2025版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)高考語法與寫作專題4介詞和介詞短語教學(xué)案外研版

PAGEPAGE1專題四介詞和介詞短語(一)語法講練——過學(xué)問關(guān)要點(diǎn)一常用介詞1．方位介詞(1)圖解常見的方位介詞(2)along,through,across,over(3)at,on,to,in(4)between,among①between在……之間(指兩者)，常和and連用。Thebuildingstandsbetweentheparkandthesmallriver.那棟樓位于公園和小河之間。②among在……之間(指三者或三者以上)。We'llvisitatownamongthemountains.我們將要參觀一個被群山環(huán)繞的小鎮(zhèn)。[名師指津]假如指三個及三個以上的人或物中的每兩個之間，仍舊要用between。SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Italy,AustriaandGermany.瑞士位于法國、意大利、奧地利和德國之間。2．時間介詞(1)in,afterin表時間，常表示“在……之內(nèi)”，有時in還有“在……之后”的意思，但表示此意時，必需具備兩個條件：①所在句子的謂語動詞必需表將來；②后面必需是一段時間。這兩個條件缺一不行，否則用after或later。Myfatherwillbebackinthreedays.我父親將在三天以后回來。Myfatherwillbebackafterthreeo'clock.我父親將在3點(diǎn)后回來。Myfathercamebackafterthreedays/threedayslater.我父親是三天后回來的。(2)for,since介詞用法for接時間段，表示行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久since接時間點(diǎn)，不僅表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點(diǎn)，而且還強(qiáng)調(diào)該行為或狀態(tài)從起始點(diǎn)始終持續(xù)到說話的時刻，因而常與持續(xù)性動詞的完成時連用Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsafterhisretirement.布朗先生喜愛鄉(xiāng)村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。Tomhasbeendoinghishomeworksinceseveno'clock.湯姆從7點(diǎn)起先就始終做他的家庭作業(yè)。(3)during,through,over①during指某個動作或狀態(tài)在某個時間段里或整個過程中斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地發(fā)生過多次，或在整個時間段里的某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生過，起止時間比較明顯。Heoftenfallsasleepduringtheclass.課堂上他經(jīng)常打瞌睡。②through：在……期間；從……開頭到結(jié)尾(所指時間包括在內(nèi)，此時與throughout相同)。Tomboreupwellunderthestrainofsupportinghisfamilythroughhisfather'sillness.在他父親生病期間，湯姆堅毅地?fù)纹鹆损B(yǎng)家的壓力。③over：在(做)……期間；此外，over還有“貫穿(一時間段)”的意思，相當(dāng)于during。Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea.我們一邊喝茶一邊開心地閑聊。3．表示工具、手段、方式的介詞(1)by,in,on三個詞都可以表示旅行的方式。①不涉及交通工具的名詞前用by，名詞前不帶冠詞。如：bysea,bywater,byland,byair等。②涉及交通工具的名詞前用by，名詞需用單數(shù)，其前面不加冠詞和任何修飾語。如：bybike，bytaxi，byplane，byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceship等。③當(dāng)旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具時，用on或in，名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語。如：traveltoNewYorkonthisplane,gotoschoolonmybike等。[名師指津]步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用on。如：onfoot，onhorseback/onahorse,onacamel等。(2)with,in①with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞等修飾。Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.我們用眼睛看，用耳朵聽，用腿走路。②ineq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(原料、顏料、語言、鋼筆、鉛筆等,大、小寫字母))PleaseanswermeinEnglish.請用英語回答我。Theartistwroteinink/pencil(＝withapen/apencil)．那個藝術(shù)家用鋼筆/鉛筆寫字。③留意以下固定短語：on/overthetelephone/radio通過電話/廣播eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inthis/thatway,bythis/thatmeans,withthis/thatmethod))用這/那種方式4．表示緣由的介詞介詞用法with多用于表示心情的形容詞或身體動作或狀態(tài)的動詞之后，表示某種心理或心理狀態(tài)的緣由for多與表示感情的抽象名詞或動名詞及reason，famous等詞連用from常接抽象名詞，表示自然或間接緣由of用于某些形容詞后，后接與感情相關(guān)的人或事over常用于帶有感情色調(diào)的動詞如：cry，quarrel，laugh，sigh等詞之后，敘述所發(fā)生事情的緣由Herfacewentredwithanger.她氣得臉都紅了。TheWestLakeisfamousforitsscenery.西湖以它的景色而著名。5．其他常考的介詞(1)except,exceptfor,but,besides,apartfromHeansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastone.除最終一個問題沒有回答外，其余全部問題他都回答了。Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.這篇作文寫得很好，只是有些拼法錯誤。NoonebutKarlwentthere.除卡爾外，沒有人去那里。(2)against的用法(3)beyond的用法(4)with的用法[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife________walking,cyclingorswimming.[解析]考查介詞。依據(jù)句中的more可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞引出比較對象。此處表示跑步比漫步、騎行或游泳更能有效地延長壽命。故填than。[答案]than2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Cornuseslesswater________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.[解析]考查介詞。由空前l(fā)ess可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞than，表示“比”。[答案]than3．(2024·浙江卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.[解析]考查介詞。依據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞for表示“目的”。[答案]for4．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand________work.[解析]此處是指“當(dāng)他們來回上下班時”?？忌匠６嘤胒rom...to...連接起始點(diǎn)。[答案]from5．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.[解析]用手吃飯，應(yīng)用介詞with。[答案]withⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·北京卷改編)—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentatnextWednesdayafternoon.____________[解析]考查介詞。依據(jù)句意：——早上好，李先生的辦公室?！缟虾谩Ｎ蚁腩A(yù)約下星期三下午。依據(jù)語境可知，此處用介詞for表示“支配或預(yù)約于(某時間)。”[答案]at→for2．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.____________[解析]inthemiddleof意為“在……的中間”，故把on改為of。此處為“道路的中心”，表示所屬關(guān)系，而on后跟地點(diǎn)表示“在……上面”，此題只要熟識介詞本意就不存在解題的障礙。[答案]on→of3．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)NowIamleavinghometocollege.____________[解析]考查短語leaveforsomeplace“離開去……”，故把to改為for。[答案]to→for4．(2024·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandainmorethantwoyears.____________[解析]考查短語for＋時間段，故應(yīng)用介詞in改為for。[答案]in→for5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.____________[解析]in表示“在……里面”，依據(jù)句意把on改為in。[答案]on→in要點(diǎn)二常見介詞的搭配1．介詞與動詞構(gòu)成的搭配takeadvantageof利用thanksb.forsth.為某事感謝某人haveaneffecton對……有影響saygoodbyeto對……說再見contributeto貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；促成providesb.withsth.供應(yīng)某人某物holdup舉起relyon依靠referto提及；參考；查閱passby經(jīng)過careabout關(guān)切；介意feellike想要callfor須要payfor為……付款applyfor申請beginwith以……起先2．介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配(1)at＋n.表示狀態(tài)ataloss不知所措atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)atwar在斗爭中atwork在工作(2)其他以at開頭的介詞短語atthebeginningof在……的起先atthecostof以……的代價attheriskof冒……的危急atthemercyof在……支配下；任由……擺布(3)on＋n.表示狀態(tài)onexhibition/show/display在展出onfire著火onsale出售，打折onthedecrease/increase在削減/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假(4)其他以on開頭的介詞短語onaccountof因為onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不(5)by＋n.表示方式byaccident偶然地byair/plane乘飛機(jī)bychance偶然bycoincidence碰巧byhand用手工bymistake錯誤地bytheday按天算bynature天生地(6)in＋n.表示方式incash用現(xiàn)金付款indetail具體地inEnglish用英語indepth/height/length在深度/高度/長度上(7)其他以in開頭的介詞短語innotime立即innoway決不inplaceof代替inpossessionof擁有，占有inadditionto另外inchargeof掌管……inreturn作為回報inspiteof盡管inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成incaseof萬一；假如；假使inhonourof為向……表示敬意inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……insupportof為支持……(8)of＋n.表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)ofbenefit有好處的ofhelp有幫助的ofimportance重要的ofsignificance有意義的ofuse有用的ofvalue有價值的(9)outof＋n.表示狀態(tài)outofbalance失去平衡outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofcontrol失去限制outofdate過期outoforder發(fā)生故障outofsight看不見outofthequestion不行能outofwork失業(yè)(10)under＋n.