串講01定語從句(原卷版)

串講01定語從句(精講精練)一、概述1.在主從復合句中，對某一名詞、代詞或名詞短語起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞、代詞或名詞短語叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。2.關系詞分為關系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和關系副詞(when，where，why等)兩類。二、關系代詞的基本用法1.who的用法(指人，在定語從句中充當主語、賓語。)Thepersonwhotalkedtomewasoneofmyclassmates.和我交談的那個人是我的一個同學。(主語)HeisthemanwhoIturntoforhelpverymuch.他就是我求助的那個人。(賓語)2.whom的用法Jackistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.杰克是你應該關心的人。(who/whom可以省略)Theoldmantowhomamedalisawardedisveryinspiring.這位被授予獎章的老人非常鼓舞人心。(whom不能省略)3.which的用法(指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，作賓語時可省略。)Theplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.飛機是一種會飛的機器。(主語)Thegoldmedal(which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.她贏得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。(定語)4.that的用法(既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可以省略。)Thenumberofpeoplethat/whovisitthecityreachesonemillioneveryyear.每年參觀這個城市的人數(shù)達到了一百萬。(主語)Thereport(that)MrTurnerhandedinwasaboutthespeechpetition.特納先生遞交的報告是關于演講比賽的。(賓語，可以省略)Hedoesn’tseemtobethemanthathewastenyearsago.他看起來已經(jīng)不是十年前的樣子了。(表語)5.whose的用法(whose既可指人又可指物，在從句中修飾名詞，作定語。)Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.他住在窗戶朝南的那個房間。(先行詞是物)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.這就是那位聞名全國的科學家。(先行詞是人)歸納：whose指人時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Iwilltalktothosestudentswhosehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，thehomeworkofwhomhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，ofwhomthehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.我將和那些沒按時完成作業(yè)的學生談話。6.as的用法。(既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，先行詞被thesame,such和so修飾。)Inthelastexam,hemadethesamemistakeasyoumade.在上次考試中，他犯了和你一樣的錯誤?！疽族e點提示】1.關系代詞只用that而不用which的情況(1)當先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時。Allthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoumustbeburiedinyourresearch.你必須記住的所有的事情是你必須專心于你的研究。(2)當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。Hewasthefirstsurvivorthatwasdugoutfromtheruins.他是從廢墟中被挖出的第一個幸存者。(3)當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時。Theonlythingthatwecandoisgiveintoourparents’ideas.我們唯一能做的事情就是聽從我們父母的意見。(4)當先行詞既指人又指物時。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地記得我在那個房間見到的人和一些照片。(5)當主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,為避免重復而用that。Whoisthemanthatcametorescueyouinthisdisaster?在這次災難中救你的人是誰?(6)當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。2.只能用which，不能用that的情況：(1)先行詞為物，引導非限制性定語從句時。Ourteachertypicallyassigneddailyhomework,whichwouldberecitedinclassthefollowingday.我們的老師通常每天布置家庭作業(yè)，第二天在課堂上背誦。(2)先行詞為物，關系代詞充當介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關系代詞之前時。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了很多書，這些書花光了我所有的積蓄。(3)引導的定語從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念時。Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,whichisquiteunexpected.到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子募捐到了50000英鎊，這是完全沒有預料到的。3.oneof＋復數(shù)名詞和theonlyoneof＋復數(shù)名詞作先行詞的時候(1)“oneof＋復數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；在肯定句中，“theonlyoneof＋復數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我們班里唯一學過法語的男孩。(2)為避免關系詞的重復，被關系代詞代替的成分不可在從句中重復出現(xiàn)。ThisisthefactorywhichwevisitedlastSunday.(visited后不可加it)這就是我們上星期天參觀的那家工廠。三、關系副詞的基本用法1.關系副詞whenwhen引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time，day，week，month，year等)，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。有時when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據(jù)先行詞的搭配來確定。Thereusedtobeatimewhen(＝duringwhich)Ihatedgoingtoschool.曾有一段時間我不愿意去上學。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(＝onwhich)Ileftforcollegewithmyfather.我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去上大學的那天。2.關系副詞wherewhere引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞(如place，room，house，spot等)，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語。有時where＝in/at/on...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據(jù)先行詞的搭配來確定。Theyareplayingintheparkwhere(＝inwhich)therearemanyflowers.他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。