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8BU910知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總U9一、重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解.1 Haveyoueverbeentoasciencemuseum?你曾經(jīng)去過科學(xué)博物館嗎?Yes,Ihave.是的,我去過。1)ever曾經(jīng),用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的疑問句和否定句中Haveyoueverseenthefilm?No,never.你曾經(jīng)看過這個(gè)電影嗎?沒有,從沒看過。2)have/hasbeento/have/hasgoneto/have/hasbeenin辨析:①have/hasbeento+地名“曾經(jīng)去過某地”,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)回到原地。HehasbeentoEnglandtwice.他曾經(jīng)去過英國兩次。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在英國了)②havegoneto“已經(jīng)去某地了”,某人去了某地還沒回來。HehasgonetoEngland。他已去英國了。(到達(dá)英國或在去英國的路上)③havebeenin+地點(diǎn)“在某地呆多久”,常與時(shí)間段搭配。IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我在上海三年了。2 Meneither我也沒有。表示“也”的知識(shí)歸納:主語+neitherA.否定句中的“也”neither+助動(dòng)詞/be+主語完整的否定句后加either,但要加逗號(hào)隔開。主語+tooB.肯定句中的“也”so+助動(dòng)詞/be+主語完整的肯定句后加too,且要用逗號(hào)隔開。3 It’sreallyinteresting,isn’tit?它真的很有趣,難道不有趣嗎?反意疑問句/附加疑問句:前肯后否,前否后肯?;卮穑簓es后面接肯定句,no后面否定句,yes不一定翻譯成“是”,no不一定翻譯成“不是”Youarenotdoctor,areyou?你們不是醫(yī)生,對(duì)嗎?Yes,weare.不,我們是。/No,wearen’t.是的,我們不是4 It’sunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!科技進(jìn)步如此之快真是難以置信。such&so的辨析so修飾形容詞或副詞,such修飾名詞MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.我哥哥跑得如此之快,我都跟不上他。so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞Hetoldussuchafunnystory.他給我們講了如此有趣的一個(gè)故事。5 acoupleofacoupleof意為“少數(shù);幾個(gè)”。Heboughtacoupleofbooksforhisdaughter.他為他的女兒買了幾本書。6 Itcouldplaychessevenbetterthanhumans.它下象棋甚至比人類都要好。evenbetterthan...甚至比...更好,even修飾比較級(jí),七強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。形容詞和副詞前還可用far,much,still,alot,alittle,abit等來修飾Sheisfar/muchbetteratwritingthanme.他的寫作比我好多了。源:Z|xx|k.]7 ForthousandsoftouristsfromChina,thissmallislandinSoutheastAsiaisawonderfulandsafeplacetotakeaholiday.對(duì)來自中國成千上萬的游客來說,這個(gè)位于東南亞的小島是一個(gè)度假的好地方8 Ilearnedabouttheinventionsthatledtocolormovies,too.我還了解了一些發(fā)明物,它們成就了彩色電影。1)learnv.學(xué)習(xí)。learn的新含義。表示“了解,獲知,得知”learnabout/ofsth.了解到...,獲知...,得知...。Ifinallylearnedaboutthetruth.我終于得知了真相。2)leadvi.促使,導(dǎo)致,引出。(過去式與過去分詞均為為led)①leadtosth導(dǎo)致……Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoften

