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ABriefHistoryofEnglishPoetryWhatdidpeopleexpectwhentheypickedupapoem?FromtheRenaissancetotheearly20thCentury.TheRenaissance,16thand17thcenturies.DictionandotherelementsofstyleweresupposedtobesuitedtothesubjectThehighestformwastheepic,anditonlyconcernedthemostexaltedsubjects—Milton’sParadiseLost,forexample.Thenexthighestwastragedy,whichusuallyinvolvedthefallofkings.MoreGenresfromtheRenaissancePastoral—involvedlordsandladiesinlovethelyric??usuallytheexpressionofpersonalemotion.ComedycouldinvolvesthemiddleclassFarce—commonpeopleThe18thC.,alsocalledtheneo-classicalperiod

Poetscalledforrestraint??restrainedemotionsandrestrainedstyle.The18thcenturydistrustedemotion,inpartbecausethe18thcenturywasaviolenttimeofrevolutionandwar,andpeoplewantedrestraint.Poetry,theysaid,shouldbelikeprose,onlymorepolished.

18thCenturyFormsThedominantformwastheheroiccouplet--iambicpentameterrhymingcouplets.

AlexanderPope:"Truewitisnaturetoadvantagedressed,Whatoftwassaid,butne'ersowellexpressed."

iamb??unstressedstressedrhymingcouplet??aabbccetc.RomanticPoetryInthefirsthalfofthe19thc.,Wordsworthcalledforpoetrywritteninthelanguageofmen,notanartificiallyliterarylanguage

Hislongerandmostseriouspoemsareinblankverse,iambicpentameterthatisunrhymed.

OtherRomanticsTheotherRomantics(theearly19thc.Britishpoets??WW,Blake,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley,Keatsandothers)believedinexpressinggreatemotionintheirpoetry,notlikeWW.Theirpoemsareoftenhighlycharged,dramatic,intense,andtheirobjectwastoreproducetheirown,subjectivesenseoftruth.ThiswasthegreatestperiodofEnglishpoetry.LastingInfluenceoftheRomanticsFromthisperiod,peoplehavebelievedthatpoetryshouldbetheexpressionofgreatemotion,andthatthetruepoetshouldliveonthemargins,inagarret,anddieofconsumption,likeJohnKeats,whodiedofconsumption(TB)attheageof25.PortraitofJohnKeatsbySeverinModernsEarly20thc.poetsreactedtothis??TSEliotwantedpoetstogobacktotherestraintofthe18thc.Butthebiggestdevelopmentofmodernpoetrywasthebreakdown(orliberation,dependinghowyoufeelaboutit)ofpoeticform.FormalPoetrySo,youstartwithsomethingastightlyformalasthesonnet.14lines,iambicpentameter,withalimitednumberofrhymeschemes—{abab

cdcd}octet{efef

gg}sestet.Notonlyisittightlyformal,butsonnetsdemandedahighlyliterarylanguage.FormalPoetryThegreatchallengeofformalpoetryistomakesomethingnewandunrestrainedwithinsuchtightboundaries.FreeVerseAndyoumovetosomethingasseeminglyformlessandnon-literaryasWm.CarlosWilliams’classicallyb

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