2025年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)15 閱讀理解＋應(yīng)用文寫作

練習(xí)15閱讀理解+應(yīng)用文寫作

I.閱讀理解

A

2024?新課標(biāo)I卷，D說明文354詞★★★☆☆

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshave

collectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andother

digitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anew

Stanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofa

mobileapplication,“saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyinthe

StanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens（標(biāo)本），andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspecies

arerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtested

howwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,like

thegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,

saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.

Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethe

peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir

encounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveor

eye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained.^Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequality

ofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationof

theiruploadedimage.”

語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學(xué)研究——生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的可用性

【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了一個有關(guān)生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的研究。文章探究了生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的可用性，

指出了實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題并提出了提高數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的措施。

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段的"Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityare...videos,andother

digitalrecords.”可知，現(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他的數(shù)字記錄形式存在。故選

B項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的''electronicform”是對原文中的“videos,andotherdigitalrecords”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第二段的“andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldata...Are

theyusable?”可知，Daru及其團(tuán)隊使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種是如何對全球變化作出回應(yīng)的，他想知道這些

觀察數(shù)據(jù)是否可用。再根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，Daru及其團(tuán)隊使用一個全球數(shù)據(jù)集，測試這些數(shù)據(jù)在多大

程度上展示了實(shí)際的全球生物多樣性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究關(guān)注觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“瀕危

物種”；B項(xiàng)“實(shí)物標(biāo)本”；C項(xiàng)“觀察數(shù)據(jù)”；D項(xiàng)“手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序”。

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

答案與解析：C推斷。根據(jù)第四段的"Wewereparticularlyinterested...insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit”

可知，研究人員對探索可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的采樣的方方面面特別感興趣，比如公民科學(xué)家很有可能只拍開

花植物而不拍它旁邊的青草。由此可知，采樣方式的不當(dāng)會導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)分析中

的錯誤”；B項(xiàng)“上傳的圖片質(zhì)量差”；D項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)收集設(shè)備不可靠”。

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第七段的“Biodiversityappscanuse...tohaveanexpertconfirmthe

identificationoftheiruploadedimage”可知，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用Daru他們的研究結(jié)果來讓用戶知

道哪些地區(qū)是采樣過量的地區(qū)，并且引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)Σ蓸硬皇呛芎玫牡胤交蛘呶锓N進(jìn)行采樣。為了改善觀察

數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序也鼓勵用戶讓專家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖片。結(jié)合第五段的“thepeoplewho

get...citizenscientists”可知，這里的用戶指代的是公民科學(xué)家。故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“檢查特定區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)“；B

項(xiàng)“雇用專家去檢查記錄”；C項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)用戶身份”；D項(xiàng)“給公民科學(xué)家一些指導(dǎo)”。

B

2023?全國甲卷說明文285詞★★☆☆☆

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder*sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthat

werenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoa

worldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou-andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeinefsTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylove

forphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'swork

inthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonder

likeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethana

bookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhe

doessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersin

history,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisown

interpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupa

coffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It*sworthyourtime,eveniftimeis

somethingwedon*thavealotof.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。作者在13歲時開始喜歡哲學(xué)，隨后Weiner的書77zeSocaesExpress

喚起了作者對哲學(xué)的熱愛。文章通過介紹了〃招s&〃儂1s這本書，倡導(dǎo)讀者花時間去讀這本書。

5.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJostein

Gaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandout

ofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.（我13歲的時候,一個叔叔給了我

一本JosteinGaarder的《Sophie的世界》。書里面的觀點(diǎn)對我來說都很新奇，所以我整個夏天都在鉆研那本

書。它對我說話，把我?guī)胍粋€哲學(xué)的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder為作者打開了通往哲學(xué)的大門。故選

Co

6.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinefsbook.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainride

betweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosophersworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.

TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,and

havenoregretslikeNietzsche.（Weiner在每一章的開頭都描述了一個城市之間火車旅行的場景，然后將每一

位哲學(xué)家的著作框定在一個他們能夠幫助我們做得更好的事情上。最終的結(jié)果是，我們學(xué)會了像蘇格拉底

一樣思考，像梭羅一樣看，像叔本華一樣聽，像尼采一樣沒有遺憾。）”可知，作者在第四段開頭描寫了

Weiner書的內(nèi)容，接著作者通過列舉了幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家來描寫讀完這本書后我們能從中學(xué)到的東西，由

此可推知，作者列舉了幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiner的書。故選D。

7.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中<fThis,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isa

bookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.（這不僅僅是一本關(guān)于理解哲學(xué)的書，更是一本關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)

運(yùn)用哲學(xué)來改善生活的書。）”可知，作者喜歡T/zeSooSesE空這本書，是因?yàn)樗乃枷肟梢詰?yīng)用到日

常生活中。故選Bo

8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercise

thatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.（他使哲學(xué)思想成為一種有吸弓|

力的練習(xí)，可以提高我們經(jīng)驗(yàn)的質(zhì)量，而且他在做這件事的時候充滿了幽默感。）”可知，Weiner的書很幽

默,根據(jù)最后一段中“TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而

尖銳的書，它以其表面上的簡單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進(jìn)對欲望、孤獨(dú)和衰老的深層思考中。）”可

知，Weiner的書簡單易懂，由此可知，Weiner的書既幽默又簡單易懂。故選D。

II.應(yīng)用文寫作

[2024.新課標(biāo)I卷]假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課。請你給英國朋友Chris寫一封

郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你完成的作品；

2.你的感想。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；

2.請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearChris,

I'mwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.

Yours,

LiHua

寫作思路:

到T郵件■—分享公園美術(shù)課經(jīng)歷]

—（時態(tài)]—[一般過去時為主]

寫

作/H第三人稱為主）

思

路直擊主題，告知朋友自己上周五在