應用文技巧2：詞匯的選擇與錘煉

潮流漸變創(chuàng)意匯報人姓名匯報日期詞匯的選擇與錘煉musicMUSIC機會chance→opportunity選擇choice→alternative課程course→curriculum影響effect→influence/impact后果result→consequence缺點shortcoming→drawback方法way→approach職業(yè)job→career/profession建議advice→guidance問題problem→issue老人oldpeople→theelderly/theaged/seniorcitizens青少年youngpeople→youngsters/youths/adolescents幾天前afewdaysago→theotherday(1)名詞(短語)轉換1.替換常用簡單詞(短語)musicMUSIC(2)動詞(短語)轉換看見see→catchsightof遇見meet→comeacross喜歡like→haveapassionfor/befondof/haveanaffectionfor引起cause→leadto/resultin/giveriseto擁有have→possess提高develop/improve→promote替代replace→substitute注意到notice→spot完成finish→accomplishmusicMUSIC面對face→befacedwith/beconfrontedwith容忍bear→tolerate/putupwith處理dealwith→copewith使某人意識到makesb.realize→raisesb.’sawarenessof決定decide→determine/makeupone’smind考慮consider→takeintoconsideration/account應該should→besupposedto理解understand→makesenseof/figureout使用use→employ/makeuseof/takeadvantageof道歉apologize→makeanapology記住remember→keepinmindmusicMUSIC發(fā)生happen→occur/comeabout想起thinkof→occurto/comeupwith感謝thank→appreciate幫助某人helpsb.→dosb.afavor節(jié)省save→setaside參觀visit→payavisitto分發(fā)handout→distribute站起來standup→risetoone’sfeet由……組成bemadeupof→consistof/becomposedof習慣于beusedto→beaccustomedtomusicMUSIC一定besuretodo→beboundtodo反對beagainst→objectto厭煩beboredwith→befedupwith忙于bebusywith→beoccupiedwith/beengagedin聞名befamousfor→haveareputationfor感到舒服feelcomfortable→feelatease美化校園maketheschoolbeautiful→beautifytheschool想做某事wanttodosth.→intend/desiretodosth.musicMUSIC照看lookafter→attendto盡力做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.→sparenoefforttodosth.向某人尋求幫助asksb.forhelp→turntosb.forhelpmusicMUSIC(3)形容詞轉換令人驚奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking貧窮的poor→needy/poverty-stricken優(yōu)秀的excellent→outstanding明顯的obvious→apparent/evident常見的common→universal充足的enough→adequate勤奮的hard-working→diligent可用的useable→available困難的difficult→challenging堅強的strong→toughmusicMUSIC重要的important→significant/vital不可能的impossible→outofthequestion有趣的;有吸引力的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing小心謹慎的careful→cautious幸運的lucky→fortunate巨大的large→enormous合適的proper→appropriate豐富的rich→abundant古老的old→ancient唯一的only→unique全部的whole→entire富裕的rich→wealthy許多的many→alargequantity/numberofmusicMUSIC有空的free→available有益處的useful→beofbenefit高興的glad→delighted激動的excited→thrilled壞的bad→disgusting/awful著名的famous→distinguished/well-knownmusicMUSIC(4)其他詞(組)轉換突然suddenly→allofasudden立即immediately→inaflash有時sometimes→occasionally/onceinawhile/fromtimetotime另外;況且besides→inaddition/what’smore/moreover因此so→therefore第一;首先first→tobeginwith/startwith/firstofall第二;其次second→inaddition/what’smore最終finally→eventually/ultimately關于about→concerning也too→aswell否則or→otherwise事實上infact→asamatteroffact故意地onpurpose→bydesign/deliberately總之inaword→tosumup/inconclusion/insummary因為becauseof→onaccountof/dueto/owingto/thankstomusicMUSIC【典型例句】

①Ontheonehand,toomuchpraisemightleadtochildren’slack

of

enthusiasm

to

explore

new

things(缺乏探索新事物的熱情),fortheyareafraidtheywon’tmeet

parents’

expectations(滿足父母的期望).②Considering

the

enormous

benefits(考慮到巨大的益處),whichwecanearnsteadilyfromtennispractice,includingpreventing

us

from

getting

short-sighted(防止我們近視)andhelpinguskeepphysicallyhealthy,wearelostinthetrainingcourse.musicMUSIC【拓展訓練】

①Thespecialdayallowspeopleto_____________________________(對……表達愛和情感)theirfathers.

②_________________(是明智的)forpeopletousetheircellphones__________________________(更恰當?shù)?.

③____________________________(沒有充分的準備),youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectlyandobtainsatisfactorymarks,letalonebeadmittedinto____________________(夢想的大學).

④Tracysaidshehadalready_________________(通知蘇珊)thechangeoftheappointment.

showtheirloveandaffectionforIt’sadvisable/wisemoreappropriately/properlyWithoutsufficientpreparationadesirableuniversityinformedSusanofmusicMUSIC⑤PeoplegenerallythoughtitimpossiblefortheChineseteamtowinthechampionshipintheRioOlympicGames,butthey______________________(克服許多障礙)and_________________________________(最終創(chuàng)造了奇跡).

