中考復(fù)習(xí)話題十五-科學(xué)知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)、通信課件資料

第二部分話題專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練話題十五科學(xué)知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)、通信話題結(jié)合練習(xí)一、語(yǔ)法選擇Therewasonceafamousscientist

1

madeseveralimportantdiscoveries.Oncehewasasked

2

hewasabletobesocreative.Herepliedthatitallcamefrom

3

experiencehehadwithhismotherwhenhewas2yearsold.Hewastryingtotakeabottleofmilkoutoftherefrigerator.Butthebottlewastooslippery(滑的)andhedroppedit.Thekitchenfloor

4

inmilk.

Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofshoutingathimorpunishinghim,shesaid,“Robert,

5

greatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!I

6

suchahugepuddle(一攤)ofmilk.Wouldyouliketoplayinthemilkforafewminutes

7

wecleanitup?”Sohedid.Afterafewminutes,theycleanedituptogether.Thenhismothersaid,“Thiswasafailedexperimentinhowtocarryabigbottleofmilk

8

twotinyhands.Let’sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucanfindaway

9

itwithoutdroppingit.”

Thelittleboylearnedthatifheheldthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!Thescientistthenaddedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhe

10

tobeafraidtomakemistakes.Helearnedthatmistakesarejustopportunities(機(jī)會(huì))tolearnsomethingnew.

(

B

)1.A.which

B.who

C.whose

D./(

D

)2.A.that

B.when

C.what

D.how(

B

)3.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./(

D

)4.A.covered

B.wascovering

C.iscovered

D.wascovered(

A

)5.A.whata

B.what

C.howa

D.how(

D

)6.A.neverseeB.neversaw C.willneversee D.haveneverseen(

C

)7.A.after

B.when

C.before

D.assoonas(

A

)8.A.with

B.in

C.through

D.by(

C

)9.A.carry

B.carrying

C.tocarry

D.carried(

D

)10.A.need

B.needn’t

C.needed

D.didn’tneedBDBDADCACD二、完形填空Everyyear,malaria(瘧疾)takesthousandsoflivesaroundtheworld,especiallyinAfrica.ButaChinesescientist

1

TuYouyoufoundawaytofightthisdisease.She

2

acommonplantinChina.Itissweetwormwood(青蒿).

In1969,manypeopleinChinahadmalaria.Tu,anexpertinChinesemedicine,hadtofindawayto

3

it.Buthermedicalequipmentwasnotgoodenough.Sometimesshehadtotest

4

bytryingitherself!Overtheyears,shetestedover2,000prescriptions(藥方).

TureadoldChinesebooksto

5

prescriptions.Oneday,shefoundanewplant—sweetwormwood.Shebegantomakeextracts(提取物)fromit.In1971,aftermorethan190

6

,Tufoundanextractthatwas100-percenteffectiveagainstmalaria

7

.

Soon,peopleallovertheworldbegantousethenewdrug.Thedrugisnotonlyeffective,butalso

8

.Peopleinpoorcountriescanbecured.From2000to2015,thedrug

9

over6,200,000lives.

In2015,TuwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.ShewasthefirstnativeChinesescientisttowinthisprize.Tunevercomplainsabouthowhardsheworks.“Ifeelmorerewarded

10

Iseesomanycuredpatients,”shesaid.