leadto

illness.過量的工作和過少的休息會(huì)引起疾病。②leadsb.tosw引導(dǎo)某人去某地Thetourguideledustomanydiffernetplaces.導(dǎo)游帶我們?nèi)チ撕芏嗟胤?。③leadsb.todosth引導(dǎo)某人干某事Heleadsustoworkhard.他帶著我們努力工作。3)acolormovie一部彩色電影9 Theyhaveinformationaboutdifferentputersandwhoinventedthem.他們掌握了關(guān)于不同電腦以及其發(fā)明者的信息。information信息;資料辨析:information/message/news①information指電視、電腦或其它媒介等獲得的信息,為不可數(shù)名詞;②message“消息、口信、電報(bào)”指書面、口頭、無線電等傳來的信息,為可數(shù)名詞;③news“新聞;消息”,指通過報(bào)紙、電臺(tái)、電視等新聞媒介報(bào)道的最新消息,為不可數(shù)名詞。10 Fishsleepwiththeireyesopen.魚睡覺的時(shí)候睜著眼睛。“with+名詞+形容詞/介詞短語”在句中用作伴隨狀語。Don’tsleepwithwindowsopen.不要開著窗戶睡覺。11 Oureyesarethesamesizefrombirth,butournoseandearsneverstopgrowing.我們的眼睛和出生的時(shí)候一樣大,但鼻子和耳朵從來都沒有停止生長stopgrowing“停止生長”。stopdoingsth.意為“停止做某事”,指停止正在做的事情。Stopdoingyourhomeworkandhaveacupofcoffee.停止寫家庭作業(yè),來喝杯咖啡吧。①stoptodosth.意為“停下來去做某事”Iamtootired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我太累了,讓我們停下來休息一下吧。②stopsb.(from)doingsth.意為“阻止某人做某事”。Wemuststopthesestudents(from)smoking.我們必須阻止這些學(xué)生吸煙。12 TheSunisabout1,300,000timeslargerthantheEarth.太陽大約是地球的1,300,000倍。1)句中的“Sun”與“Earth”首字母要大寫,指的是在談?wù)撎煳膶W(xué)中的星球。而我們平時(shí)提及“太陽”“地球”時(shí),則不用大寫。另外“sun”和“earth”前均有定冠詞“the”,是因?yàn)椤疤枴薄暗厍颉笔鞘澜缟溪?dú)一無二的事物。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2)time此處為可數(shù)名詞,意為“倍”,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.這把尺子是那把尺子的3倍長。time還可作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“時(shí)間”。此時(shí),time不能用many,few或afew等來修飾,而用much,little或alittle等來修飾。Thereisalittletime.Pleasehurryup.還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間,請(qǐng)趕快些。time用作可數(shù)名詞,還可意為“次”。3次threetimesHowmanytimeshaveyoureadthebook?這本書你讀過多少遍了?13 Nobodyreplied.沒人回答。1)nobody不定代詞,意為“無人,沒有人;沒有任何人”。nobody做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Thereisnobodyintheclassroomnow.現(xiàn)在教室里沒有人。2)reply此處用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“回答;答復(fù)”,其過去式為replied.Ioftenreplytomypenfriend’slettersinEnglish.我經(jīng)常用英語回復(fù)我筆友的來信。14 Icampedinthemountainswithsomefriends.我和一些朋友們?cè)谏街兴逘I。1)campn.營地(可數(shù))2)campvi.宿營,露營,扎營。gocamping去露營,去宿營。Ihaveneverbeencamping.我從未野營過。3)該例句中又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的時(shí)態(tài)稱為“現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”。這一時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/hasbeen+doing”,表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)至今的動(dòng)作,并且還很有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。15 Iwonderhowmuchmoreputerswillbeabletodointhefuture.我很想知道未來的電腦還能夠做些什么事情。1)此句從句部分的原始結(jié)構(gòu)是:Howmuchmorewillputersbeabletodointhefuture?是對(duì)陳述句puterswillbeabletodomuchmoreinthefuture.(電腦將來能夠做更多的事情。)的提問。由于充當(dāng)了wonder的賓語,變?yōu)榱速e語從句,因此原始結(jié)構(gòu)改成了陳述句的結(jié)構(gòu):howmuchmoreputerswillbeabletodointhefuture。2)wonderv.(對(duì)某事)感到疑惑,想要知道,想弄明白,琢磨。wonder后面常接一般疑問句的賓語從句或特殊疑問句的賓語從句。Iwonderhowthey’regettingon.我想知道他們現(xiàn)在過得怎樣。16 I’verecentlybeentoaveryunusualmuseuminIndia,theInternationalMuseumofToilets.我最近去了一個(gè)十分不同尋常的印度的博物館,國際廁所博物館。recentlyadv.最近,近來。置于句首且逗號(hào)隔開。(前面加上more表示時(shí)間上距離現(xiàn)在要更加近。)Recently,hehelpsmealot.最近他幫我?guī)偷耐Χ嗟摹V糜谥鷦?dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。(此種用法中一般不在recently前加more)IhaverecentlybeentoShanghai.