表示被動underattack遭到攻擊underpressure在壓力下undertreatment在治療中undercontrol處于限制之中(11)with＋n.表示方式withdelight/joy興奮地withdifficulty困難地withease輕而易舉地withfear膽怯 地withpleasure樂意地(12)beyond＋n.表示“超出……，難以……”beyondcompare無與倫比beyondreach夠不到beyonddescription難以描述beyondexpression/words難以表達(dá)3．介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配nextto緊挨著insteadof代替apartfrom除……之外accordingto依據(jù)alongwith隨著togetherwith連同owingto因為butfor要不是regardlessof不管，不顧upto直到；由……而定toandfrom來回，來來回回inbetween在中間，在兩者之間[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Iwassearching________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.[解析]考查介詞。searchfor意為“找尋”，為固定搭配。[答案]for2．(2024·江蘇卷改編)China'ssoftpowergrows________linewiththeincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.[解析]考查介詞短語。依據(jù)句意：我國的軟實力的增長與我國在全球各地不斷受到的觀賞和理解是緊密相連的。inlinewith“與……緊密相連”。[答案]in3．(2024·天津卷改編)Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent________all.[解析]考查介詞短語。依據(jù)句意：鮑勃覺得自己不能參與這個派對，因為他要寫一份報告，但是最終他還是去了。這里用afterall表示“終究”。[答案]after4．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull－timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree________engineeringorarchitecture.[解析]此處表示得到一個在工程學(xué)或者建筑學(xué)方面的學(xué)位。此處考查in的本意“在……方面”?？忌赡軙`用on和about，這兩個介詞本意為“關(guān)于……”。degree與介詞in搭配，表示在某方面的學(xué)位。[答案]in5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocused________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.[解析]focuson“集中于”，故填on。[答案]onⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegameforthemsometimes.____________[解析]考查介詞。表示“和某人玩……”，習(xí)慣用play...withsb.，故將for改為with。[答案]for→with2．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.____________[解析]dreamof/about“幻想”，故在dream后加of/about。[答案]在dream后加of/about3．(2024·四川卷)Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.____________[解析]及物動詞后干脆跟賓語，無需加介詞，故把with去掉[答案]去掉with4．(2024·陜西卷)Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.____________[解析]last,next后跟名詞表時間時前面無需加介詞，故把in去掉。[答案]去掉in5．(2024·陜西卷)Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.____________[解析]shootat“朝……射擊”，故把on改為at。[答案]on→at(二)語法寫作——過應(yīng)用關(guān)介詞在書面表達(dá)中的增分點(diǎn)[增分技法]正確運(yùn)用介詞，寫好句子。①演出以一段五十多歲的人耳熟能詳?shù)慕?jīng)典音樂起先。Theperformancebeganwithapieceofclassicalmusicwhichwasfamiliartopeopleintheirfifties.②我常把王海誤認(rèn)為他的雙胞胎弟弟，因為他們長得太像了。IoftenmistakeWangHaiforhistwinbrotherbecausetheylooksosimilar/verymuchalike.[巧用增分]①對父母而言，沒有什么能與孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)As_for_parents,_nothing_can_be_compared_with_their_children's_physical_and_mental_health.②盡管山高林密，醫(yī)護(hù)人員還是快速地趕到出事地點(diǎn)，實施援救。(despite)Despite_the_high_mountains_and_thick_forests,_the_doctors_and_nurses_rushed_to_the_scene_of_the_accident_to_carry_out_the_rescue.③你該就剛才的所作所為向在場的人致歉。(apologize)You_should_apologize_to_the_people_present_for_what_you_have_just_done.[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·四川綿陽模擬)Handstraps(扶手帶)________buseswerenextwith380units,followedbybathroomdoor－knobsat340.[答案]on2．Beforeyoupayavisittoaplaceofinterest,lookinyourlocallibrary________abookaboutit.[答案]for3．Manypeoplefallsomewhere________between,butmayhaveperiodswhenlevelsofstressincrease.[答案]in4．(2024·海南中學(xué)月考)Regardless________yourdream,doyourhomework.[答案]of5．