高中英語(yǔ)北師大版必修一Part 3　Grammar (2)-不定代詞

Part3Grammar(2)——不定代詞1．Aspeopleoftensay，anyexerciseisbetterthannone.2．Itisagreatsportforbeginners—youdonotneedagymmembershiporanyspecialequipment.3．Youarealsosomebodywhoworriesaboutgettingsick.4．Besides,anybodywhoisfeelingdowncangoforaruntocheerthemselvesup.不指明代替任何特定對(duì)象的代詞叫作不定代詞。英語(yǔ)中的不定代詞常成對(duì)出現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)分述如下：1．some和any(1)some和any都可修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。(2)當(dāng)表示請(qǐng)求或要求并希望對(duì)方能給出肯定的回答時(shí)，some也可用于疑問(wèn)句；any表示“任何”之意時(shí)，也可用于肯定句。Iwanttogotothemarkettogetsomefruit.我想去市場(chǎng)上買點(diǎn)水果。Doyouhaveanybooksforchildrenhere?你這兒有適合兒童讀的書(shū)嗎？2．a(chǎn)ll和both(1)all表示三者或三者以上的人或物；both表示兩者。(2)all和both都可以與定冠詞連用，置于定冠詞之前。(3)all與both后加of時(shí)，of后的名詞前必須有限定詞。(4)all與both可作為同位語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。Notallballsareround.不是所有的球都是圓的。Theyarebothinterestedinmusic.他們兩個(gè)都對(duì)音樂(lè)感興趣。Areallthestudentsheretoday?今天所有的學(xué)生都到了嗎？3．neither和either(1)neither和either均用于指兩者，neither意為“兩者都不”，either意為“(兩者中的)任何一個(gè)”“(兩者中的)每個(gè)，各方”。(2)neither和either只用于指兩者，指三者或三者以上要用none和any。(3)兩者均可修飾可數(shù)名詞，但被修飾名詞要用單數(shù)形式。Neitherofusenjoysgettingupearly.我們倆誰(shuí)也不喜歡早起。Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.街道兩旁都有樹(shù)。4．each和every(1)each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，指兩者或兩者以上的人或物，在句子中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，也可做定語(yǔ)(修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)；every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，只能指三者或三者以上的人或物，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(2)兩個(gè)用and連接的名詞若受each或every修飾且用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。(3)every后接“數(shù)字或each/every＋名詞”可表示“每……”。(4)each用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后作同位語(yǔ)，后面的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Every/Eachboyandgirlhasagift.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一份禮物。Thestudentseachhaveadictionary.學(xué)生每人有一本字典。Hecomeshomeeverytwoweeks.他每隔兩周回家一次。5．none和noone(1)none既指人又指物，其后可接表示范圍的of短語(yǔ)；noone通常只用于指人，不用于指物，其后不能接表示范圍的of短語(yǔ)。(2)noone用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；none用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，若指可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Nonewas/werepresentatthattime.當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有人在場(chǎng)。Noneoftheirpromiseshas/havebeenkept.他們的諾言一個(gè)也沒(méi)有信守。Noonehaseverfoundawaytosolvetheproblem.從來(lái)沒(méi)有人找到過(guò)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法。6．few和afew(1)few表示否定意義，意為“很少”“幾乎沒(méi)有”；afew表示肯定意義，意為“幾個(gè)”“一些”。兩者都必須修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在句子中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。(2)few前若使用了定冠詞、物主代詞或其他限定詞，則表示肯定意義。Thisisaveryoldsong，sofewyoungpeopleknowit.這是一首非常古老的歌曲，因此很少有年輕人知道它。Therearen’tmanyorangeshere，butyoucantakeafewifyouwantto.這里的橘子不是很多，不過(guò)你想要的話可以拿幾個(gè)。Hewasamongthefewwhohavereadit.他是少數(shù)幾個(gè)讀過(guò)它的人之一。7．little和alittlelittle表示否定意義，意為“很少”“幾乎沒(méi)有”；alittle表示肯定意義，意為“一些”“一點(diǎn)”。兩者均只用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)等。Ihavelittlesparetime.我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有空余時(shí)間。Weknowalittleabouthislife.我們對(duì)他的生活知道一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。8．one，another(1)one指一個(gè)或相似的一個(gè)；another指另外的一個(gè)，二者均表示泛指。(2)one可與this，that，the等連用，表示特指；another不能與這些詞連用，也不能表示特指。