Theofficewhere(＝atwhich)thegirlworksisnotfarfromhere.這個女孩工作的辦公室離這兒不遠。[疑難點津]有一些先行詞，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，屬于抽象的地點名詞，如果定語從句中缺狀語，需用where引導。Youreachapointinanyprojectwhereyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.在任何一個項目中，你都會達到一個你只想把事情做完的階段。Wereachedastagewherewehadtoanswerviolencewithlaw.我們到了必須用法律來對抗暴力的境地。3.關系副詞whywhy引導定語從句時，先行詞常為reason，關系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語?？捎胒orwhich代替。Canyouexplainthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)youdon’thelphim?你能解釋一下不幫助他的原因嗎？Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tetohisbirthdayparty?你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？【名師點津】1.關系詞的3個作用關系詞通常有下列三個作用:(1)引導定語從句;(2)代替先行詞;(3)在定語從句中充當一個成分。2.關系代詞和關系副詞的判定表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引導，也可用關系副詞引導。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應用關系代詞。試比較：Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你還記得我們在農(nóng)場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which在從句中作spent的賓語)Thetalentedpianistreturnedtothecitywherehegrewup.這位天才鋼琴家回到了他長大的城市。(where在從句中作狀語)Thetalentedpianistreturnedtothecitythat/whichhevisitedlastyear.這位天才鋼琴家回到了他去年去過的城市。(that或which在從句中作visited的賓語)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。(why在從句中作原因狀語)Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我堅決不聽你給我們的理由。(that或which在從句中作賓語)定語從句解題三步走第一步：根據(jù)是否修飾某一名詞，放在該名詞之后確定是不是定語從句。第二步：根據(jù)從句中是否缺主語或賓語確定用關系代詞還是關系副詞。如果從句缺主語或賓語，則用關系代詞；如果不缺主語或賓語，則使用關系副詞(或者“介詞＋which”)第三步：根據(jù)先行詞具體所指，確定是哪個關系代詞或者關系副詞。1.(2024浙江1月高考)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway________willmakethemthemostmoney.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語從句。句意：當然，商店不是慈善機構(gòu)——他們以最賺錢的方式給商品定價。在定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為way，所以應用關系代詞that或which。故填that/which。2.(2023北京高考)NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,________thousandswereattendingawaterconference.【答案】where【解析】考查定語從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達一年的系列跑步活動，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個水會議。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chicago，在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。3.(2023?全國甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”【答案】as【解析】考查定語從句。句意：然而，正如雷切爾·卡森在《明日寓言》中所說，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有價值。引導非限定性定語從句，且有“正如”之意，用關系代詞as引導。故填as。4.(20222023學年高一下·江蘇鹽城·期末)Thereisadangerofenteringacycleofhighsandlows________moreandmorefortfood,highincarbohydrates,needstobeeaten.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：有進入高潮和低谷循環(huán)的危險，在這個循環(huán)中需要吃越來越多的高碳水化合物的安慰食物。分析句子，設空處引導的是定語從句，先行詞是cycle，引導詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導從句。故填where。5.(20222023學年江蘇天一中學下學期期末)Heissuchagoodboy________everyonelikes.【答案】as【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他是大家都喜歡的好孩子。分析句子可知，此處為關系代詞as引導的的定語從句，先行詞agoodboy在從句中作賓語成分，此外當先行詞有such，so，as時，關系詞應用as。故填as。6.(20222023學年高一下學期·江蘇南通·期末)Inaword,wehavenowreachedapoint________wewishtoenjoyandunderstandliterature.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：總而言之，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達到了一個我們希望欣賞和理解文學的時刻。分析句子可知，空格處引導定語從句，修飾apoint，從句中作抽象地點，用關系副詞where，故填where。7.(20222023學年江蘇南通高一下學期·期末)Inasociety________beingthinisoftenseenasbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdown.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在一個通常視瘦為美的社會里，青少年有時會采取極端的方法來減肥。分析句子可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞asociety，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，空處應用關系副詞where。故填where。8.(20222023學年高一下·江蘇天一中學·期末)Amoraldilemmaisasituationin________youhavetwoormoredifficultchoicestomake.【答案】which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：道德困境是指你有兩個或兩個以上的艱難選擇要做。句中先行詞為situation，在定語從句中作抽象地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where或介詞in+關系代詞which引導定語從句。根據(jù)句意，故填which。9.(20222023學年高一下·江蘇天一中學·期末)Godhelpthose________helpthemselves.【答案】who【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：天助自助者?？崭窈蟮牟糠譃槎ㄕZ從句，修飾先行詞those，該定語從句缺少主語，所以空格處應該填入一個關系代詞，代替先行詞those在從句中作主語，指人，應該用who。故填who。10.(20222023學年高一下·江蘇天一中學·期末)Iwillalwaysrememberthescene________allpeopleweremovedtotears.