylessgoods.

[C]customersarereluctanttobuygoodswhichareunreliable.

[D]ifaneconomyisexperiencinggrowthitwillbeastrongone.

3.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph4tellsusthat

[A]truthfuladvertisinghelpsavoidthenegativeresultspreviouslymentioned.

fB]onceexaggerationandliesareavoided,truthfuladvertisingfeasiblyoccurs.

[C]becauseoflaws,thequalityofaproductcanliveuptoitsproducer'sboasts.

[D]intherealeconomy,consumerstrusttheboastsofproducers.

4.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewiththeprinciplethat

[A]theboastsofconsumersmustbeexactlyaccurate,nomatterwhat.

[BJtoprotectconsumers,producersmustnotbepermittedtofalselyadvertise.

[C]toavoidstagnationintheeconomy,truthfuladvertisingmustbeenforced.

[D]truthfuladvertisingisthebestwaytoavoiddeclineoftheAmericaneconomy.

5.Themainpointofthetextisthat

[A]alackoftruthfuladvertisinglawsmustbeavoidedatallcosts.

[Blthetruthfuladvertisinglawsensuretheprosperitytheeconomy.

[CJtheAmericaneconomicsystemfunctionswellbecauseoftruthinadvertising.

fDltheresultofalackoftruthfuladvertisinglawsintheU.S.isexaminable.

Text2

Mr.MitsuyasuOta,theMayorofHirate,inwesternJapan,madethisweek'snewscolumns

afterimposingaone-day-a-weekbanontheuseofcomputerequipmentinthetown'smunicipal

offices.Thestepwastakenonthegroundsthatyoungstaff“mistakenlythinktheyareworking”

whensittingraptlyattheircomputerscreens.Atthesametime,Mr.Otalamentedthat“young

peoplearenotinthehabitofwritingbyhandanymore”.

Oneofthefavoriteargumentsbroughtoutbytheoppositionintechnologywarsisthenotion

thatatechnicalshortcutissimultaneouslyakindofmentalimpoverishment,andthattheman

withthepenwillthinkandwritemoreeffectivelythanthemanwiththeCompaq.

Leavingasidethequestionofwhetheradvancedtechnologymakesyouthinkless

dynamically,theideathatthereshouldberecognizablestylisticdiscrepanciesbetweentheworkof

pen-pushersandkey-tappersshouldn'tintheleastsurpriseus.Historically,literarystyleshave

alwaysborneastrongrelationshiptotheavailabletechnology.Thequillpen,mostobviously,

alloweditsowneronlyacertainnumberofwordsbetweenrefills,therebyencouragingallthose

lengthyGibboniansentencesbristlingwithsubordinateclauses.Thefountainpen—which

allowedyoutowriteasmanywordsasyouwanted—andthemanualtypewriterwroughtfurther

revolutions.Itisnotparticularlyfar-fetched,forexample,tosuggestthatthestaccato,elliptical

proseofearly-20th-centuryModernistmasterssuchasHemingwayderivesinpartfromitshaving

beentyped,ratherthanwrittendown.

Butwhataboutthecomputerscreen?Whateffectdoesthathaveontheelementalpatternsby

whichthewriterdownloadsthewordsinhisorherhead?WithoutwantingtosoundlikeMayor

Ota,Isuspectthattoacertainkindofwriteritisasmuchahindranceasahelp.Asingleglanceat

theaveragebookshopwilldemonstratethatnovelsaregettinglonger.Thereareexcellentaesthetic

reasonsforthat,ofcourse,butthereisalsoatechnicalexplanation,whichistosaythatcomputers

allowyoutowritemorewordsandtowritethemmorequickly,withouttherestraintofhavingto

altereverythingbyhandandthenrewrite.

Everysooften,asareviewer,onestumbleswithasinkingheartacrossoneoftheseenormous

ramblingaffairs,which,howeverassiduoustheattentionsofitseditor,betraysitsoriginasa

screen-abettedmentalshow-off.Perhaps,likethemunicipalemployeesofMayoOta'sHirate,we

shouldalltrybanningcomputersonedayaweek.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,newwritinginstrument

[A]makessentenceslengthierandlengthier.[BJrendersprosepleasantertoread.