Idon’thaveabook；canyoulendmeone?我沒(méi)有書(shū)，你能借我一本嗎？Pleasegivemeanotherone.請(qǐng)給我另一個(gè)。Thisoneisbetterthantheoneoverthere.這個(gè)比那邊的那個(gè)好些。9．much和manymuch修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞，many修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Hisnameisfamiliartomanypeople.他的名字為許多人所熟悉。Thechildrenhavetoomuchhomeworktodo.孩子們有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做。10.other，theother，others，theothers(1)other，others表泛指，theother，theothers表特指。(2)other和theother后可接名詞，theother也可單獨(dú)使用；而others和theothers則只能單獨(dú)使用，不能后接名詞。(3)other和theother既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù)，具體視它所代替或修飾名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，而others和theothers則表示復(fù)數(shù)。Don’tlaughatotherpeopleinanyplaces.在任何場(chǎng)合都不要嘲笑別人。Hehastwouncles.Oneisabusinessman；theotherisanengineer.他有兩個(gè)叔叔，一個(gè)是商人，另一個(gè)是工程師。Don’tcutinwhenothersaretalking.別人說(shuō)話時(shí)別插話。OnlyJimwasthere.Theothershadleft.只有吉姆在那兒，其余的人都離開(kāi)了。11．復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞由some，any，every，no與body，one，thing構(gòu)成，如somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone，noone，something，anything，everything，nothing等。(1)不定代詞被定語(yǔ)所修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)則須放在它們的后面。(2)指代something，anything，nothing，everything等復(fù)合不定代詞用it。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告訴你。Wecan’tdecideanythingnow.我們現(xiàn)在什么也不能決定。Ifyouwantanything，callme.如果你需要什么，給我打電話。Everythingwentaccordingtotheplan，didn’tit?一切都是按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，不是嗎？單句語(yǔ)法填空①Allofthestudentsareinterestedinit.②Hehastwosons，neitherofwhomisrich.③Unfortunately，Ihadlittlemoneyonme.④Theboyhadnothingtodoallday，sohefeltbored.⑤Airpollutionisgettingworse.Wemustdosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.⑥Theteacheraskedthequestionagain，butstillnobodyanswered.【基礎(chǔ)練】Ⅰ.根據(jù)英漢提示寫(xiě)出單詞的適當(dāng)形式1．Click(點(diǎn)擊)yourmouseandthemessagecanbesenttoyourfriendinasecond.2．Withanoxygen(氧氣)tankfastenedonhisback，Larrydivedintotheocean.3．Somepeopledreamofbecomingfamousovernight(一下子)．4．Alongwithothersystems(系統(tǒng))，thebodyclockcontrolsthesleep/wakecycle.5．Daisyhadoneofherupper(上面的)teethpulledoutlastSunday.6．Asweknow，everytravelertoaforeigncountryfeelsawkward(尷尬的)atsomepoint.7．Firstyoushouldsetagoalwhichcanbeachievable(achieve)atthemoment.8．Infact，newequipment(equip)shouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.9．MymothergavemeahugandIcouldseesatisfaction(satisfy)inhereyes.10．Mr.Hawkingtooksomemedicinetorelieve(relief)thepaininhishead.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Totheirrelief，theyhadfoundtheirlostchild.2．Mycousinisveryparticularaboutherclothes.3．There’snodoubtthatgooddietisbeneficialtohealth.4．Doyouknowwhatjobheiscapableof?5．There’snothingtopreventyouaccepting(accept)theoffer.6．Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.7．Largeamountsofmoneywere(be)spentonthebridgelastyear.8．Reading(read)Englishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoualotofgood.9．Itisnecessaryforustopreventtheglobalwarming.10．Thedoctorsaidthatthemedicinewouldrelievemeofmyheadache.11．Pleaseforgetthemistakesyoumadeandcheerup．12．LasttermLilywasfedupwithherdeskmateandaskedMr.Greentochangeseatsforher.13．Wheneverhefeelsdown，Brucealwaysgoestomeforadvice.14．Youmustwarmupproperlysothatyoudon’thurtyourselfonthemachines.15．Muchofwhathesaidwasnewtome.