⑥Drama

Night

______________(預定)beheldontheeveningofnextFridayinthetheatrehall.

⑦____________(此外),havingbeenawardedscholarshiptwiceinourschool,Ihave_____________________________(極好的學術成就).

⑧Thisphenomenonhas______________________(成為焦點)wemustfacetodaybecauseof_________________________(許多嚴重后果)causedbyimproperuseofcellphones.

overcamemanyhurdleseventuallyworkedmiracles/wondersisscheduledto

Additionallyexcellentacademicperformancebecomeaconcern/focus

manyseriousconsequences

musicMUSIC2.變化所用詞的詞性

在作文中,可以通過改變一個詞的詞性,使文章富有變化,讓閱卷者感受到考生對詞匯各種用法的掌握水平和靈活運用的程度。常見的變化詞性的策略有名詞變動詞、動詞變名詞、形容詞變名詞等。(1)名詞變動詞Peopleareconcernedaboutthegradualdisappearanceofthetraditionalvalues.→Peopleareconcernedbecausethetraditionalvaluesaregraduallydisappearing.傳統(tǒng)價值觀正在漸漸地消亡,這讓人們很擔憂。musicMUSIC(2)動詞變名詞Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhecouldreallydanceverywell.→Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhimareallygooddancer.看了他的表演之后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他跳舞跳得很棒。(3)形容詞變名詞IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhisbeingsokind.→IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhiskindness.我寫信給湯姆對他的善良表示感謝。musicMUSIC3.善用短語漢語高級短語努力strugglefor=strivefor=sparenoeffortfor從事embarkon=setabout=goinfor在當代incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage大量的ahostof=agreatnumberof=alargeamountof更糟糕的是what’sworse=worsestill=tomakemattersworse遇見;偶遇runinto=comeacross=meetwith在我看來inmyopinion=asfarasI’mconcerned=frommypointofview除了……之外(還有)inadditionto=apartfrom=aswellas=alongwith一方面,另一方面ontheonehand,ontheotherhand=foronething,foranother高度評價thinkhighlyof=singhighpraisefor=thinkwellof把……考慮在內(nèi)oconsideration=oaccountmusicMUSIC漢語高級短語有資格的;有能力的;勝任的befitfor=beequalto=bequalifiedfor=becompetentin參加takepartin/participatein一些如何……的建議someadvice/tips/suggestionsonhowto...對……感到緊張feelnervous/anxiousabout克服緊張;緩解焦慮ease/overcome/getovernervousness/relieveanxiety樹立信心;對自己有信心buildupconfidence/haveconfidenceinoneself/beconfidentaboutoneself對……有益的beofbenefit=bebeneficialtomusicMUSIC漢語高級短語對……有害的;對……有損害的doharmto/dodamageto=beharmfulto接觸到;有機會使用gain/haveaccessto=beaccessibleto對某人(不)方便的beconvenient/inconvenientforsb.=bringconvenience/inconveniencetosb.對……有影響/作用haveaneffect/influence/impacton.../makeadifferenceto...musicMUSIC【典型例句】

①Forexample,paper-cuttingandChineseknotsareallfeasiblemethodsofintroducingourculture,whichare

also

more

convenient

to

organize(更方便組織).②Thereasonswhy

I

am

qualified

for

the

job(我能勝任這份工作的原因)areasfollows.musicMUSIC【拓展訓練】

①_____________________(我認為),it’struethatcellphonesbringuslotsofbenefitsandconvenience,butonlywhenthey’reusedmore_____________(恰當?shù)?cantheyserveusbetter.

②Allmyteachersandclassmates_______________________________(高度贊揚我的熟練)inbothChineseandEnglish.

③_________________________________________________(考慮到你的全部要求),IfirmlybelieveI’mtherightpersonyou’relookingfor.

FrommypointofviewappropriatelysinghighpraiseformyproficiencyTakingallyourrequirementsintoaccount/considerationmusicMUSIC④Asforaccommodation,IprefertolivewithalocalfamilybecauseIwanttoimprovemyEnglishand__________________________________________(近距離體驗真實的美國文化).

⑤Youareoptimisticaboutlifeandalwayshaveconfidence,whateverdifficultyyoumay__________(遇見),whichhelpsyoustandoutamongtheclassmates.⑥_____________________________________________(隨著人們生活水平的提高),cellphonesarefloodingintoourlife.

⑦Wearesorryforany_________________________________(我們給你帶來的不便).Thanksforyourunderstanding.

experienceauthenticAmericanculturecloseupencounterWiththeimprovementofpeople’slivingstandardsinconveniencethatwe’llbringtoyoumusicMUSIC⑧Nowadays,thesmartphoneshavefoundtheirwaytoeveryfamilyandareplayingaveryimportantroleinourlife.Theyarebeneficialtousinmanyways.However,theyalso__________________________________(有害于我們的身心健康).

⑨Inaddition,seldomdoIhavetimetokeepmyparentscompany,soIdecidetohelpmyparentswithsomehousework______________________________________(緩解他們的壓力),whichIthinkisofbenefitto________________________(加強關系)betweenmyfamilymembers.

doharmtousphysicallyandmentallytorelease/ease/lessen/reducetheirpressureenhancingtherelationshipmusicMUSIC【語篇填空】

根據(jù)所給信息補全短文,并注意高級詞匯的使用。DearPeter,________________________(我非