電子與通信技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第6版）課件 項(xiàng)目17 Wireless Sensor Network

劉騁蔡靜主編電子與通信技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第6版）高職高專(zhuān)電子信息類(lèi)“十三五”規(guī)劃教材EnglishonElectronicandTelecommunicationTechnology03UnitⅢCommunicationTechnologyLesson17WirelessSensorNetwork

UnitⅢNewWordsbi-directional [baidi'rek?(?)n(?)l] adj. 雙向的，雙向作用的surveillance [s?'veil?ns] n. 監(jiān)視transceiver [tr?n'si:v?] n. 收發(fā)器constraint [k?n'streint] n. 約束，限制deploy [di'pl?i] vt. 部署intrusion [in'tru:?n] n. 侵?jǐn)_evolve [i'v?lv] v. 發(fā)展，進(jìn)化NewWordsvolcano [v?l'kein?u] n. 火山glacier ['gl?si?] n. 冰川humidity [hju:'mid?ti] n. 濕度vegetation [ved??'tei?n] n. 植物firebrigade ['fai?][bri'geid] 消防隊(duì)protocol ['pr?ut?k?l] n. 協(xié)議embed [im'bed] vt. 把……嵌入PhrasesandExpressionsWSN(WirelessSensorNetwork) 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)WMN(WirelessMeshNetwork) 無(wú)線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)A

wirelesssensornetwork(WSN)

consistsofspatiallydistributed

autonomous

sensors

tomonitor

physicalorenvironmentalconditions,suchas

temperature,

sound,

pressure,etc.andtocooperativelypasstheirdatathroughthenetworktoamainlocation.Themoremodernnetworksarebi-directional,alsoenabling

control

ofsensoractivity.Thedevelopmentofwirelesssensornetworkswasmotivatedbymilitaryapplicationssuchasbattlefieldsurveillance;todaysuchnetworksareusedinmanyindustrialandconsumerapplications,suchasindustrialprocessmonitoringandcontrol,machinehealthmonitoring,andsoon.Lesson17WirelesssensornetworkChineseTranslationofTexts無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）由空間上分布的自主式傳感器組成，用以監(jiān)控物理或環(huán)境條件，如溫度，聲音，壓力等，并通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將數(shù)據(jù)合成到一個(gè)主位置。更現(xiàn)代的網(wǎng)絡(luò)是雙向的，也能夠控制傳感器的活動(dòng)。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展是出于軍事上的應(yīng)用，如戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)視.今天這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)被用于許多工業(yè)和消費(fèi)類(lèi)應(yīng)用，如工業(yè)過(guò)程監(jiān)測(cè)和控制，機(jī)器狀況監(jiān)測(cè)等。第17課

無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）ChineseTranslationofTextsTheWSNisbuiltof"nodes"–fromafewtoseveralhundredsoreventhousands,whereeachnodeisconnectedtoone(orsometimesseveral)sensors（asshowninFig.17-1）.Eachsuchsensornetworknodehastypicallyseveralparts:a

radiotransceiver

withaninternal

antenna

orconnectiontoanexternalantenna,a

microcontroller,anelectroniccircuitforinterfacingwiththesensorsandanenergysource.ChineseTranslationofTexts無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)置“節(jié)點(diǎn)”，從幾個(gè)到幾百甚至上千，其中每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都連接到一個(gè)（或有時(shí)是多個(gè)）傳感器。每一個(gè)這樣的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)通常由幾部分組成：內(nèi)置天線或連接外部天線的無(wú)線收發(fā)信機(jī)，微控制器，傳感器接口電路和電源。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的尺寸從鞋盒大小到一?；覊m大小不等。ChineseTranslationofTextsA