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Aspeopleoftensay，practicemakesperfect.正如人們常說(shuō)的那樣，熟能生巧。2．Thereisnootherbetterwaytoimproveyourselfexcepthardwork.除了努力工作，沒(méi)有別的可以提升自己的更好辦法。3．Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguagewellintoday’sworld.在當(dāng)今世界，學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)是十分重要的。4．Theydon’tallowanyonetoenterthehallwithoutpermission.未經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)，他們不允許任何人進(jìn)入大廳。5．Youarecapableofdoingitbetterthanthis.你有能力比這做得更好。6．Whilestandingbythewindow，henoticedthatstrangeperson.站在窗戶旁邊時(shí)，他注意到了那個(gè)奇怪的人?！咎崮芫殹竣?閱讀理解ALastweek，wetalkedabouttheconflictbetweensleepyteenagersandearlymorningclasses.Manypeoplecommentedonourwebsite.Forexample，DamlaEceinTurkeywrote：Iagreewiththeideaofstartinglessonslatersoteenagerscanfeelbetterinthemorning.Butsleepingmorethansevenhourscanbewastingtimeforstudents.TraninVietnamdisagreed：Ithinkteenagers，onaverage，needeighttotenhoursofsleepeveryday.It’suselesstotrytoforcethemtoconcentratewhiletheycan’tconcentrate.AfshinHeydarifromIranwrote：Schoolsshouldstartearlytoavoidheavytrafficlaterinthemorning.AndSuzefromJordanwrote：WhenIwasateenager，Ienjoyedtakingmycoursesasearlyaspossible.ThatwayIcouldfindalongtimeinthedaytodomyownactivities.ButAzrafromKyrgyzstansaid：Thereasonwhyschoolsstartearlyhereisalackofclassrooms.AndJorujiinJapanwrote：WhenIwasateenager，Iusedtogetupbeforesixtogotoschool，whichwasfarfromhome，andIdon’trememberhavingproblems.IthinknowadaystheInternet，TVgamesandcellphonesmaketeensgotosleeplater.Thirty－year－oldKikainSpainsaid：Inmyopinion，youngpeopleareverylazy.ButDennisJindisagreed：ForhighschoolstudentsinChina，wemustreachclassat6：20inthemorningandbebackhomeusuallyat10：00intheevening.Thenwe’llhavesomeextraschoolworktodo.Canyouimaginehowlongcouldwesleepeveryday?Teenagersarenottheonlyoneswhosuffer.KathyinCanadawrote：Mydaughterlikescomplainingabouteverythinginthemorning，andIknowthatthisisfromlackofsleep.Iwishschoolsshouldchangetheirstarttimeto8：30or9：00inthemorning.AndNaimaStarinLibyawrote：Gettingupsoearlyinthemorningandleavingthewarmbedissodifficult，especiallyinthecoldweather.Itremindsmeofthatoldsong：“It’snicetogetupinthemorning，butit’snicertostayinbed.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是議論文。在校青少年學(xué)生如何在課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的情況下保證充足的睡眠一直是人們關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。本文從一個(gè)網(wǎng)站節(jié)選了部分學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)對(duì)這一話題的討論留言。1．Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom．A．a(chǎn)personalletter B．a(chǎn)travelguideC．a(chǎn)geographybook D．a(chǎn)radiobroadcast答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Manypeoplecommentedonourwebsite.”及文章中的“...wrote...”可推知，本文最可能節(jié)選自一篇電臺(tái)廣播稿。]2．Aboutteenagers’sleepingtime，whichpeoplebelongtoonegroup?A．Joruji，TranandKika.B．Tran，KathyandDennisJin.C．Suze，KathyandAfshinHeydari.D．Suze，TranandAfshinHeydari.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Tran，Kathy和DennisJin三人的觀點(diǎn)可判斷，他們都贊成推遲上課時(shí)間，以延長(zhǎng)青少年的睡眠時(shí)間。]3．FromDennisJin’swords，wecanseeheexpressedhis．A．a(chǎn)mazement B．pleasureC．determination D．dissatisfaction答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中節(jié)選的DennisJin的觀點(diǎn)可知，他認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在青少年的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)太重，睡眠時(shí)間不足。因此，他表達(dá)了他的不滿。]4．Whilegivinghisview，Suzetookintoconsideration.A．