我最近去了上海。17 Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,soyoucansimplyspeakPutonghuaalotofthetime.一方面,華人占到了人口的四分之三還多,因此,大部分時(shí)間里你只要講普通話就可以。1)population集合名詞,意為“人口,人口總數(shù)”,常與the連用。(此時(shí),若population作主語,可將其視作整體,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。若主語表示“人口的百分之幾或幾分之幾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。)ThepopulationofChinaisverylarge.中國的人口總數(shù)十分巨大。2)populationn.人口,人口總數(shù)。(可數(shù))描述某一個(gè)地區(qū)的人口或人口總數(shù)時(shí)可用作普通的可數(shù)名詞,此時(shí)用單數(shù)。描述多個(gè)地區(qū)的人口或總數(shù)時(shí),可用作普通的可數(shù)名詞,此時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。描述人口數(shù)量時(shí)可用形容詞big/large,small來修飾,用于表示其人口總數(shù)的大小ChinahasabiggerpopulationthantheUS.中國有著比美國更大的人口。3)Putonghua專有名詞,意為“普通話”。(中國話中有著許多方言的,而中國的官方語言是普通話)speakPutonghua動(dòng)詞詞組,意為“說普通話”。4)simplyadv.簡(jiǎn)單的,僅僅(需要),只(需要)。(用法:置于助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前)Youcansimplypushthebutton.你只需要簡(jiǎn)單的按下按鈕即可。5)quartern.四分之一,一刻鐘。(可數(shù))threequarters=threefourths意為“四分之三”。Ⅰ.當(dāng)分子為1時(shí),one可以寫為a。onethird=athird三分之一 onefifth=afifth五分之一Ⅱ.當(dāng)分母為2時(shí),second可以寫為half。onesecond=asecond=onehalf=ahalf二分之一Ⅲ.當(dāng)分母為4時(shí),fourth可寫為quarter,fourths可寫為quarters.onefourth=onequarter=afourth=aquarter四分之一threefourths=threequarters四分之三Ⅳ.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)詞后面的名詞來確定.Onefifthofthewaterisdirty.五分之一的水是臟的。Threefifthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.我們班五分之三的學(xué)生是女生。18 Youwon’thaveanyproblemgettingrice,noodlesordumplings.你將會(huì)毫不費(fèi)力的找到米飯、面條或餃子。haveproblem(s)(in)doing(sth.)=havetrouble/difficulty/difficulties(in)doing(sth.)意為“做某事遇到困難或麻煩”。Theyhadproblem(s)/trouble/difficulty/difficultiesingettinghere.他們到達(dá)這兒遇到困難了。19 Writeanarticletoadvertiseyourhometownoraplaceyouhavebeento.寫一篇文章來為你的家鄉(xiāng)或是一個(gè)你曾經(jīng)去過的地方打廣告。1)該例句中包含了一個(gè)定語從句。先行詞為place,關(guān)系代詞that被省略了,關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)了介詞to的賓語。2)advertisev.宣傳,為...做/打廣告。advertisesth.宣傳...,為...做/打廣告。Ohmygod!Thebeansherearesodelicious.Iamgoingtoadvertisethem.我的天呀!這里的豆子是如此的美味。我打算為它們打廣告。3)hometownn.家鄉(xiāng),故鄉(xiāng)。(可數(shù))二、單元語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(2)1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和時(shí)間副詞ever,never等連用。ever意為“曾經(jīng)”,常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句或疑問句。常位于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后,過去分詞之前。never意為“從不;從未”,表示否定含義。也位于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后,過去分詞之前。2)have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto與have/hasbeenin/at辨析:havebeento,havegoneto與havebeenin/at①havebeento曾經(jīng)去過,現(xiàn)已回來,可接次數(shù)HehasbeentoBeijing3times.他去過北京三次。②havegoneto到某地去了,尚未回來,通常不用第一人稱She’snothere.ShehasgonetoQingdao.她不在這兒。她去了青島。③havebeenin/at在某地待了多長時(shí)間,常接時(shí)間HehasbeeninLondonforhalfayear.他在倫敦待了半年了。3)has/havebeenin+組織加入某一組織...時(shí)間了Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.我哥哥參軍兩年了。4)has/havebeen+adj./n.呈現(xiàn)…狀態(tài)Thenewlibraryhasbeenopenforaweek.這家新圖書館已經(jīng)開放一周了。Theyhavebeenfriendsforthreeyears.他們成為朋友三年了。U10一、重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解.1 Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeople

inneed.你也能捐贈(zèng)舊東西給那些需要的人們。inneed

需要;需求Afriend

inneed

isafriendindeed.

患難見真情

2 BecauseI

don’t

readit

anymore.因?yàn)槲也挥迷僮x了。辨析:nomore/nolonger不再

①nolonger=not…anylonger強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作“不再延續(xù)”,

與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用Hecan

nolonger

walk.=Hecan’t

walk

anylonger.他再也不能走路了。②nomore=not...anymore強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量和程度“不再增加”,

與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用當(dāng)修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),nolonger通常置于be或行為動(dòng)詞前;nomore一般置于行為動(dòng)詞后。

③not...anylonger與not...anymore常置于句末。Thelittlegirl

nomore

cried.=Thelittlegirl

didn’t

cry

anymore.這個(gè)女孩再也不哭了。3 BecauseI’vehadit

since

Iwasababy.

因?yàn)樽詮奈液苄〉臅r(shí)候我就有它了。since+從句(一般過去時(shí)),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.自從他來到我們學(xué)校,他就一直努力學(xué)習(xí)。4 I’vehadthismagazinefor

acoupleof

months.我擁有這本雜志已經(jīng)幾個(gè)月了。acoupleof

幾個(gè);一些=afew

后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)acoupleof“一對(duì)”,尤指夫妻、情侶I’llbebackin

acoupleof

days.幾天后我就回來了。5 Whatwillthey

dowith

themoneytheyraisefromthesale?他們要用賣東西籌集來的錢做什么?辨析:dowith/dealwith①dowith “處理;安置”,強(qiáng)調(diào)處理的對(duì)象,常與what連用 Idon’tknowwhattodowiththeseletters.我不知道怎么去處理這些信件。②dealwith“處理;應(yīng)付”,強(qiáng)調(diào)處理的方式、方法,常與how連用 Hetaughtmehowtodealwithpressure.他教我怎么去處理壓力。6 Wecanoftenguesswhatatextisabout

byusing

whatwealreadyknow.我們通??梢杂迷械闹R(shí)來猜測(cè)一篇文章寫的是什么。by的用法①by

doing

sth

通過…方式

bystudyingwithagroup通過小組學(xué)習(xí)介詞短語作方式狀語,回答以how開頭的問句,

表示“怎樣做”。②by+

交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定詞)

bybike騎車

bytrain坐火車③短語:bytheway

順便問一下

byaccident=bychance

偶然地

bymistake

錯(cuò)誤地onebyone

一個(gè)接一個(gè)

stepbystep

一步一步地

littlebylittle

逐漸地7 However,othersmayonlyseeit

onceortwice

ayear.但是,其他的人或許一年只能看到一兩次。onceortwice

一兩次once=onetime一次

twice=twotimes

兩次三次或三次以上用:“基數(shù)詞+times”

threetimes

三次

fourtimes

四次

threeorfourtimes

三到四次8 Iusedto

return

homeatleastonceayear,butIhaven’t

beenback

foralmostthreeyearsnow.

過去我至少一年回一次家,但是我差不多三年沒有回去了。1)return

v

回;返回

Hereturnedhomeyesterday.他昨天回家。returnv

歸還;放回

Hereturnedherbook.他把書還過來。2)beback

返回

(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),若表示“回到某地”