sensornode

mightvaryinsizefromthatofashoeboxdowntothesizeofagrainofdust.Thecostofsensornodesissimilarlyvariable,rangingfromafewtohundredsofdollars,dependingonthecomplexityoftheindividualsensornodes.Sizeandcostconstraintsonsensornodesresultincorrespondingconstraintsonresourcessuchasenergy,memory,computationalspeedandcommunicationsbandwidth.ThetopologyoftheWSNscanvaryfromasimple

starnetwork

toanadvanced

multi-hop

wirelessmeshnetwork.ChineseTranslationofTexts傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的成本同樣是可變的，從幾美元到數(shù)百美元不等，這取決于單個(gè)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的復(fù)雜性。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的尺寸和成本限制了其相應(yīng)的資源，如能源，存儲(chǔ)器，運(yùn)算速度和通信帶寬。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，可以從一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的星型網(wǎng)絡(luò)到復(fù)雜的多跳無(wú)線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)。ChineseTranslationofTextsApplicationsAreamonitoringAreamonitoringisacommonapplicationofWSNs.Inareamonitoring,theWSNisdeployedoveraregionwheresomephenomenonistobemonitored.Amilitaryexampleistheuseofsensorsdetectenemyintrusion;acivilianexampleisthe

geo-fencing

ofgasoroilpipelines.ChineseTranslationofTexts應(yīng)用區(qū)域監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域監(jiān)測(cè)是無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中一種常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用。在小區(qū)監(jiān)控中，無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署在一個(gè)區(qū)域，對(duì)區(qū)域中一些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。例如，在軍事應(yīng)用中利用傳感器探測(cè)到敵人的入侵;在民用中為天然氣或石油管道提供地理圍欄服務(wù)。ChineseTranslationofTextsEnvironmental/EarthmonitoringThetermEnvironmentalSensorNetworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.

Thisincludessensingvolcanoes,oceans,

glaciers,

forests,

etc.Forexampleforestfiredetection.AnetworkofSensorNodescanbeinstalledinaforesttodetectwhenafirehasstarted.Thenodescanbeequippedwithsensorstomeasuretemperature,humidityandgaseswhichareproducedbyfireinthetreesorvegetation.Theearlydetectioniscrucialforasuccessfulactionofthefirefighters;thankstoWirelessSensorNetworks,thefirebrigadewillbeabletoknowwhenafireisstartedandhowitisspreading.ChineseTranslationofTexts環(huán)境/地球監(jiān)測(cè)

環(huán)境傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)發(fā)展到涵蓋許多的地球科學(xué)研究。這包括傳感火山，海洋，冰川，森林等。例如，它可以用來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)森林火災(zāi)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)可以安裝在森林中，當(dāng)火災(zāi)開(kāi)始時(shí)就檢測(cè)到。配備了傳感器的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以測(cè)量由火災(zāi)引起樹(shù)木或植物的溫度，濕度和氣體變化。對(duì)于消防隊(duì)員來(lái)說(shuō)，行動(dòng)能否成功，早期偵測(cè)至關(guān)重要。通過(guò)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，消防隊(duì)能夠知道火災(zāi)是何時(shí)發(fā)生以及如何傳播的。ChineseTranslationofTextsDataloggingWirelesssensornetworksarealsousedforthecollectionofdataformonitoringofenvironmentalinformation.Thestatisticalinformationcanthenbeusedtoshowhowsystemshavebeenworking.TheadvantageofWSNsoverconventionalloggersisthe"live"datafeedthatispossible.ChineseTranslationofTexts數(shù)據(jù)記錄無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)也可用于收集環(huán)境信息監(jiān)測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)，然后，統(tǒng)計(jì)信息可以用來(lái)顯示系統(tǒng)如何工作。相比傳統(tǒng)記錄儀,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使“活”的數(shù)據(jù)傳送成為可能。ChineseTranslationofTextsIndustrialsenseandcontrolapplicationsInrecentresearchavastnumberofwirelesssensornetworkcommunicationprotocolshavebeendeveloped.Whilepreviousresearchwasprimarilyfocusedonpowerawareness,morerecentresearchhavebeguntoconsiderawiderrangeofaspects,suchaswirelesslinkreliability,