[C]causesstylisticdifferencesamongtheusers.[D]makeswritingshorterandmorecompact.

7.Inwhatwayisthecomputerahindrancetoawriter?

[A]Awritermayrunhiswritinglongjustforamentalshow-off.

[BJAwriterislesswillingtorewritehisnoveltomakeitbetter.

[C]Ideasareputintowordsbeforetheyaremadeclearerinthemind.

[D]Thecomputerallowsawritertowritewithoutcarefulchoiceofwords.

8.Theword4tassiduous^^(Line2,Para5)probablymeans

[A]cautious.[B]intentional.[C]conscious.[D]purposeless.

9.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsMayorOta'sbanisoneof

[AJacknowledgement.[B]opposition.[CJneutrality.[D]enthusiasm.

10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

[A]Frequentuseofcomputerleadstomentalimpoverishment.

[BlComputerusersthinklesseffectivelythanpenusers.

[C]Computersgiveawritermorefreedominexpression.

[D]Frequentcomputeruserscan'tconcentrateonwhattheydo.

Text3

Untilrecentlytherewasmuchtalkoftheimpendingdeathofdividends.Butaconfluenceof

eventshasconspiredoflatetomakebossesandinvestorsthinkagain.Stockmarketshavesagged,

makinginvestorsnoticetheminimalamountsofcashtheywereearningfromtheirshares.

Thedecliningroleofdividendswasencouragedbythetheoriesofacademics,manyofwhom

instructedtoday'stopmanagersinbusinessschool.OneNobel-Prize-winningtheorysuggested

thatwhetherornotafirmpaidadividendshouldmakenodifferencetothevalueofafirmto

investors.Accordingtothis“irrelevancetheory"，everyshare'svalueisbasedonthefuturecash

flowsfromacompany;itdoesnotmatteratallwhetherthosecashflowsarepaidoutindividends

orkeptascashonhandbythefirm.

AnywaythebubbleinAmericansharepricesinthe1990shasledsomeacademicstoaskifthe

marketscanbereliedupontothinkrationallyaboutanything,includingdividends.Butinthereal

worldthereremainsoneoverwhelmingreasonwhydividendpolicyisnotirrelevant:tax.Theway

dividendsaretaxedcanhavewide-rangingconsequencesforhowafirmisrun.Inparticular,itcan

influencewhetherafirmfinancesitselfprimarilythroughequityordebt,andhowitchoosesto

returnprofitstoitsshareholders.

Taxesmaylargelyexplainthegrowingpopularityofsharebuybackscomparedwithdividends

inrecentyears.Buybacksare,intheory,justanotherwaytoreturncashtoshareholders,bybuying

upsharesontheopenmarketandretiringthem.Thereductioninthenumberofsharesoutstanding

meansthatprofitsarespreadoverasmallerbaseofshares,whichshouldliftsharepricesfor

investorswhodonotsellthembacktothefirm.

Inmostcountries,taxrulesallowfirmstotreatinterestpaymentsondebtasatax-deductible

expense,whereascashpaymentstoequityholdersintheformofdividendsorsharerepurchases

comeoutofafter-taxincome.Allelsebeingequal,therefore,thetaxsystemtypicallymakesdebta

cheapersourceoffinanceforafirm,atthemargin,thanequity.

Inrecentyears,governmentsalmosteverywherehavebecomeincreasinglyconcernedabout

theimpactoftaxationoncompanies.Byandlarge,theyhavefavoredtaxreformsthatareintended

toboostbusinessactivity,suchascuttingmarginaltaxrates—thoughinpracticetheirreforms

haveoftenhadunpredictableresults.Forexample,in1997Britainendedalltaxexemptionsfor

dividends,ostensiblytoencouragereinvestmentofprofitsbyfirms,butthereisnoevidencethatit

achievedthisaim,accordingtotheInstituteforFiscalStudiesinLondon.

11.The''irrelevancetheory”arguesthat

[AJeveryshare'svalueisrelatedtothefuturecashflowsfromafirm.

[B]dividendafirmpaidisrelevanttotax.

[C]everyshare'svaluehasnothingtodowithmarket.

[D]thevalueofafirmisdirectlyrelatedtothedividend.

12.Thewaythatdividendsaretaxedinfluenceshow

[A]afirmreturnsprofitstoitsworkers.