則要在其后加介詞to)Weareallhappytobebacktoschoolafterthelongholiday.長假過后,我們開心的返回學(xué)校。9 a46yearoldhusbandandfather一個(gè)46歲的帥氣爸爸46yearold是復(fù)合形容詞,這種形容詞有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):一是詞與詞之間要用連字符連接;二是數(shù)詞之后的名詞用單數(shù)形式。athreemeterlongline一條三米長的繩子10 Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?你擁有這輛車多久了?howlong意為“多長時(shí)間”,詢問某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久,故句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。HowlongdoyouwatchTV?你看電視多長時(shí)間了?11 Amythinksit’shardtosellheroldthings.艾米覺得把她的舊東西賣出去很難。Itis/was+adj.+todosth.意為“做某事是…的”,todosth.為句子的真正的主語,而it為形式主語,形式主語不能用別的詞來代替,句中可在形容詞后加forsb.,意為“對(duì)于某人來說,做某事是…的”。It’simportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.對(duì)我們來說,學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是相當(dāng)重要的。12 Buthealsothinkssomethingswillneverchange,andhishometownisstilltheplacethatholdsallhischildhoodmemories.但是他覺得有些東西永遠(yuǎn)不變,他的家鄉(xiāng)任然會(huì)承載著他的兒童的記憶。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,somethings至句末為賓語從句,作thinks的賓語。在該賓語從句中包含由and連接的兩個(gè)分句,在第二個(gè)分句中,“thatholdsallhischildhoodmemories”是定語從句,修飾先行詞place。關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可用that或which,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that或which也可省略。Ilikeclothesthat/whichareunusual.我喜歡與眾不同的衣服。二、單元語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(3)1)概念:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果,也可以表示過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2)時(shí)間狀語:①just,already,yet,ever,recently,before,twice,threetimes,sofar,uptonow,tillnow②since+(過去時(shí)間)時(shí)間點(diǎn),since+一段時(shí)間+ago,與since+從句(從句用一般過去時(shí)),sinceyesterday,sincelastweek,sincelastspring,since1949,sincehalfanhourago,sinceIbecameateacher③for+一時(shí)間段,foranhour,fortwodays,forthreeweeks,forfourmonths,forfiveyears④inthelastfewhours,inthelastfewdays,inthelastfewyears3)謂語構(gòu)成:have/has+過去分詞4)用法說明:①表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,常與just,already,yet,recently,before,twice,threetimes等時(shí)間狀語連用,Haveyouseenmybag?你看到我的手提包了嗎?(你知道它在哪里?)②表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,常與“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,“for+一時(shí)間段”,及howlong,(ever)since,ever,before,sofar,inthelast/pastfewyears,uptonow,tillnow等時(shí)間狀語連用。I’vehadacoldsincelastFriday.自上星期五起我就感冒了。注意:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞leave,arrive,e,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成時(shí),在肯定句中不能與for或since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用。但其在否定式是可與這類時(shí)間狀語連用的。如:Ihaven’tmethimfortwoyears.我兩年沒有遇見他了。⑤瞬間動(dòng)詞不可以用于有段時(shí)間的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中,因此,若要解決這一問題,就應(yīng)把它改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語,主要有以下幾種:Ⅰ.用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如:buy→have borrow→keep bee→be begintoteach→teachputon→wearcatchacold→haveacoldgetto know→know Ⅱ.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞,如:join→beamemberofgotoschool→beastudentⅢ.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞,如:die→bedead leave→beaway begin/start→beon finish/end/over→beoverfallasleep→beasleep open→beopen close→beclosed getup→beupⅣ.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語,如:eto/goto/arrivein(at)/getto/reach…→bein/at…jointhearmy→beinthearmy(軍隊(duì))Jimhasjoinedtheband.吉姆已經(jīng)加入那樂隊(duì)了。Ⅴ.在否定句中,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以與時(shí)間段連用。Jimhasn’tebackforayear.吉姆已有一年沒回來了。⑥表示從過去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的事情或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常常和never,ever,once,twice,threetimes,before等連用。HehaseverbeentotheParistwice.他曾經(jīng)去過巴黎兩次。