real-timecapabilities,

orquality-of-service.Thesenewaspectsareconsideredasanenablerforfutureapplicationsinindustrialandrelatedwirelesssenseandcontrolapplications,andpartiallyreplacingorenhancingconventionalwire-basednetworksbyWSNtechniques.ChineseTranslationofTexts工業(yè)傳感和控制應(yīng)用在最近的研究中，大量的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。雖然以前的研究主要集中在功能方面，最近的研究已經(jīng)開(kāi)始考慮更廣泛的方面，比如無(wú)線鏈路的可靠性，實(shí)時(shí)性，或服務(wù)質(zhì)量。這些新的方面被認(rèn)為是未來(lái)的工業(yè)應(yīng)用及相關(guān)的無(wú)線傳感和控制應(yīng)用的促進(jìn)者，并部分取代或增強(qiáng)基于有線的傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。ChineseTranslationofTextsSmarthomemonitoringMonitoringtheactivitiesperformedinasmarthomeisachievedusingwirelesssensorsembeddedwithineverydayobjectsformingaWSN.

Statechangestoobjectsbasedonhumanmanipulationiscapturedbythewirelesssensorsnetworkenablingactivity-supportservices.ChineseTranslationofTexts智能家居監(jiān)控

使用嵌入在日常物品內(nèi)的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)在智能家居中的活動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)視已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。物品因人為操作而發(fā)生狀態(tài)上的變化被提供活動(dòng)支持服務(wù)的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)捕獲。ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesAwirelesssensornetworkconsistsofspatiallydistributedautonomoussensorstomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions,suchastemperature,sound,pressure,etc.無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）由空間上分布的自主式傳感器組成，用以監(jiān)控物理或環(huán)境條件，如溫度、聲音、壓力等。consistof：由……構(gòu)成，例如，Allelectroniccomputersconsistoffiveunitsalthoughtheyareofdifferentkinds.1NotesAsensornodemightvaryinsizefromthatofashoeboxdowntothesizeofagrainofdust.傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的尺寸可從一個(gè)鞋盒大小到一?；覊m大小。that代size。英語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到過(guò)的名詞，常用that或those作替代詞。其中，that替代單數(shù)名詞，只能指物；those替代復(fù)述名詞，既可指物，也可指人。2NotesAsensornodemightvaryinsizefromthatofashoeboxdowntothesizeofagrainofdust.例如：（1）TheclimateofShenyangisjustasbadasthatofBeijing.（2）Thehousesofthericharegenerallylargerthanthoseofthepoor.2NotesThetermEnvironmentalSensorNetworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.環(huán)境傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)已逐步包含了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在地球科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中的多種應(yīng)用。3NotesThetermEnvironmentalSensorNetworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.（1）cover：包含，涉及，例如，Thetalksareexpectedtocoverothertopicstoo.（2）application:運(yùn)用，應(yīng)用，用法為application(ofsth.)(tosth.)3NotesThetermEnvironmentalSensorNetworkshasevolvedtocovermanyapplicationsofWSNstoearthscienceresearch.例如：Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.3NotesTheadvantageofWSNsoverconventionalloggersisthe“l(fā)ive”datafeedthatispossible.無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使“活”的數(shù)據(jù)的傳送成為可能。advantage：有利條件，優(yōu)勢(shì)，常與介詞over連用，指“與……相比的長(zhǎng)處”，例如：Forcertaintypesofwork,woodhasadvantagesoverplastic.4NotesWhilepreviousresearchwasprimarilyfocusedonpowerawareness,morerecentresearchhavebeguntoconsiderawiderrangeofaspects,suchaswirelesslinkreliability,real-timecapabilities,orquality-of-service.雖然以前的研究主要集中在功能方面，但最近的研究已經(jīng)開(kāi)始考慮更廣泛的方面，如無(wú)線鏈路的可靠性、實(shí)時(shí)性，或服務(wù)質(zhì)量。5NotesWhilepreviousresearchwasprimarilyfocusedonpowerawareness,morerecentresearchhavebeguntoconsiderawiderrangeofaspects,suchaswirelesslinkreliability,real-timecapabilities,orquality-of-service.while在本句中表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折，例如：Whilesomepeoplethinkhiscomedyisfunny,othersfindhimoffensive.5Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.SensorsarespatiallydistributedinaWSNtomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions.b.Nowadays,wirelesssensornetworksareonlyusedinindustrialandconsumerapplications.c.Thecostofsensornodesisveryexpensive.d.Thenodesequippedwithsensorsinaforestcanmeasurehumidityinthetreesorvegetation.e.Thedetectionbythesensorsmayhelpthefirefightersputoutthefiresuccessfully.f.TheWSNscancollectreal-timedataformonitoringofenvironmentalinformation.g.Peoplehavedevelopedalargenumberofwirelesssensornetworkcommunicationprotocolsrecently.h.TheWSNinasmarthomecancaptureanystatechangestoobjects.Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.SensorsarespatiallydistributedinaWSNtomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions.b.Nowadays,wirelesssensornetworksareonlyusedinindustrialandconsumerapplications.c.Thecostofsensornodesisveryexpensive.d.Thenodesequippedwithsensorsinaforestcanmeasurehumidityinthetreesorvegetation.e.Thedetectionbythesensorsmayhelpthefirefightersputoutthefiresuccessfully.f.TheWSNscancollectreal-timedataformonitoringofenvironmentalinformation.g.Peoplehavedevelopedalargenumberofwirelesssensornetworkcommunicationprotocolsrecently.h.TheWSNinasmarthomecancaptureanystatechangestoobjects.TFFTTFTFExercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.TheWSNisbuiltof