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我會永遠記得那個所有人都感動得流下眼淚的場景。空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞thescene，關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，需用關系副詞where引導。故填where。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Ourteacherssparenoefforttocreateanatmosphere________enablesustostudyattentivelyandharmoniously.2.Wolvesarehighlysocialanimals________successdependsuponcooperation.3.Thebuilding________wearelookingatusedtobeahospital.4.I’msurethereareallkindsofhistoricsites________culturalrelicsneedtobeprotected.5.Inthefuture,scientistsplantousesustainablesuppliesofcells________canbemaintainedinthelab.6.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterials________protectitemsduringshipping.7.ZhongWen’an,chiefengineerattheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,saidtheyhadpletedthemostextensiverehearsalbeforelaunch,________isalsothefinaljointrehearsal.8.Thisisthereason________hegavemeforhisbeinglate.9.Happinessandsuccessoftenetothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.10.Someone________iscapablehastheskillorqualitiesnecessarytodoaparticularthingwell.11.Thecountry’shighesthonorisgiventothose________havemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.12.Thestudentingfromthecountrywasstarvingforthefriendshipfromthose________efromthecity.13.InNewYorkandParis,it’snothardtospotfancylocalshopssellingWhiteRabbitmerchandisetodedicatedfansofforeignconsumers________toohavehoppedonthebandwagon.14.I’mcuriousaboutthepersonwith________Mr.Smithistalking.15.(20232024學年高二上·山東濟寧·期末)Iencounteredanoldfriendfrom________Ihadpartedformanyyears.16.Shememorizedanancientpoem________nameIdidn'tknow.17.Somepeople________intentionistomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirine,believingthatiswheretheirhappinesslies.18.Heisnothalfsuchafool________theythought.19.Heissuchaperson________isrespectedbyallofus.20.TheBird’sNestissuchafantasticbuilding________attractsagreatmanytourists.21.Themanwith________Ishookhandsjustnowismydaughter’sEnglishteacher.22.Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewallthrough________hecouldseewhatishappeningoutside.23.Heopensadoor________whichourimaginationentersanewworld,aworldoflove,beautyandheroism.24.Thepeople________whomMrSmithassociatesareallhighlyrespectable.25.(20232024學年高一下·福建泉州·階段練習)Thelaboratory________whichtheyworkedhadpoorairquality.26.Hereweareatthebeautifulbelltowerfor________thevillageisfamous.27.Theparkoffersvisitorsasightofnatureat________majoritiesofpeopleneverhavethechancetotakealook.28.Iwilltellyoutheway

________youcanstudyEnglishwell,becauseIknowtheway________youhaveacceptedisnotthebest.29.Imetmyschoolmatenearthesupermarketin________Ioftengoshoppingwithmum.30.IjoinedCasey,whowaslookingupatthescreen________whichreaders’mentskeptpoppingup.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Youcouldstudy________________(動物的生長方式)andhowtheyact.2.(20232024學年高一下·浙江湖州·開學考試)Henrytoldmethat________________(曾經(jīng)有一段時間)hestayedupeverynight.3.(20232024學年高一上·廣東廣州·期末)PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,________________(這個組織運作一個阻止……的項目，兩個定語從句)worldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.4.(20232024學年高一上·廣東廣州·期末)WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeans________________(通過它中國的現(xiàn)在與其過去連接起來定語從句).5.Hewrotealetter________________(在信中他解釋了發(fā)生的事情)intheaccident.6.Iamlookingforwardtotheday________________(那時我女兒能讀懂這本書)andknowmyfeelingsforher.7.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butI________________(并不同意你講的一切).8.(20232024學年高一上·廣東江門·階段練習)Thereesthetime________________tostudy.(每個人都不遺余力地…).(用定語從句)9.Mymotherwassoproudofall________________(我所做的)thatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.(do)10.________________(我所想到的解決這個問題的方法)provetobepractical.(way)Ⅲ句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thebookthatheborrowedyesterdayiswellworthreading.(改為省略句)→________________yesterdayiswellworthreading.2.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.→________________wasredandverypainful.3.There’sanotesayingwhentheshopwillopenagain.→There’sanote________________whenthe