(2024·廣西柳州模擬)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients________name,notcasenumber.[答案]by6．(2024·昆明模擬)Sometimesproperanswersarenotfartoseek________foodsafetyproblems.[答案]toⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·甘肅莊浪四中模擬)TherewasoneonparticularI'dalwayswanted.____________[答案]on→in2．(2024·河北武邑中學(xué)模擬)First,talktosomeoneyoutrustforhowyoufeel.____________[答案]for→about3．(2024·廣東清遠(yuǎn)模擬)It'stherelationshipamongmydeskmateandme.____________[答案]among→between4．(2024·哈爾濱六中模擬)Gradually,IbecameinterestedinbiologyandchosetolearnbiologywhenIenteredintothecollege.____________[答案]去掉into5．(2024·昆明三中模擬)Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmiles.____________[答案]第一個for→as6．(2024·桂林模擬)Sometimes,humanbeingsaretoocruelattheirbestfriends—animals.____________[答案]at→toⅢ.寫作訓(xùn)練1．運(yùn)用語法寫靚句①在他講解并描述他自己學(xué)習(xí)英語的好玩經(jīng)驗時，我們都大笑起來。(talkabout，burstinto)______________________________________________________________②在一個小時的演講期間，他問了我們一些問題。(during,ask)______________________________________________________________③我們從他那生動有啟發(fā)性的演講中學(xué)到了許多。(learn,from)______________________________________________________________④在回家的路上，我確定努力學(xué)好英語。(on,make)______________________________________________________________⑤我因我遲到向老師致歉，因為某些緣由，我拒絕了邀請。(apologize,for)______________________________________________________________⑥同時，我要把愛護(hù)環(huán)境整齊健康看作是我的職責(zé)。(regard,keep)______________________________________________________________[答案]①WhenhetalkedabouthisinterestingexperienceinleaningEnglish,weallburstintolaughter.②Duringtheone－h(huán)ourspeech,heaskedusseveralquestions.③Wehavelearnedalotfromhisvividandinstructivespeech.④Onmywayhome,ImadeupmymindtolearnEnglishwell.⑤Iapologizedtomyteacherformybeinglate.Forsomereasons,Irefusedthisinvitation.⑥Atthesametime,Iwillregarditasmydutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandhealthy.2．語法填空(2024·昆明模擬)I'vebeenavolunteeratRadioLollipopsinceMay.Itisoneofthebest①____________(experience)thatI'vehadinthelastfewyears.RadioLollipopisaninternationalcharityorganization②____________(found)in1979toprovidecare,comfort,gamesandentertainmentforchildreninhospital.Theserviceisprovided③____________(entire)byvolunteerswhohavebeenspeciallyselectedandtrainedtomakeachild'sstayinhospitalmoreinterestingandless④____________(frighten)．IhelpoutregularlyonMondayeveningsafterworkattheRoyalHospital.Mytaskistodeliverasmiletothechildrenatthewards(病房)⑤____________mightbethereforafewdaysorevenacoupleofmonths.⑥____________ishardtofindchildrenonMonday,asthecinemaatthehospitalisopenonthatday.Mostofthemtend⑦_(dá)___________(be)there.Iam⑧____________(thank)forthisopportunitytohelpchildrenatthehospitalandmaketheirstaysmorepleasant.Theexperiencealso⑨____________(help)medealwiththedifficultiesandchallengesthatI'vebeenfacedwithinmyownlife.Iamnowmorepositiveinhelpingothersandrealizethateveryonegoes⑩____________somepainandsufferingfromtimetotime.[答案]①experiences②founded③entirely④frightening⑤who/that⑥It⑦tobe⑧thankful⑨helps⑩through3．短文改錯(2024·唐山模擬)Beingateacherisalwaysbelievedtobeoneofgreatestoccupations,becauseteachersmakegreatcontributionsfortheworld.Lastweek,Igotachancetoexperienceteachingstudents.Ourschoolaskedustoteachsomekidsliveinthecountryside.Thekidswassohappythattheygavemeawarmwelcome.IteachthemEnglishandafterclass,weplayedgameshappily.Wehadalotoff