whichis

tooneorseveralsensors.b.The

oftheWSNscanbeastarnetworkoranadvancedmulti-hop

.c.TheWSNis

overaregionwheresome

istobemonitoredinareamonitoring.d.Wirelesssensors,whichisusedto

theactivitiesperformedin

,are

withineverydayobjects.Exercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.TheWSNisbuiltofnodeswhichisconnetedtooneorseveralsensors.b.ThetopologyoftheWSNscanbeastarnetworkoranadvancedmulti-hopwirelessmeshnetwork.c.TheWSNisdeployedoveraregionwheresomephenomenonistobemonitoredinareamonitoring.d.Wirelesssensors,whichisusedtomonitortheactivitiesperformedinasmarthome,are

embeddedwithineverydayobjects.Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.TheWSNisbuiltof“nodes”—fromafewtoseveralhundredsoreventhousands,whereeachnodeisconnectedtoone(orsometimesseveral)sensors.Eachsuchsensornetworknodehastypicallyseveralparts:aradiotransceiverwithaninternalantennaorconnectiontoanexternalantenna,amicro-controller,anelectroniccircuitforinterfacingwiththesensorsandanenergysource.Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.TheWSNisbuiltof“nodes”—fromafewtoseveralhundredsoreventhousands,whereeachnodeisconnectedtoone(orsometimesseveral)sensors.Eachsuchsensornetworknodehastypicallyseveralparts:aradiotransceiverwithaninternalantennaorconnectiontoanexternalantenna,amicro-controller,anelectroniccircuitforinterfacingwiththesensorsandanenergysource.無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)置“節(jié)點(diǎn)”，從幾個(gè)到幾百甚至上千，其中每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都連接到一個(gè)（有時(shí)是多個(gè)）傳感器。每一個(gè)這樣的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)通常由幾部分組成：內(nèi)置天線或連接外部天線的無(wú)線收發(fā)信機(jī)、微控制器、傳感器接口電路和電源。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的尺寸從鞋盒大小到一粒灰塵大小不等。Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChines