DB43-T 2417-2022菜用香椿種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS67.080

CCSB31

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DB43/T2417—2022

菜用香椿種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

CodeofpracticeforcultivationofedibleChinesemahogany

()Toonasinensis

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實(shí)施

湖南省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2417—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5品種選擇···············································································································1

6育苗·····················································································································2

7定植·····················································································································2

8田間管理···············································································································3

9病蟲害防治············································································································4

10采收····················································································································4

11檔案管理··············································································································4

附錄A（資料性）香椿主要病蟲害防治方法及化學(xué)藥劑施用方法·········································5

附錄B（資料性）菜用香椿栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案·································································6

I

DB43/T2417—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)歸口。

本文件起草單位：湖南萌芽蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)股份有限公司、長(zhǎng)沙市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心、長(zhǎng)沙縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、

長(zhǎng)沙縣湘農(nóng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移咨詢有限公司、湖南湘印康農(nóng)科技發(fā)展有限公司、湖南漢普科技發(fā)展有限公司、湖

南菜驛園農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：戴詩(shī)銀、鄧耀輝、史博、張達(dá)威、吳明聰、戴紅桂、黃志桃、郭杉。

III

DB43/T2417—2022

菜用香椿種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了菜用香椿種植的產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、品種選擇、育苗、定植、田間管理、病蟲害防治、采收和

檔案管理的基本要求。

本文件適用于菜用香椿的種植。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本

文件。

GB3095環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB5084農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB7908林木種子質(zhì)量分級(jí)

GB8321農(nóng)藥合理使用準(zhǔn)則（所有部分）

GB15618土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

NY/T393綠色食品農(nóng)藥使用準(zhǔn)則

NY/T394綠色食品肥料使用準(zhǔn)則

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

菜用香椿EdibleChinesemahogany

以采收幼嫩新梢作食用目的集中成片栽種的香椿。

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境

選擇水源充足、疏松深厚、透氣性好、排灌方便、有機(jī)質(zhì)豐富的土壤，有效土層厚度大于100cm.

環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合GB3095的規(guī)定；農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合GB5084的規(guī)定；土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)

符合GB15618的規(guī)定。

5品種選擇

宜選擇紅油椿、紅香椿、褐香椿、黑油椿等品種。

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DB43/T2417—2022

6育苗

6.1育苗方式

實(shí)生育苗、根蘗育苗。

6.2實(shí)生育苗

6.2.1苗床準(zhǔn)備

土壤可每m2使用波爾多液2.5kg處理消毒，酸性土壤可加入適量石灰。pH值維持在5.5～7.5之間。

土壤深翻耙細(xì)，精細(xì)整地，作成畦寬1.2m，溝寬0.3m，溝深5.0cm的平畦。低洼地要挖排水溝。

每667m2施腐熟有機(jī)肥2000kg～3000kg，過(guò)磷酸鈣50kg～60kg。施肥應(yīng)符合NY/T394的規(guī)定。

6.2.2播種

6.2.2.1種子質(zhì)量

符合GB7908的規(guī)定。

6.2.2.2播種期

播種在3月下旬至4月上旬。

6.2.2.3播種量

每667m2播種3kg～3.5kg。

6.2.2.4種子前處理

播種前用40℃～50℃溫水浸泡12h，然后洗凈，瀝水。與細(xì)河沙按照1∶3比例拌勻，準(zhǔn)備播種。

6.2.2.5播種方式

播種采用條播，每畦播種4行，覆土1cm～2cm，在距苗床正上方1m高處搭設(shè)遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)。

6.2.3苗期管理

苗高10cm～15cm時(shí)，逐漸拆去遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)。待幼苗長(zhǎng)至3片～5片真葉時(shí)，追施復(fù)合肥15kg～20kg。