IBJafirmbuysupsharesontheopenmarket.

[C]afirmfinancesitself.

[D]afirmreturnscashtoitsshareholders.

13.Theword“outstanding”(Line4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans

[A]excellent.[BJconspicuous.[C]notyetpaid.[DJalreadyissued.

14.TaxreformsinBritainareusedtoillustratethat

[A]governmentshavebecomeincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetaxation.

[B]resultsoftaxreformsareunpredictable.

[CJtaxreformshavehadachievedpredictableaims.

[D]Britishgovernmenthasendedalltaxexemptionsfordividends.

15.Whatisauthor'sattitudetowardsdividend,accordingtothetext?

[A]Skeptical.[B]Puzzled.[C]Objective.[D]Critical.

Text4

WhenOxfordUniversitymootedtheideaofestablishingabusinessschoolsixyearsago,

outragedOxoniansunleashedvolleysofCiceronianoratory,arguingthatthegrovesofacademe

shouldbeoutofboundstocommerce.Howtimeshavechanged.FrustratedbytheBritish

government'sreluctancetolettheuniversitychargereal-worldtuitionfees,demoralizedby

mountingchargesofelitism,withresearchandteachingstifledbyinadequatestatesubsidies,the

donsarerealizingthatcapitalismmightjustbethekeytotheirfuture.Atthetraditional

800-year-oldinstitution,increasingnumbersofthemarecallingfortheiruniversitytobe

privatized.

That'sahugelycontroversialproposalinacountrythatstillclingsfiercelytotheidealof

providingafree,state-fundededucationtoanyonewhomeritsit.PrimeMinisterTonyBlairwants

50percentofBritain'sunder-30sinfull-timeeducationby2006,andgivenhisno-new-taxesstyle,

universitiessuspectthey'llberesponsibleforfindingalargeproportionofthe$15millionthat

willcost.AlreadyOxfordishavingtroublepayingsalariessufficienttoattracttopteachers;afull

professorgets$68,400—roughlyhalfthesalariesoftheirU.S.counterparts.ForOxford,for

longtheglobalepitomeoftop-drawereducation,thequestioniswhethertheuniversity'sdaysasa

bastionofworld-classexcellencemightbeover.

Latelytheissueseemstohavetakenonanewurgency.Newspapersreportedmini-scandaljust

lastweekthata19-year-olddeafstudent,AnastasiaFedotova,failedtowinplacedespitehigh

examscores.ChancelloroftheExchequerGordonBrownlambastedtheadmissionssystemas

“morereminiscentoftheold-boynetwork...thangenuinejusticeinoursociety."Thishighlighted

justhowvulnerableOxfordremainstochargesofelitism.

“Moreandmorepeoplearesayingtheonlysolutionisindependence/*saysclassicsprofessor

RichardJenkyns.Intheend,Oxfordmaybehopingforsomein-betweensolution.Since1998it

hasbeenpumpingfundsintoaprivatecompanycalledISISInnovation,setuptocommercialize

researchers9discoveries.Ofatotalof28fledglingspin-offs,allarestillinbusiness.Whilebig

payoffsarestillalongwayoff,“thatcouldquicklychange”，saysmanagingdirectorTimCook,“if

oneofthemhitsthejackpot,^^Moreimmediately,Oxfordbigwigsreportthatpermissiontocharge

thefullcostoftuitionwillalmostcertainlybegiveningovernmentreportduethisNovember.

Oxfordstillisn'tlikelytoletbusinessinterestsrunwildoveritshallowedgreensward.Butitis

learningthattheacademicfreedomitsoprizescanbepreservedonlyataprice.

16.WhichoneofthefollowingisthemajorreasonforOxfordUniversity'slackoffunding?

[AlTheideaofbuildingofabusinessschoolhasbeenrejectedbytheteachers.

[BJThegovernmentisreluctanttoletitchargethestudentshightuitionfees.

[C]Ithastopaysufficientsalariestoattracttopteachers.

[D]Thegovernmentcan'taffordthehighresearchsubsidies.

17.BycitingtheexampleofAnastasiaFedotova,theauthorintendstoshowthat

[AJtheuniversityhastakenonanewurgency.