(

A

)1.A.named

B.asked

C.made

D.told(

C

)2.A.wants

B.has

C.uses

D.takes(

B

)3.A.start

B.stop

C.touch

D.kill(

A

)4.A.medicine B.ability

C.knowledge

D.machine(

C

)5.A.lookat

B.lookafter

C.lookfor

D.lookat(

D

)6.A.extracts

B.persons

C.plants

D.failures(

B

)7.A.exactly

B.finally

C.early

D.quickly(

D

)8.A.sweet

B.bitter

C.expensive

D.cheap(

B

)9.A.killed

B.saved

C.found

D.knew(

A

)10.A.when

B.if

C.unless

D.untilACBACDBDBA三、閱讀理解(注意:近三年閱讀理解B篇均為科技類說(shuō)明文,此類文章一定要在平時(shí)多加練習(xí)。為加大此類文章的練習(xí),下面A、B、C篇均為科技類說(shuō)明文。)AOnaSundayafternoon,agiant“ancientcity”appearedonthesurfaceofHongzeLakeinJiangsuprovince.Butafterabouthalfanhour,the“city”wasgone.Youmightthinkthatsomeunknownforceswereatwork.Butit’sbelievedthatthe“cityonthelake”wasactuallyamirage(海市蜃樓).Amirageisatrickthatlightandairplaywithourvision(視覺(jué)).Normally,lighttravelsinastraightline,butitcanbend(彎曲)andchangedirectiondependingonwhatitpassesthrough.Thisbendingiscalled“refraction”.Ifdifferentlayers(層)ofairareatdifferenttemperatures,lightwillbendatdifferentangles(角度)whenpassingthroughthem.Thiscancreateafalseimageofanearbyobject.Takethe“cityonthelake”asanexample.Thelayerofairnearthelakeiscolderthanthehigherlayers,asthelakeabsorbs(吸收)mostoftheheat.Thebuildingsinthemiragewereactuallyonanearbymountain.Buttheirimageshowedupabovethelakeafterlightrefractedindifferentlayersofair.Mirageshappennotonlyoverlargebodiesofwater,butanywherewherethegroundcanabsorbalotofheat.Theyareoftenseenonhotroadsandindeserts.Thenexttimeyouthinkyouseeapoolofwaterontheroadonahotsummerday,youwillknowit’sjustamirage—animageoftheskycausedbybendinglight.(

C

)1.Theunderlinedword“refraction”means“

”inChinese.

A.反射 B.直射C.折射 D.照射(

C

)2.Amirageis

.

A.animageofabuildingnearby

B.people’simaginationC.animageoftheskycausedbybendinglight

D.animageofthemirror’srefractionCC(

C

)3.Lightwillbendatdifferentangleswhen

.

A.itpassesthroughdifferentlayersofdifferentshapesB.itsheatisabsorbedbywaterC.itpassesthroughdifferentlayersofdifferenttemperaturesD.thelayeroftheairneartheseaisascoolasthehigherlayersC(

B

)4.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Ifyouseeapoolinadesert,itmustbeamirage.B.Ifyouseeamoderncityonthesurfaceofalake,itmustbeamirage.C.Themirageismadebysomeunknownforces.D.Normally,lightcantravelindifferentlines.B(

A

)5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe

.

A.MysteryofMirages B.Light’sTravelLine C.DifferentImagesofObjects D.Light’sRefractionABForty-sixyearsagoonApril24,Chinalaunched(發(fā)射)itsfirstspacecraft,satelliteDongfanghong-1,andmarkedthecountry’sfirstmajorsuccessinthespaceindustry.Andthisyear,April24wasofficiallymadeChina’sSpaceDay.Meanwhile,thegovernmentalsoannouncedasetofnewspaceplans,settingsightsonaspacestation,Marsandbeyond.Aspacestationislikeahomeforastronautsinspace.Astronautscanlive,doresearchandevenparkspaceshipsthere.Chinaplanstofinishbuildingitsspacestationin2022.AccordingtoChina’stopspacescientistZhouJianping,bythatyear,becominganastronautwillbeanormaljobbecausemorespaceworkmeansneedingmanymoreastronautsthaneverbefore.Andtheyalsoneedtobeabletocarryoutdifferenttasks.Sotheymusthavedifferentkindsofknowledgeandskills.“We’vebeenchoosingastronautsmainlyfrompilots.Nowwewillalsopickthemfromengineers,doctorsandspacetechnologyexperts.”AnotherplanthathasdrawnmuchattentionisChina’sMarsmission(任務(wù)).Chinawilllaunchaprobe(探測(cè)器)toMarsaround2020.Itwilllandontheplanetandevencarrybacksamples(樣本)fromthesurfaceofMars,anactionthatneverhasbeenachievedbyanycountry.“It’ssuchabigplan,”saidZhangRongqiao,chiefdesignerofChina’sMarsmission.“OnlybydoingthiscanChinasayithasstartedtheexplorationofdeepspaceinatruesense.”(

C

)6.Theunderlinedword“them”inthesecondparagraphrefersto

.

A.engineers

B.doctors C.astronauts

D.spacetechnologyexperts(

D

)7.Inaspacestation,astronautscanNOT

.

A.live

B.parkspaceships C.doresearch

D.landontheMarsCD(

C

)8.AccordingtoZhouJianping,

.

A.becominganastronautwillnotbeanormaljobB.astronautsdon’tneedtocarryoutdifferentmissionsC.morespaceworkneedsmoreastronautsD.theywillstillchooseastronautsmainlyfrompilots(

C

)9.

has/havelaunchedaprobetoMarstocarrybacksamples.

