2024年高中英語必修五第一單元知識點課件及習題

必修五Unit1講義characteristicn.特性；特性指某人或某物天生有別于他人的內(nèi)部特質(zhì)Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.character（高考三大意思）1.表達人的“性格”或“品質(zhì)”Theyaretwinsbuthavequitedifferentcharacters.It's

that

kind

of

courage

and

determination

that

makes

him

such

a

remarkablecharacter

2.表達小說或戲劇等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Whoisthemaincharacterintheplay?3.表達“文字”，指書寫符號或印刷符號等，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Hewritesbeautifulcharacters.Chinesecharacter中文analysesb'scharacter

buildandformone'scharacter

radiumn.鐳paintern.畫家；油漆匠必修注意：paint做動詞兩個意思：1.繪畫2.粉刷，油漆putforward提出；把時鐘往前撥，把東西往前移（常忘掉的詞組）Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Heputforwardanewplan.Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslower.Whydon'tyou

put

yourchair

forward

togetabetterview?

putdown記下；放下；彈壓 putout熄滅putaside放在一邊；儲存；保留 putoff推遲；延期putup；舉起；張貼；搭建 puton穿上；上映，上演；增長putaway收好，整頓，歸類The

band

are

hoping

to

put

on

a

UK

show

before

the

end

of

the

year.I

can

eat

what

I

want

but

I

never

put

on

weight

We

should

put

aside

our

differences

and

discuss

the

things

we

have

in

commonscientificadj.科學的concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束drawaconclusion提出結(jié)論analysevt.分析infectvt.傳染；感染（病毒，疾病），或者污染（例如說水質(zhì)被污染不潔凈了）affecteffect辨析affect強調(diào)影響的動作，過程。（做動詞）The

divorce

affected

Jim

deeplyClimate

and

weather

affect

every

aspect

of

our

lives

effect強調(diào)影響的成果（一般做名詞，有時也動詞），常接句型：haveaneffectonsth.Ifanareaisaffectedbyflooding,theeffectcanbedevastating。infectiousadj.傳染的defeatvt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗[辨析]win,beat與defeatwin“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat“戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對手，可與defeat互換Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.expertadj.純熟的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的n. 專家；行家attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參與（照顧可加to也可不加）attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting/schoolattendto:tolookafter,carefor,serve服侍,照顧，看護Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.physiciann.醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師physicist:物理學家doctor醫(yī)生,是個通用詞,幾乎什么場所都能用.physician重要是指“內(nèi)科醫(yī)生”,與“外科醫(yī)生（surgeon）（此單詞要背）”相對,當然在美語中我也常常聽到一般醫(yī)生也說surgeon.exposevt.暴露；揭發(fā)；使曝光expose…to（to做介詞）使顯露；暴露Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(書本原句)但當他一想到要協(xié)助那些得了霍亂的一般人時，他就感到很振奮。exposedtocholera在句中是過去分詞作後置定語，表達被動。意為“患霍亂的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.beexposedtosth.(to做介詞)HisskinisexposedtothesunWearesupposedtobeexposedtoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.deadlyadj.致命的curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療outbreakn.爆發(fā)；發(fā)作（尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭）challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)victimn.受害者victim是受害人，受傷或在意外中死亡的人都可以稱為victimNotallthevictimssurvived.sufferer是受難者或患病者，一般指遭受苦難或患病的人absorbvt.吸?。晃?；使專心句型：beabsorbedin(1)專注，聚精會神beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto=concentrateon集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.（2）吸取，把……吸取入Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸取光線。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.suspectvt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯enquiryn.問詢(此單詞高考少見，不過生活中倒是見得多，=inquiry)例如說某個單位的問詢處，公安辦案的問詢，都是此單詞neighbourhoodn.附近；鄰近intheneighborhood在附近severeadj.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的(=soserious)Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.clueadj.線索；提醒pumpn.泵；抽水機vt.（用泵）抽（水）Cambridge劍橋大街foreseevt.預見；預知fore為前綴：在前面，在此前。由此可得出諸多詞匯的大概意思forearmn.前臂foreheadn.前額foresightn.先見之明,遠見,深謀遠慮foretasten.預嘗,先試foretellv.預言,預測forewarnv.預先警告forewordn.序言,引言,序forecastv./n.foregroundn.前景（background背景）investigatevt.&vi.調(diào)查investigationn.調(diào)查blamevt.責怪；訓斥過錯；責怪blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因某事責怪某人Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人應當受到訓斥；注意:betoblame應受責怪（積極表被動）；應負責任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.pollutevt.污染；弄臟handlen.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱=dealwith（此單詞兩個意思老會忘掉其中一種，必須牢記）germn.微生物；細菌linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)絡(luò)link…to…將……和……聯(lián)絡(luò)或連接起來announcevt.宣布；告知certaintyn.確信；確實instructvt.命令；指示；教導responsibleadj.有責任的；負責的（beresponsiblefor對......有責任）名詞形式為responsibility責任初學此單詞及其輕易與response混淆responsen.回應，答復（theresponseto）,動詞形式為respondThere