[B]theuniversityholdsastrongdiscriminationagainstthedisabled.

[CJtheuniversityisinfavorofanetworkofolderapplicants.

[DItheuniversityputstoomuchemphasisonelitism.

18.Thephrase"hitsthejackpof^Line6,Para.4)probablymeans

[A]getoutofbusinesssuddenly.

[B]bediscoveredaccidentallybyforesightedbusinessman.

[C]makealotofmoneyunexpectedly.

[DJprovetobeveryusefulindailylifebychance.

19.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]OxfordUniversitywillgraduallybecomeaprivateuniversitylikeHarvard.

[B]OxfordUniversityisbeginningtothinkofcommercialwaystocollectmoney.

[C]TheonlysolutiontoOxfordUniversity'sproblemsisbeingindependent.

[D|TheBritishgovernmentwillofferOxfordUniversitymoresubsidies.

20.Thetextismainlyabout

[A]thefutureorientationofOxfordUniversity.

[B]thefinancialandmoralproblemsofOxfordUniversityandthesolution.

[C]theinfluenceofgovernment'spolicyonOxfordUniversity.

[D]thepurityofOxfordUniversityinitsfieldofacademicresearch

PartB

Directions:Inthearticle,followingsentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions21-25fchoose

themostsuitableonefromthelist[A]—[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwo

extrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

Manyscientistshavewonderedwhetherthereissomequirkinthewaydepressionis

inherited,suchthatadepressedparentorgrandparentismorelikelytopassonapredispositionfor

thedisordertofemalethantomaledescendants.Basedonstudies由attracefamilyhistoriesof

depression,theanswertothatquestionappearstobeno.21..

Simplytracingfamilyhistories,though,withoutalsoconsideringenvironmentalinfluences,

mightnotofferacompletepictureofhowdepressionisinherited.

Indeed,KennethS.KendlerandhiscolleaguesattheMedicalCollegeofVirginiafoundina

studyof2,060femaletwinsthatgeneticsmightcontributetohowwomenrespondto

environmentalpressures.Theresearchersexaminedtwinswithandwithoutafamilyhistoryof

depression;sometwinsinbothgroupshadrecentlyundergoneatrauma,suchasthedeathofa

lovedoneoradivorce.Theinvestigatorsfoundthatamongthewomenwhodidnothaveafamily

historyofdepression,stressfuleventsraisedtheirriskfordepressionbyonly6percent.22.

Asimilarstudyhasnotbeendoneinmen,leavingopenthequestionofwhether

environmentalstressandgeneticriskfordepressioninteractsimilarlyinbothsexes.Butresearch

isbeingdonetodeterminewhethermenandwomengenerallyexperiencesimilaramountsand

typesofstress.Studiesofkeyhormoneshintthattheydonot.Hormonesarenotnewtodepression

researchers.Manyhavewonderedwhetherthegonadolasteroidsestrogenandprogesterone一

whosecyclicfluctuationsinwomenregulatemenstruation-mightputwomenatagreaterriskfor

depression.Thereareatleasttwowaysinwhichtheymightdoso.

First,becauseofdifferencesbetweentheXandYchromosomes,maleandfemalebrainsare

exposedtodifferenthormonalmilieus.23..

Indeed,animalexperimentsshowthatearlyhormonalinfluenceshavemarkedbehavioral

consequenceslateron,althoughthephenomenonisofcoursedifficulttostudyinhumans.

Second,thefactthatpost-pubertalmenandwomenhavedifferentlevelsofcirculating

gonadalsteroidsmightsomehowputwomenathigherriskfordepression.Researchshowsgirls

becomemoresusceptibletodepressionthanboysonlyafterpuberty,whentheybegin

menstruatingandexperiencehormonalfluxes.24..

Forexample,PeterJ.SchmidtandDavidR.RubinowoftheNationalInstituteofMental

Healthrecentlyreportedthatmanipulationsofestrogenandprogesteronedidnotaffectmood,

exceptinwomenwhosufferfromseverepremenstrualmoodchanges.

Itnowappears,however,thatestrogenmightsetthestagefordepressionindirectlyby

primingthebody'sstressresponse.Duringstressfultimes,theadrenalglands—whichsitontop

ofthekidneysandarecontrolledbythepituitaryglandinthebrain—secretehigherlevelsofa

hormonecalledcortisol,whichincreasestheactivityofthebody'smetabolicandimmunesystems,

amongothers.25..