A.OnlyChina

B.Manycountries C.Nocountry

D.OnlyZhangRongqiaoCC(

D)10.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ChineseSpacecraft

B.ChineseSpaceStationC.China’sMarsMission

D.ChineseSpaceIndustryDCDoyoueverfeellikeyourthoughtsaregoingaroundincircles?Oneminute,you’rethinkingaboutyourhomework.Thenextminute,you’rethinkingaboutyourplansfortheweekend.Isitpossibleforustoslowourthoughtsdownorevenstopthemcompletely?Itdependsonyourdefinition(定義)of“thinking”,accordingtoMichaelHalassa,aresearcheratMIT,theUS.Webasicallygothrougheachdayinoneoftwostates—weeitherrealizethatwe’rethinkingorwedon’t.Ourbrainswon’tstopthinkingcompletelyuntilwedie.“Thebrainneveractuallystops‘thinking’inabroader(更廣的)sense.Mostthoughtsareactuallyinthebackground(在后面進(jìn)行)withoutusnoticingthemandthere’snotreallyawaytoturnthesethingsoff,”Halassasaid.Humanbrainscanunconsciouslyprocess(無(wú)意識(shí)地處理)about11millionpiecesofinformationpersecond,accordingtoForbes.Youcancomparethistohowacomputerworks.Evenwhenyouaren’tusingyourcomputerwhileit’sturnedon,itisstillrunningoperations“inthebackground”.Yourcomputer,muchlikeyourbrain,isconstantly“thinking”,evenifyou’renotactivelyusingit.Someresearchershavereferredtothisphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)as“thought-chatter”.Itdescribestherandom(胡亂的)thoughtsthatpopinandoutofourmindatdifferenttimesduringtheday,accordingtoSteveTaylor,apsychologylecturer(講師).Somethought-chattercanbeenjoyable,suchasdaydreaming.AlbertEinsteincameupwithhisfamousThe

Theory

of

Relativity(相對(duì)論)whiledaydreamingatwork.Buttoomuchthought-chattercanmakeusfeeltooanxiousorworried,Taylorsaid.Meditation(冥想)canhelpuscleanupsomeofthisthought-chatter.(

B

)11.When“yourthoughtsaregoingaroundincircles”,you

.

A.arethinkingaboutonethingrepeatedly B.arethinkingaboutonethingafteranotherC.cannotthinkaboutaproblemveryclearly D.cannotstopthinkingaboutpasteventsB(

A

)12.WhatdoesParagraph4trytoprove?A.Humanbrainsarethinkingallthetime.B.Humanbrainsworkfasterthancomputers.C.Acomputercandealwithplentyofinformation.D.Acomputercanthinklikeahumanbrain.A(

D

)13.Theunderlinedword“thought-chatter”means“

”inChinese.

A.冥思苦想 B.朝思暮想C.靜思冥想 D.胡思亂想(

B

)14.Accordingtothestory,theword“

”canbeusedtodescribeourbrains.

A.crazy B.busy C.random D.relaxedDB(

C

)15.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thewayhowourbrainswork. B.Howtostopourthoughtsfromworking.C.Whatisthought-chatter? D.Thebenefitsandharmsofthought-chatter.C四、短文填空OneAmericanuniversityusedarobotasoneoftheteacherstohelpstudentswiththeirproblems.Andnoneofthestudentsknewthatwasarobot.JillWatson,arobotmadeinthatuniversity,hasbeenhelpingthestudents1.

for

alongtime.Whenansweringtheirquestions,Jillseemsto2.

be

anexcellentteacher.Shecangivewonderfulanswersinaminute.Shesoundsnaturalandusuallysaysgoodwords.

Whensomeonetoldthestudentsthattheir“teacher”wasarobot,theygotvery3.

surprised

.“Howwasitpossible?Iwastalkingtoa4.

robot

?”saidBailey.“Shesounds5.

like

acommonteacher.”AnotherstudentsJennifertoldthenewspaper,“WearethinkingaboutchoosingJillWatsontobeourbestteacher.Sheisreally6.

helpful

.”

Nowmanystudentsliketo7.

ask

questionsontheirschoolwebsite.Itusuallytakesteacherstoo8.

much

timetoanswerthem.Sotheuniversityhassuch9.

an

ideaofmakingJillWatson.It’safasterwaytohelpthestudentswiththeirproblems.

