2020年高考英語北京卷真題

絕密★本科目考試啟用前

2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷)

英語

本試卷共12頁，共120分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘。

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷

和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，45分)

A

OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfoodj_(play)abigrolein

hislife.64Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe'dsometimesletmehaveatry,“hesaid.

ThefirstdishOliverpreparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwith

hismum'shelp.Oliversaysifyou're2(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyou

whoenjoyscooking,askthem3_youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.

B

Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey生(throw)away.It

takesthemhundredsofyears5_(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheocean

wherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,the

bagsfallapart6_countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,

lotsof7_(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostop

peopleusingthem.

C

Apieceofstone8(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman

relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.The

Neanderthals_9_(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsof

years,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthan

modemhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere10(smart)

thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggests

otherwise.

第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出

最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Myfaithinhumannaturehasneverbeensogreatasitwaslastweekendafterour

familyget-togetherinthetownofVail.

OnSaturday,weallwenttothemarketrightinthemiddleofthetown.Nearthe

end,weall11atthefountainnearthebridge,andthekidswaded（踵水）aroundin

thefountainuntilwe_12_.Thisisoneofthebusiestwalkingstreets.

Afterwereturnedtothehotellateintheafternoon,my7-year-oldsonPonder13

thatnowherecouldhefindhisbackpack,which14hisGameboyandhiswatch.After

athorough15,wedeterminedthathemusthaveleftitatthefountain.

Ponderhasnever16anything.Sowejusttakeforgrantedthatheneedsno

supervision（指導(dǎo)）formanaginghis!7.

Hewasupset,notabouttheGameboy,butaboutthewatch."ButDad,“hesaid,

throughmassive18,“theydon'tmakethatkindofwatchanymore."Wewereall

very19.

Ourdinnerreservationwasatarestaurantjustontheothersideofthebridge,so

I20himthatwewouldnotonlysearchtheareaaroundthefountainwhenwewent

backfordinner,butwewouldalsofindthepoliceandaskthemifthebackpackhad

been21.

Asweexitedfromtheparkinggarage,wecouldseethefountainaswewalked

downthelongstaircase.Isawsomethingblack22there,butitwasrightnexttoa

womanstandingbythefountain,soIcouldnot23whatitwasorifitwashers.

“Seeit,Dad?”Pondershouted."Don'tgettoo24becausethatmaynotbeit,"I

said.Butthatwasit.Ithadbeenfiveorsixhourssinceweleftthefountain,anditwas

25there.TherewasnoIDinit,anditlookedlikesomeonehadlookedthroughitand

thensetitrightoutwhereallcould26it.

Iliterally27whenwereacheditanditwashis!Everyoneinourpartywasblown

awaybythis“miracle（奇跡）”.

Inmywildest28,1wouldneverhaveimaginedthatthiscouldhappennowadays.

Whatacharmedlife,eh?Ibelievethiswasaperfect29forachildinlosing

somethingimportant...toloseitand

feelthefull30ofthatloss,andthentomiraculouslygetitback.

11.A.droveB.hikedC.metD.united

12.A.landedB.leftC.settledD.slept

13.A.respondedB.recognisedC.realisedD.recalled

14.A.containedB.combinedC.comprisedD.covered

15.A.preparationB.checkupC.revisionD.search

16.A.wastedB.lostC.soughtD.deserted

17.A.emotionB.timeC.moneyD.stuff

18.A.tearsB.fistsC.reliefsD.outbreaks

19.A.hesitantB.curiousC.sadD.eager

20.A.promisedB.informedC.warnedD.taught

21.A.wornoutB.caughtupC?putawayD.turnedin

22.A.hidingB.sittingC.swingingD.flowing

23.A.assessB.declareC.tellD.predict

24.A.excitedB.puzzledC.relaxedD.amused

25.A.alreadyB.evenC.almostD.still

26.A.takeB.seeC.touchD.protect

27.A.panickedB.explodedC.collapsedD.cried

28.A.dreamsB.claimsC.effortsD.passions

29.A.modeB.lessonC.optionD.plot

30.A.rangeB.pressureC.weightD.harvest

第二部分閱讀理解

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，

并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Lancomisaworldwidelanguagelearningappandaleaderintheonlinelanguage

learningindustrywithmillionsofactivesubscribers.Wehouseabroadrangeof

expertsunitedbythecommongoalofcreatingthebestlanguagelearningtoolspossible.

WithadvicefromAIspecialists,artdesignersandcultureresearchers,ourmulti-

languageexpertsendow（貝武予）Lancomwithanenormouspotentialforinnovation

withintheworldoflanguagelearning.Ourcourses,totalling20,000hoursofcontent

in20differentlanguages,guaranteeyoulanguageskillsyoucanuserightaway.

AtthecoreofLancomisaworld-classeffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguage

learningwithadvancedtechnology.

Examplesanddialoguesarerecordedwithrealnativespeakersinsteadofautomatic

computers.Lancomtrainsyourbraintolearnefficiently,soyouabsorbmore

informationwhileintheappandcontinuelearningoutsideofit.Theappmakesour

practicallanguagelessonsavailablewhereverandwhenever.Weworkdirectlyforour

learners,notforanythirdparty.Andit'sallsupportedbyanefficientcustomerservice

team,availablethroughtelephone,emailandonlinechat.

Millionsoflearnershavetheirownstoriesandtheirownreasonsforlearninga

newlanguage.Lancomcaresaboutyouandaddressesyourindividuallearningtype.

Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,building

ongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.Ourcontentisaboutreal-lifetopicsthatare

relevantbecauseweknowwhatmatterstoyouiswhatsticksbest.Youwillfindit

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ChooseYourSubscriptionaidGetStarted

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31.WhocanprovideLancomwithahugepotentialforinnovationinlearning?

A.Cultureresearchers.B.AIspecialists.

C.Languageexperts.D.Artdesigners.

32.WhatliesatthecoreoftheLancomapp?

A.Aflexiblesystem.B.Aneffectivemethod.

C.Thebrain-trainingtechnique.D.Theinformativecontent.

33.Lancomclaimsthatitisuniqueinits.

A.personalisedcoursesB.multiplelanguages

C.pricingpolicyD.serviceteam

B

BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK-andpotentiallytheworld-tojoin

thefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground.

Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshe

cantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Her

monitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigher

closertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlight

concernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigher

riskofdevelopinglungproblems.

Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsatabout

ninefeetintheair.However,sinceBaggystandsataboutthesameheightasachild

inapushchair（嬰兒車）,shefrequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuch

higherthanthedatagatheredbytheEnvironmentAgency.

ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy9s13-year-oldownerTomHunt

andhisdadMatt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwo-

thirdshigherclosetothegroundthantheyareintheairattheheightwheretheyare

recordedbytheagency.Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothe

governmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdeveloping

asthma（哮喘）.

MattHuntsaidhewas“veryproud,,ofhissonbecause"whentheboygetsan

idea,hekeepshisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosome

goodandstopyoungkidsfromgettingasthma.^^

“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,“Matt

added.6€Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小裝置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegot

thisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,we

wentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,'whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollar

andlethermonitorthepollution?9Sowedidit.”

Tomsaid,“Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfbrtherestof

thetimesheisasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher.”

34.Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan.

A.takepollutantreadingsB.recordpollutantlevels

C.processcollecteddataD.reduceairpollution

35.WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?

A.Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.

B.Higherpushchairsaremoreriskyforkids.

C.Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.

D.Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.

36.WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingtheresearch?

A.Towarnofahealthrisk.B.Tofindoutpollutionsources.

C.Totesthisnewmonitor.D.ToproveBaggy'sabilities.

37.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?

A.Modest.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Outgoing.

C

Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto

re-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,she

cameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000sets

ofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.

Theauthor?sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhave

beensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefact

thatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.t4Yousimplycan'tget

anunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,“shesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashioned

wayisn'tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthe

craftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedthe

world,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthat

producedthem.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientists

discoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeyeproblemscouldkilladrug-

resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhow

anobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbethe

onlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.Scholars

haveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptures

werepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetails

withoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelieves

youcandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinkthe

worldsofartandsciencebacktogether.Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipesto

lifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlightsexperimentation,teamwork,and

problemsolving.

Backwhenscience-thencalled“thenewphilosophyv—tookshape,

academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.

Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修補(bǔ)）,as

craftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smith

says,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofour

ancestors.

38.HowdidSmithfeelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.

B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.

D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

39.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

40.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.

B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.

D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtists

B.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists

D.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

D

CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiauitous.Forexample,algorithms（算

法）carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsare

appearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageinto

another.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.

Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeen

designed.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.

Someoftoday'sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday'sworldof"weak"or

“narrow"AI,tocreate“strong"or"fUll”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneral

intelligence（AGI）.Insomerespects,today5spowerfulcomputingmachinesalready

makeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,

anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,a

companyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto“solveintelligence”.

“Ifwe'resuccessful,theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbeoneofthe

mostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.95

SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleoreven

probable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedthe

eventualcreationofan"ultra-intelligentmachine...thatcanfarsurpassallthe

intellectual（智力的）activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.^^Goodwentontosuggest

that“thefirstultra-intelligent

machine^^couldbe“thelastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”

Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshave

beenreinforced（強(qiáng)化）bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley'sFrankensteinand

theTerminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoeseventuallyprovetobeour

downfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shapedformslikethese,with

recognisablyhumanmotivationssuchasaggression（敵對(duì)行為）.Instead,Iagree

withOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,whobelievesthattheheaviestrisks

fromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturnagainstmankindbutratherfroma

doggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.

ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday'sexciteddiscussion

aboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.

And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelievethereis

goodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.

42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”in

Paragraph1probablymean?

A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.

C.Stableinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.

43.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?

A.Helptotackleproblems.B.Makebrainsmoreactive.

C.Benefitambitiouspeople.D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.

44.AsforIrvingGood,sopiniononultra-intelligentmachines,theauthoris

A.supportiveB.disapproving

C.fearfulD.uncertain

45.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?

A.Itmaybeonlyadream.

B.Itwillcomeintobeingsoon.

C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.

D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中

有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadin

the

sandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodo

withthewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughts

ofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,

oreventhepersonhimself._46_Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegative

self-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractise

positivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedto

stresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhatthey

do.

47Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans（壽命），lower

ratesofdepressionandanxiety,

betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.

Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.

48Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedby

strongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbuffer

（緩沖作用）againstdepressionandanxiety.Resilient（適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的）peoplewhothink

positivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementof

anykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendto

perceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.49

Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwith

hardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowith

ignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.50Thinkingina

positive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicaland

mentalhealth.

A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.

B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.

C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.

D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.

E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividuaPsbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.

F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.

G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenif

small.

第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）

第一節(jié)（15分）