has

been

no

response

to

his

remarks

from

the

government

constructvt.建設(shè)；修建constructionn.建設(shè)；建筑物（underconstruction在建設(shè)當中）contributevt.&vi.捐獻，奉獻；導致，助于1.此單詞初三學過一種短語為makeacontributionto（為.....作出奉獻）Thisinventionmadeamajorcontributiontoroadsafety.2.Hisresearchhascontributedalottoourunderstandingofthisdisease.Hepromisedtocontribute$5,000totheschoolrebuildingproject.3.contributeto可表達“導致，促成；有助于”。此句型的構(gòu)造和意思有點類似于leadtoSmokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.apartfrom除……之外；此外1）相稱于besides.意為“除……以外（還包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母語外，我還會講好幾種外語。2）相稱于except.意為“除……以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英語外，我喜歡所有學科。fireworkn.煙火（燃放）chartn.圖表creativeadj.有發(fā)明力的；發(fā)明性的；獨創(chuàng)的co-operativeadj.合作的positiveadj.積極的；肯定的；確實的（be）strictwith…對……嚴格的revolutionaryadj.革命的；重大變革的movementn.移動；運動；動作makesense講得通；故意義Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatforthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.backwardadv.&adj.向後地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）loopn.圈；環(huán)privatelyadv.私下地；秘密地spinvi.&vt.(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡（線或紗）brightnessn.明亮；亮度；聰穎enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的句型：beenthusiasticaboutcautiousadj.小心的；謹慎的becautiousabout對......謹慎名詞是：cautionrejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄universen.宇宙；世界過去分詞作定語1)語法功能相稱于一種定語從句ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一顆破碎的心alostdog喪家之犬a(chǎn)brokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞背面。Is

there

anything

unsolved?

There

is

noting

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.b.過去分詞短語作定語：一般後置，其作用相稱于定語從句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時不表被動，只表完畢。arisensun已升起的太陽thegonedays逝去的時光fallenleaves落葉目前分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別：Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?thechangingworld（正在變化的）thechangedworld（變化了的）boilingwater（正在沸騰的）boiledwater（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）fadingflowers(正在凋落的)fadedflowers（已經(jīng)凋落的）adevelopingcountry(發(fā)展中的)adevelopedcountry（發(fā)達的）adrowningman將近淹死的人adrownedman已經(jīng)淹死的人fallingleaves正在飄落的樹葉fallenleaves落葉aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯3）及物動詞的過去分詞(done)與目前分詞的被動式(beingdone)都可以表達“被動”，但前者多表達一種完畢了的動作，而後者則表達一種正在進行的動作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayisverycomplicatedtheproblembeingdiscussedisverycomplicated過去分詞做表語1過去分詞（短語）作表語時，其作用相稱于adj.,闡明的是主語的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常見作表語的過去分詞有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意過去分詞作表語時和動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)造相似，但兩者體現(xiàn)的意思明顯不一樣，前者闡明主語的特點及所處的狀態(tài)，而後者強調(diào)被動的動作。Myglassesarebroken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài)）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。（動作）1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited4.Assoonassheenteredther