Jillcanquicklyfindpossibleanswersinher10.

own

computertothequestionsandmakesuretheyareallright.Afterthat,shetellsthestudentsinanelectronicvoicethatsoundslikeafamousactress.

for

be

surprised

robot

likehelpful

ask

much

an

own五、讀寫綜合A.回答問(wèn)題請(qǐng)閱讀下面關(guān)于我國(guó)一些重大科技成就的文章,根據(jù)所提供的信息,回答后面的問(wèn)題。Bigchangeshavetakenplaceinscienceandtechnologyinrecentyears.Manyoftheseinnovations(創(chuàng)新)havehelpedChinacatchupwithotherscientificpowerhouses(強(qiáng)國(guó))orevenleadinsomefields.Chinaisamongtheworld’sresearchleadersinchemistry,materialsscienceandphysics.Ithasalsomadebreakthroughsinhybridrice(雜交水稻),cloningtechnology,deep-seaandspaceexploration.Takehybridriceasanexample.ChineseagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingdevelopedthefirststrain(品種)in1970andthecrophasbeenfeedingthecountrysincethen.Bytheendof2018,farmersinmorethan40countriesandregions(地區(qū))hadplantedmorethan7millionhectares(公頃)ofthecrop.TheJiaolong,China’sfirstmanneddeep-searesearchsubmersible(潛水器),wentintoservicein2010.ItmadeChinathefifthcountry,aftertheUnitedStates,Russia,FranceandJapan,todevelopdeep-seaexplorationtechnology.Inspaceexploration,in2018,Chinabecamethefirstcountrytosendaprobe(探測(cè)器)totheMoon’sfarside,whichalwaysfacesawayfromtheEarth.InJanuary,2019,Chinesescientistsannouncedthecloningoffivemonkeysfromamacaque(獼猴)forbiomedical(生物醫(yī)學(xué)的)research—thefirsttimeintheworldthatthishadbeendone.Still,Chinaneedstoworkharderinkeytechnologicalfieldssuchasmicrochip(微芯片)developmentandenginemanufacturing(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造),saidDouXiankang,presidentofWuhanUniversity.Chinawillfirstneedtoattractmoretalentedresearchers,accordingtoDou.Secondly,thegovernmentneedstooffermorepolicyandmarketsupport,aswellasinvest(投資)moreinhumanresources,toencourageinnovation(創(chuàng)新).1.InwhichaspectsisChinabecomingoneoftheworld’sresearchleaders?

2.Howmanycountriesandregionshadplantedhybridricebytheendof2018?

Chinaisbecomingoneoftheworld’sresearchleadersinchemistry,materialsscienceandphysics.Morethan40countriesandregionshadplantedhybridricebytheendof2018.4.WhatdidChinesescientistscloneinJanuary,2019?

3.What’sChina’sachievementinspaceexplorationin2018?ChinabecamethefirstcountrytosendaprobetotheMoon’sfarside.Chinesescientistsclonedfivemonkeysfromamacaqueforbiomedicalresearch.5.WhatwillChinaneedtodotoencourageinnovationinthefuture?Chinawillneedtoattractmoretalentedresearchersandoffermorepolicyandmarketsupport,aswellasinvestmoreinhumanresources,toencourageinnovation.B.書面表達(dá)我們正處于科技發(fā)展日新月異的時(shí)代,科技創(chuàng)新為我們的生活帶來(lái)了巨大的變化。共享單車、支付寶、淘寶、高鐵被譽(yù)為我國(guó)的“新四大發(fā)明”,它們大大地影響著我們的生活。請(qǐng)你以“Myfavouritenewinvention”為題寫一篇短文。內(nèi)容包括:1.介紹你最喜歡的一項(xiàng)新科技;2.闡述你喜歡它的原因(至少兩點(diǎn));3.你對(duì)未來(lái)生活的期待。作文要求:1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校的真實(shí)名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名。2.語(yǔ)句連貫,詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右。開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。MyfavouritenewinventionOfo,Alipay,Taobaoandhigh-speedtrainarenamedthenewfourinventionsofChina,whichinfluenceourlifegreatly.Amongthefourinventions,Ilike

Alipay

best.

In

China,

Alipay

is

popular

everywhere,

even

the

small

business

can

be

finished

by

this

advanced

way.People

play

the

joke

that

they

don’t

need

to

worry

about

the

lack

of

cash.The

advantages

of

online

payment

are

obvious.

First,

it

saves

our

time

to

pay

bills.The

use

of

online

payment

is

carried

out

with

a

smart

phone.Especial