在3片～5片真葉時(shí)，間苗定苗，保持株距10cm～15cm。每隔10d～12d用0.3％尿素作為葉面肥

噴施，在6片～7片真葉時(shí)，苗高10cm～12cm時(shí)即可定植。

6.3根蘗育苗

在春季發(fā)芽之前，將香椿母樹于樹冠投影外圍處挖深50cm～60cm的環(huán)形溝，將一部分根切斷，

回填土壤，保證水分使根蘗萌發(fā)形成新植株。待小苗長(zhǎng)至20cm～25cm時(shí)，在其根部培土。

7定植

7.1整地施肥

土壤耙細(xì)，精細(xì)整地，作成畦寬1.2m，溝寬0.3m，溝深10cm的平畦。整地時(shí)注意施肥和土壤

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DB43/T2417—2022

改良，每667m2施腐熟有機(jī)肥4000kg。肥料使用應(yīng)符合NY/T394的規(guī)定。

7.2定植時(shí)期

秋季落葉后至春季萌芽前，進(jìn)行栽植。

7.3定植密度

雙行種植，株距40cm～50cm，行距70cm～80cm。

7.4起苗

在秋季落葉后至春季萌發(fā)之前起苗，起苗前澆水，用鐵鍬挖起苗木，保持根系完整，并避免風(fēng)吹日

曬。

7.5定植方式

栽植時(shí)將苗木置于穴內(nèi)中央，舒展根系，邊埋土邊踏實(shí)，埋土深度以高出原根際土痕2cm～4cm，

直立或傾斜45。栽植。栽后立即澆足定根水，待水下滲后覆土保墑。定植后的緩苗期間要澆水3次～4

次，保持土壤濕潤(rùn)。

8田間管理

8.1水肥管理

在早春椿芽苞沒開裂前追肥澆水，然后在樹下覆蓋地膜，保溫增墑。

5月下旬～6月上旬，除去地膜，生長(zhǎng)旺季中耕除草。

菜用香椿定植后水肥管理見表1。

表1菜用香椿田間水肥管理方法

時(shí)間水分管理肥料管理

春天芽苞開春季雨水多，可少澆水，也可根據(jù)土壤干濕

生長(zhǎng)旺盛期，每667m2開溝條施復(fù)合肥30kg～50kg。

裂前情況靈活澆水。

采芽前每次采芽前3d～5d適量澆水。每次采芽前5d～7d，每667m2追施氮肥20kg～30kg。

高溫季節(jié)根據(jù)天氣情況靈活澆水，土壤見干

夏季以后控制氮肥施用，每667m2追施磷鉀肥300kg～400kg。

見濕為宜。

8.2矮化

在苗干15cm～20cm處剪去頂端，促發(fā)2個(gè)～3個(gè)側(cè)枝作為１級(jí)側(cè)枝；1級(jí)側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)到30cm以上時(shí)，

剪去頂梢，保留5cm～10cm的枝樁，促發(fā)2級(jí)側(cè)枝。

8.3修剪

6月份～7月份，將1年生枝條摘心或短截，留15cm～25cm，20d左右可抽發(fā)2～5個(gè)側(cè)枝，秋

季長(zhǎng)成10cm～15cm的充實(shí)短枝，翌年可收椿芽。

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9病蟲害防治

9.1主要病蟲害

常見的病害有葉銹病、白粉病等。

常見的蟲害有香椿毛蟲、天牛等。

9.2防治原則

綜合采用農(nóng)業(yè)防治、物理防治及生物防治，科學(xué)合理使用化學(xué)防治。主要防治方法見附錄A。農(nóng)藥

安全使用應(yīng)符合GB/T8321和NY/T393的要求。

10采收

采收時(shí)間從3月中旬開始。第1次宜在嫩梢約10cm～12cm時(shí)采摘，以后根據(jù)生長(zhǎng)情況，隔10d～

12d，側(cè)芽20cm左右時(shí)采摘第2次。收獲期為1個(gè)月左右。香椿采摘不宜整枝采收，宜在基部留2

片～3片葉，以形成輔養(yǎng)枝，恢復(fù)樹勢(shì)。第一年采收主干頂梢，第二年可采收側(cè)枝頂梢。

11檔案管理

生產(chǎn)檔案管理表參見附錄B。檔案保管2年以上，做到防蟲、防潮、防霉。

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DB43/T2417—2022

附錄A

（資料性）

香椿主要病蟲害防治方法及化學(xué)藥劑施用方法

病蟲害名稱防治方法使用次數(shù)安全間隔期

1．加強(qiáng)田間管理，提高植株抗病能力。

2．冬季及時(shí)掃除落葉，燒毀，減少侵染源。

葉銹病噴灑1～2次7天

3．藥劑防治：采收期后，可用生物農(nóng)藥1.5％多抗霉素可濕

性粉劑300～500倍液。

1．加強(qiáng)田間管理，提高植株抗病能力。

2．冬季清除落葉和感病枝梢，集中燒毀。

白粉病噴灑1～2次7天

3．藥劑防治：采收期后，可用生物農(nóng)藥4％農(nóng)抗120水劑

100mg/L藥液。

1．在產(chǎn)卵和孵化初期，發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)卵痕跡或幼蟲，人工捕殺；

香椿毛蟲噴灑1～2次7天

2．藥劑防治：90％敵百蟲800倍液防治。

1．在產(chǎn)卵和孵化初期，發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)卵痕跡或幼蟲，人工捕殺；

天牛2．清除蟲洞內(nèi)木屑，用鐵鉤殺死其中幼蟲；//

3．蟲洞內(nèi)插入藥簽防治。

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DB43/T2417—2022

附錄B

（資料性）

菜用香椿栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案

年份：地點(diǎn)：品種：記錄人：

一、基本情況

種植面積播種時(shí)間

定植時(shí)間始收時(shí)間

采收次數(shù)終收時(shí)間

二、肥料使用

使用時(shí)間肥料名稱類型使用范圍使用方法使用量登記證號(hào)

三、農(nóng)藥使用

使用時(shí)間農(nóng)藥名稱劑型使用目的使用方法使用量登記證號(hào)

6

DB43/T2417—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5品種選擇···············································································································1

6育苗·····················································································································2

7定植·····················································································································2

8田間管理···············································································································3

9病蟲害防治············································································································4

10采收····················································································································4

11檔案管理··············································································································4

附錄A（資料性）香椿主要病蟲害防治方法及化學(xué)藥劑施用方法·········································5

附錄B（資料性）菜用香椿栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案·································································6

I

DB43/T2417—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件