(反復(fù)發(fā)生)⑦用于This/That/Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…句型中。ItisthesecondtimethatshehasetoChina.這是她第二次來中國。⑧用于This/That/Itis+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that…句型中。Thisisthebestfilmthathehasmade.這是他制作的最好的電影。⑨havegoneto與havebeentoⅠ.havegoneto到...去了,關(guān)鍵是人已離開出發(fā)地,至于到達(dá)目的地了沒有則無從知道。Jackisawayonholiday.HehasgonetoFrance.杰克去度假,他到法國去了。Ⅱ.havebeento到...去過,關(guān)鍵是到過某地,而且又已經(jīng)離開了那個(gè)地方。MrChenisbackhomefromholiday.HehasbeentoBeijing.陳先生度假回來了,他去了北京。⑩用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。Iwillwaituntilhehaswrittenhisletter.我會(huì)一直等到他把信寫完。?Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceJimcameback.吉姆回來已經(jīng)有一個(gè)月了。?一段時(shí)間+haspassed+since從句FourMonthshaspassedsincehelefthome.他離開家四個(gè)月了。5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種常見的句型轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成一般過去時(shí),還可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since從句(用一般過去時(shí))”或“時(shí)間段+haspassed+since從句”等句型。Jimhasbeenbackforamonth.吉姆已經(jīng)回來一個(gè)月了。=Jimcamebackamonthago.吉姆一個(gè)月前就回來了。=Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceJimcameback.自吉姆回來已經(jīng)有一個(gè)月了。=AmonthhaspassedsinceJimcameback.自吉姆回來一個(gè)月已經(jīng)過去了。6)一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。②一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just,already,ever,never等副詞和since......,for......等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,而一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系,只是說明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去。Ihavewashedthecar.我洗過了車。(看上去很漂亮)④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去,而一般過去時(shí)則單純表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)歷。Ithasrainedforfivehours.雨已經(jīng)下了5個(gè)小時(shí)了。同步練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)1.It’ssunnyandwindytoday.It’sthebesttime______akite.A.tofly B.fly C.flying D.flies2.—Whydothestudentsgetso______?—Becausetheyheardthe______news.A.exciting;excited B.excited;excitingC.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited3.Ifthetemperaturedropsbelow0℃,waterwill______.A.freezed B.freeze C.frozen D.froze4.Summeris______favoriteseason.Ashe B.her C.hers D.herself5.Itisdifficult______thetaskwithintwohours.A.ofhimtofinish B.forhimtofinishC.ofhimfinishing D.forhimfinishing6.Thecookies_____good.CouldIhavesomemore?A.taste B.smell C.feel D.sound7.OnthebeachIwaslucky_____myfavoriteactorJackieChartA.tomeet B.meeting C.meets D.met8.Toomuchjunkfoodisnotgood_____yourhealth,Millie.A.for B.to C.with D.at9.Youdon’tneedtobuyapples.Thereare_____applesathome.A.few B.a(chǎn)few C.little D.a(chǎn)little10.Myfatherusedthatknife_____thepear.A.tocut B.cutting C.cut D.cuts11.Don’tforget_____yourpenwithyou,Mike.A.totake B.take C.takes D.took12.Therearelotsof_____ontheground.A.leaf B.leaves C.book D.boy13.WiththehelpoftheInternet,informationcan______everycorneroftheworldquickly.A.go B.land C.reach D.a(chǎn)rrive14.______timegoesby,herealizestheimportanceoflearningEnglish.A.As B.With C.By D.Along15.______excellentbasketballplayerJeremyLin(林書豪)is!Ireallylovethistalentedguy.A.How B.What C.Howa D.Whatan二、完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)ItiswellknownthattheEnglishgooutwithanumbrellaoraraincoat.Why?1theweatherinBritainoftenchangesquickly.Itisnotveryusualforthesamekindofweatherto2long.Springcanberainyorwindy,3theweatherisgettingwarmerandyoucanhopemoresunnydays.Infact,there4asmuchsunshineinspringasinsummer.Summeris5timeforvisitorstogototheseasideandotherplacesofinterest.Theweathercanbesunnyandnice.Peopleoftengoouttohaveawalkorswim.Autumnisabeautifulseason,6treesinthewoodsandparkschangingcolors.Duringautumnitisstillnicetobeoutside,too.Inwinter,itgetscolder.Itmightsnow,especiallyonthehighlandsinthenorth.Thereare7verystrongwindsinthisseason.JanuaryandFebruaryarethecoldest8oftheyear,whilethewarmer9oftenJulyandAugust.Thedifference10temperaturebetweenwinterandsummerisnotsogreatinBritain.Theaverage(平均)temperatureforwinterisabout4.5℃,andforsummerabout15.5℃.1.A.For