感覺(jué)器官解剖生理課件

感覺(jué)器官解剖生理PartVThesensoryorgansChapteroneThevisualorganconsistsofeyeballandaccessoryorgansofeye.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理SectiononetheEyeball

一、ThestructureofeyeballTheeyeballcomprisesthewalloftheeyeballandthecontentsenclosedbyit．

感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理(一)TheWallofEyeballItconsistsofthreetunics(layers)，

fromoutsideinwards，

whicharethefibroustunic，thevasculartunicandretina．

感覺(jué)器官解剖生理1Thefibroustunic(outersupportinglayer)consistsofthesclerabehindandthecorneainfront.1)Thescleraa.features:posteriorfive-sixthsoftheouterlayer.strong,whiteandopaqueb.scleralvenoussinus(Schlemm’canal)2)Thecorneaa.features:anteriorone-sixthoftheouterlayer.transparentandnon-vascular,butrichnerveterminals感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2.Thevasculartunicconsistsoftheiris,theciliarybodyandthechoroid1)Theirisa.locationandshapeb.pupilc.sphincteranddilatorpupillaed.iridocornealanglee.colour:brown,dark,blue.dependsuponthenumberandplacementofpigmentcells(melanocytes)感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2)Theciliarybodya.locationandshapeb.ciliaryringandciliaryprocessesc.ciliarymuscled.ciliaryzonule(suspensoryligament)e.function:produceaqueoushumor感覺(jué)器官解剖生理3)Thechoroida.locationandshape:posteriortwothirdsofchoroidb.features:numerousbloodvesselsandpigmentcells感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理3.Theinnertunic(theretina)1)Division:theopticpart,ciliarypartandiridialpart2)Construction:twolayers→outerpigmentedlayerandinnerneuroretina(photoreceptors:rodandconecells)3)Opticdisc(blindspot)4)Maculalutea:foveacentralis→visionissharpest感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理（二）Thecontentsoftheeyeballincludetheaqueoushumor,thevitreousbodyandthelens.Withthecorneaaltogethertoformtherefractivemedia.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理l.Thechambersoftheeye:betweenthecorneaandthelens;anddividedintotheanteriorandtheposteriorchambersbytheiris.Itisfilledwithaqueoushumor.2.Theaqueoushumor:producedbythecapillariesoftheciliaryprocesses.Itiscolourless,transparentandwateryfluid.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理3.Thelens1)Location:liesbetweentheirisandthevitreousbody.2)Features:transparentandelastic,biconvexbodylackingvesselsandnerves3）Structures:outercortexandinnernucleus感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理4.Thevitreousbodycolourless,transparentandjelly-likesubstance.Itfillsthespacebetweenthelensandtheretina(thevitreouschamber)感覺(jué)器官解剖生理SectiontwotheaccessoryorgansofeyeTheaccessoryorgansoftheeyeincludestheeyelid,theconjunctiva,thelacrimalapparatus,theextraocularmusclesandthefasciae.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理一、Theeyelids(orpalpebrae)includetheupperandlowereyelids1Structures:Palpebralfissure,lacrimalpapillaandpunctum2Layers:skin,subcutaneousareolartissue,orbicularisoculi,tarsus,andconjunctiva.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理二、TheconjunctivaDivision:bulbarconjunctiva,palpebralconjunctivaandconjunctivalfornix感覺(jué)器官解剖生理三、TheLacrimalApparatusconsistsofthelacrimalglandandtbelacrimalpassages感覺(jué)器官解剖生理1Thelacrimalgland:liesinthelacrimalfossaoftheorbit感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2Thelacrimalpassages1)Thelacrimalpunctum2)Thelacrimalductule(canaliculus)3)Thelacrimalsac4)Thenasolacrimalduct感覺(jué)器官解剖生理四、Theextraocularmuscles1Thefourrectusmusclesthemedialandlateralrectuses,thesuperiorandposteriorrectuses2Thetwoobliquemusclesthesuperiorobliquus(superiorobliquem.)andtheinferiorobliguus(inferiorobliquem.)3Thelevatorpalpebraesuperioris感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理五、TheconnectivetissueintheOrbit1Theadiposebodyoforbit2Thesheathofeyeball(thecapsuleofTenon)3Theepiscleralspace感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理SectionthreeThebloodvesselsofeye一、Thearteriesofeyesuppliedbytheophthalmicartery1Thecentralarteryofretina:superiorandinferiornasalretinalarteries,superiorandinferiortemporalretinalarteries2Theshortposteriorciliaryarteries:supplythechoroidcoatandciliaryprocess3Thelongposteriorciliaryarteries:supplytheiris感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理二、Theveinsofeye1Theophthalmicveins:thesuperiorandtheinferiorophthalmicv.2Thecentralveinofretina感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理ChaptertwothevestibulocochlearorganThevestibulocochlearorganisdividedintothreeparts:theexternal,middleandinternalears.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理Sectiononetheexternalear

Theexternalearconsistsoftheauricle,externalacousticmeatus,andtympanicmembrane

感覺(jué)器官解剖生理1Theauricle感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2Theexternalacousticmeatusextendsfromtheexterna1acousticporetothetympanicmembrane1)Twoparts:lateralpart:thecartilaginouspart(one-third)medialpart:thebonypart(two-thirds)2)Direction:passesmedially,itslateralpartrunsforwardsandupwards,andthenbackwardsandthemedialpartrunsforwardsanddownwards感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理3Thetympanicmembraneovalinform,thinandsemi-transparent1)Twoparts:tensepart(lowerthreefourthsoftympanicmembrane)andflaccidpart(upperonefourth)2)Theumbo3)Coneoflight:lieanteroinferiortothetensepartofumbo感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理SectiontwothemiddleearThemiddleearliesbetweentheexternalandinnerears,andincludesthreeparts:thetympaniccavity,theauditorytubeandthemastoidcells.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理1Thetympaniccavityl)Thewallsofthetympaniccavity→sixwalls:a.Thetegmentalwall(superiorwall)b.Thejugularwall(inferiorwall)c.Thecarotidwall(anteriorwall)d.Themastoidwall(posteriorwall)e.Themembranouswall(lateralwall)f.Thelabyrinthinewall(medialwall)感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2)Theauditoryossiclesa.threeossicles:themalleus,incusandstapesb.Themusclesofthetympaniccavity:thetensortympaniandthestapedius感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2Theauditorytube(Eustachiantube)

thechannelthroughwhichthetympaniccavitycommunicateswiththenasopharynx.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理3Themastoidcellsspacesinthemastoidprocessofthetemporalbone感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理Sectionthreetheinternalear

Theinternal(inner)earliesinthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneandconsistsoftwoparts:

thebonylabyrinthandthemembranouslabyrinth.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理一、Thebonylabyrinththreeparts:

thecochlea,thevestibuleandthesemicircularcanals.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理1Thecochlea:looksliketheshellofasnailandcomposedofthebonycanal感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理2Thevestibule:thecentralpartofthebonylabyrinth.Onitslateralwall,therearetwoopenings:thefenestravestibuliandthefenestracochleae.Ontheposteriorwallofthevestibuletherearethefiveopeningsofthesemicircularcanals.Onitsanteriorwallalargeopeningcommunicateswiththescalavestibuli.感覺(jué)器官解剖生理感覺(jué)器官解剖生理3Thesemicircularcanalsthreeinnumber,anterior(superior),posteriorandlateralsemicircularcanal感覺(jué)器官解剖生理二、Themembranouslabyrinthfrombeforebackwards,includes:thecochlearduct,theutric