Evidenceisemergingthatestrogenmightnotonlyincreasecortisolsecretionbutalso

decreasecortisofsabilitytoshutdownitsownsecretion.Theresultmightbeastressresponse

thatisnotonlymorepronouncedbutalsolonger-lastinginwomenthaninmen.

[A]Butthesameriskrosealmost14percentamongthewomenwhodidhaveafamilyhistoryof

depression.Inotherwords,thesewomenhadseeminglyinheritedthepropensitytobecome

depressedinthewakeofcrises.

[B]Tofigureoutwhydepressionismorecommonamongwomen,scientistshavetostudyhow

geneticsandenvironmentdividethesexes—andhowthetwoconspiretoproducethe

symptomswedescribeasdepression.

[C]Inthenormalcourseofevents,stressincreasescortisolsecretion,buttheseelevatedlevels

haveanegativefeedbackeffectonthepituitary,sothateortisollevelsgraduallyreturnto

normal.

[D]Despitetheirimportance,estrogenandcortisolarenottheonlyhormonesinvolvedinfemale

depression,midstressisnottheonlyenvironmentalinfluencethatmightholdmoreswayover

womenthanmen.

[E]Thesehormonaldifferencesmayaffectbraindevelopmentsothatmenandwomenhave

differentvulnerabilities—anddifferentphysiologicalreactionstoenvironmentalstresseslater

inlife.

[F]Evenso,scientistshaveneverbeenabletoestablishadirectrelationbetweenemotionalstates

andlevelsofestrogenmidprogesteroneinthebloodofwomen.

[G]Womenandmenwithsimilarheritageseemequallylikelytodevelopthedisorder.

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.

Travelecologyisacommunitytourismplanningapproachunitingthethemesofsocial

developmentandecologicalsustainability.26)WKarguethatsustainabletourismand“sustainable

communitytourismdevelopment"havefailedtoemphasizetheconstraintsandopportunities

associatedwithdiedevelopmentoflocalsocialandpoliticalinstitutions.Wecontendthattourism

planningshouldhelpcreateequitable,sustainablecommunitiesresilientenoughtosurviveina

highlyvolatileinternationalenvironment,ratherthan“sustaining“tourismorspecificaspectsof

tourismdevelopment.27)Thetenntravelecologyindicatestheoreticalaffinitywiththefieldsof

politicalecologyandculturalecology,aswellasanattempttomoveawayfromsustainable

tourismmodels.Fromglobalpoliticalecology,theapproachincorporatesanimpactanalysisof

internationaleconomicandpoliticalconditionsoncommunitysustainability.FromAmerican

culturalecology,theapproachborrowstheenvironmentalethicsofLeopoldandMuiraswellas

thedemocraticpragmatismofJohnDewey.Thetravelecologyapproachisbaseduponsixbroadly

conceivedprinciples:discovery,mutuality,locality,historicity,potentiality,andenhancement.We

viewtheseprinciplesascontributingtotourismplanningtheory,ratherthanconstitutinga

definitivemodelorprocess.

Discoveryisthebeginningofdialogueamongresidents,duringwhichtheydiscovermutual

fearsandexpectations.28)Itisduringthisphasethatthetourismplannermustassistwiththn

constructionofgoalsandobjectives,assistinvenlorydevelopment,facilitatepublicdialogue,and

attimesmitigateconflictbetweenstakeholdergroups.Thesustainabletourismliteratureplaces

littleemphasisonpotentialconflictsarisingoverresourcedistributionanduse.Thetravelecology

approachrecognizesthatconflictisanecessarypartofthe"good"communityasamethodof

sociallearning.

Mutualitymeansresidentsengageinacommonlanguageemphasizingsharedvalues,ideas,

andconcerns,whileatthesametimerespectingindividualperspectives.Thetravelecology

approachviewssustainabilityasamatterofstrengtheningsocialnetworksandcivicinstitutions.