B.As C.Because D.Since2.A.make B.stay C.change D.take.3.A.but B.a(chǎn)nd C.or D.for4.A.may B.maybe C.have D.mayhave5.A.theearliest B.thelatest C.theworst D.thebest6.A.with B.1ike C.without D.from7.A.a(chǎn)lso B.too C.either D.a(chǎn)swell8.A.seasons B.weather C.months D.monthes9.A.is B.a(chǎn)re C.was D.were10.A.for B.on C.by D.in三、閱讀理解AINVITATIONTOAGOINGAWAYPARTYFriday,22ndMarchDearMichaelandLisa,Youareinvitedtoafarewellforthe“LIUFAMILY’SVISITTOAUSTRALIA”Departuredate:4thofMayThebestpartofourbigadventuretoAustraliawillbewhenweefacetofacewithcrocodiles,dolphins,kangaroosandotherAustralianwildlife.Wehavealwayswantedtodothis.Partygivenby:Mr.andMrs.Liu,LiuMeiandLiuTangDate:Saturday,6April1996Time:7:00p.m.until10:30p.m.Place:ElectricalWorkersBuildingKangnangu,BeijingReplyby:Tuesday,2ndAprilPhone:5280903Foodanddrinkswillbeprovidedattheparty.ThiseventisNOTtobemissed!Wehopetoseeyouthere!1.Whowasthisinvitationsentto?A.LiuMei. B.LiuTang.C.Mr.andMrs.LiuTang. D.MichaelandLisa.2.Whattimedoesthepartyfinish?A.7:00a.m. B.10:30a.m. C.7:00p.m. D.10:30p.m.3.Bywhatdateisitnecessarytoreplytotheinvitation?A.22ndMarch. B.2ndApril. C.4thMay. D.2ndAugust.4.WhatdotheLiuFamilywishtoseemostofallontheirtriptoAustralia?A.Countryside. B.Animals. C.People. D.Cities.5.Fromtheinvitationwecantellthat________.A.onlyMr.andMrs.LiuwilltraveltoAustraliaB.theLiufamilywillnotreturnfromAustraliaC.theLiufamilyhavebeentoAustraliabeforeD.LiuMeiandLiuTangwillattendthefarewellpartyBDifferentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluences(影響)health,intelligenceandfeelings.InAugust,itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartofAmerica.Peopletherehavehearttroubleandotherkindsofhealthproblemsinthismonth.IntheNortheastandtheMiddleWest,sometimesitisveryhotandinothertimeitisverycold.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryorMarch.Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample,ina1983reportbyscientists,theIQsofagroupofstudentswereveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame,butafterthestrongwind,theirIQswere10%lower.Thewindcanhelppeoplehavehigherintelligence.Veryhotweather,ontheotherhand,canmakeitlower.StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear(JulyandAugust).Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople’sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.Theyusuallyfeelcoldinthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyincoldweather.Butfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimeinhotsummer.Atabout18℃,peoplebeestronger.Lowairpressuremaymakepeopleforgetful.Peopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlowairpressuredays.Thereisa“goodweather”forintelligenceandhealth.Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18℃.Areyoufeelingsad,tired,forgetful,orunhappytoday?Itmaybetheweather’sproblem.1.Thispassagetellsusit’s______inthesouthernpartofAmericainAugust.A.hotandwet B.hotanddryC.dryandwindy D.coolandrainy2.Theunderlinedword“intelligence”inthepassagemeans“______”inChinese.A.財(cái)富 B.記憶 C.智力 D.生活3.Fromthepassagewecaninformthatpeoplemaybeillmoreoftenwhen_______.A.theweatherishotandwet B.theweatherchangesgreatlyC.theweatheriswarm D.theweatherisalwayscold4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thinpeoplemightfeeltiredincoldweather.B.Fatpeoplemayfeelhardatabout18℃.C.Apersonmay

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