Manytourismplannersfailtoenlistlocalsocialandcivicgroupswhenbuildingsupportfor

communitytourismdevelopment.29)Thec】eationofsocialcapitalbecomesimportanttotourism

developmentnotonlyforgeneratinghospitalitythathelpsmakeacommunityadesirable

destination、butalsoforsharingscarceresourcesrequiredforcreatingasuccessfulproduct.

Localitybeginswiththenotionthatenvironmentalawarenesstowardenvironmentssuchas

rainforestsandsavannasbeginswithanawarenessofcommonplaceenvironments.30)Thisisnot

toadvocateanabandonmentof“endangered”environments,onlythatawarenessoflocalityis

criticaltothedevelopmentof-senseofplace“一oftenmentionedasanaestheticcomponentof

sustainability.Thetravelecologyapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthecommunityisbotha

sociallyconstructedexperienceandanecologicallygroundedplace.Socialnetworksandnatural

andbuiltenvironmentsinwhichsuchnetworkstakesplacearemutuallyreinforcingelementsof

community.

做題點(diǎn)撥與全文翻譯

PartA

Text1

語境詞匯

1.delivervt.(on)履行諾言；遞送，傳送

2.hypen.&vt.(天花亂墜的廣告宣傳)

3.imposevt.強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)加；課稅vi.利用

4.shattervt.毀壞，大大擾亂；砸碎

5.fromn.活動(dòng)的領(lǐng)域或范圍;前面；前線

6.ripoff欺騙：欺詐；撕掉

7.impenetrablea.不能穿過的，不能通過的

8.pliablea.能適應(yīng)的；柔順的；易彎的

9.poisea.使做好準(zhǔn)備

10.reinvigoratevt.使再振作，使復(fù)興

難句突破

1.［Accordingtothistheory］,companies(thatadvertisetheirproductstomassaudiences)must

strictlydeliverontheirpromises,andthequalityoftheirgoodsmustliveuptoIhchyRC(putout

bythesellers).

【分析】并列復(fù)合句。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句。在前一分句中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾

companies；后一個(gè)分句中pulout…為過去分詞短語作Ihehype的后置定語；accordingto...

作句首狀語，修飾整句。

【譯文】根據(jù)這一理念，將產(chǎn)品對廣大觀眾進(jìn)行宣傳的各個(gè)公司都必須嚴(yán)格履行自己的諾言，

而且賣者在促銷廣告中將產(chǎn)品描述成什么樣，他們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量就必須達(dá)到什么水準(zhǔn)。

2.Thiswouldmake則jylinjQlhfeiroikgLbxj城w廢11以§期蜀城煦(葭s)almostimBOssible,［evenif

theirproductswereofbetterqualitythanexistingones］,simply［becausenoonewouldbewilling

togivethematry］.

【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為“主一謂一賓一賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)；evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；

because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。

【譯文】這樣會(huì)使新的賣者或生產(chǎn)廠家?guī)缀醪豢赡艽蛉胧袌?，即便他們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比現(xiàn)在市

場上的要好也不行，原因很簡單：沒人愿意給他們一次機(jī)會(huì)去試一試他們的產(chǎn)品。

本攵是?篇“觀點(diǎn)論證型”論述文。文章主要論述了廣告宣傳也應(yīng)該實(shí)事求是。第?段

提出觀點(diǎn)：廣告宣傳要實(shí)事求是，如果不實(shí)言相告的話，會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果；第二、三段中

用假設(shè)論證了如果進(jìn)行虛假的廣告宣傳，會(huì)導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者不再信任廣告，任何新產(chǎn)品的市場都

難以打開，那么整個(gè)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)都會(huì)受到影響，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果；第四段作者列舉現(xiàn)實(shí)中

美國廣告宣傳的例子——美國廣告宣傳由于受到種種壓力，保持著優(yōu)良的傳統(tǒng)，因此促進(jìn)了

整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，從而進(jìn)一步證明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。

答案解析全文翻譯

1.【題眼】首段設(shè)題［11廣告宣傳應(yīng)實(shí)言以告是美國自由

【解析】選［B］。推理判斷題。作者在第一段中市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中的一個(gè)核心概念。根據(jù)這

首先提出廣告宣傳的真實(shí)性是美國自由市場經(jīng)一理念，將產(chǎn)品對廣大觀眾進(jìn)行宣傳的各

濟(jì)體系中的核心概念，接