hisownhabit B．politicalsituationC．schoolenvironment D．trafficconditions答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，Suze借自己的個(gè)人習(xí)慣闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。]BSoccerstarCarliLloydmadehistoryasamemberoftheUnitedStateswomen’snationalsoccerteam,whichwonthe2015FIFAWomen’sWorldCup.LloydbecamethefirstpersonevertoscorethreegoalsinasinglegameduringaWomen’sWorldCupfinal,helpingtheU．S.beatJapan5—2inthefinalmatch.Duringthatgame，Lloydscoredtwogoalswithinthefirstfiveminutes.Lloydwasnamedthemostvaluableplayerof2015WorldCupandwontheGoldenBallTrophy.InNovember，itwasannouncedthatLloydwasontheshortlistforFIFA’sPusksAward,fortheseason’sbestsinglegoal.ThegoalwasconsideredherthirdduringtheWorldCupfinal，whichsheshotfromthefield’shalfwayline,50yardsfromthenet.Shewastheonlywomannominated(提名)thisyear.Lloydbecameaforceinwomen’ssoccerlongbeforetheU．S.team’sWorldCupwon.ShegrewupinDelran，NewJersey,asmalltownnearPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.Shebeganplayingsocceratage5.Byhighschool，shewasapowerhouseinthesport.ThePhiladelphiaInquirernamedherGirls’HighSchoolPlayeroftheYearin1999and2000.SheattendedRutgersUniversity，inNewJerseyandgraduatedastheschool’sall－timeleaderinNewJersey,whereshewasacollegiatesoccerstar.LloydhaswontwoOlympicgoldmedals.Shehasscoredwinninggoalsinmanyimportantmatches,includingthefinalsinboththe2008and2012Olympics.Inall,Lloydhasscoredmorethan70goalsasamemberofthewomen’snationalteam.Shehasalsoplayedonseveralprofessionalteams，andiscurrentlyamidfielder(中場(chǎng)球員)intheUnitedStateswomen’snationalsoccerteam.Offthefield,LloydgivesbacktohercommunitybyrunningasoccercampforyoungpeopleinNewJersey.SheisahometownheroinDelran;alocalicecreamshopevennamedaflavorCarli’sCakeBatterCookieDoughKickinherhonor.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。足球明星CarliLloyd在2015年國(guó)際足聯(lián)女子世界杯決賽中成為第一位在一場(chǎng)比賽中進(jìn)三個(gè)球的球員，贏得比賽后的CarliLloyd獲得了許多榮譽(yù)，她也為回饋?zhàn)约旱募亦l(xiāng)做了一些事。5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Lloyd’sinfluenceonherteam.B．Lloyd’sprogressinhercareer.C．Lloyd’sgoalsasasoccerplayer.D．Lloyd’sawardsafterhersuccess.答案D[主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要敘述Lloyd贏得比賽后所獲得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和榮譽(yù)。]6．WhatcanweknowaboutLloydduringcollegeinParagraph3?A．Shewasasoccerstar.B．Shestartedplayingsoccer.C．Shefailedtofinishhereducation.D．Shejoinedthenationalsoccerteam.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“SheattendedRutgersUniversity...whereshewasacollegiatesoccerstar.”可知，Lloyd是大學(xué)的足球明星，故選A。]7．Whyisanicecreamshopmentionedinthelastparagraph?A．TostressLloydhasagreattalentinbusiness.B．TodescribeLloyd’simportantroleintheshop.C．ToshowLloyd’shighlyrespectedbypeople.D．ToproveLloyd’ssuccessasaprofessionalplayer.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Lloydgivesbacktohercommunity...inherhonor”可知，Lloyd通過(guò)為新澤西州的年輕人開(kāi)一個(gè)足球訓(xùn)練營(yíng)來(lái)回饋社區(qū)，她是Delran的家鄉(xiāng)英雄。當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患冶苛艿暌訪loyd的名字命名了一種口味的冰淇淋，表達(dá)對(duì)Lloyd的敬意，故選C項(xiàng)。]8．Whichsectionofanewspaperisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．History. B．Sports.C．Culture. D．Politics.答案B[推理判斷題。本文主要敘述了足球明星CarliLloyd在2015年國(guó)際足聯(lián)女子世界杯決賽中成為第一位在一場(chǎng)比賽中進(jìn)三個(gè)球的球員。由此可推知，本文可能出自體育版塊。]Ⅱ.七選五Goodhealthandfitnessareimportanttous.1However，justafewminutesofexerciseadaycanactuallyimproveone’shealth.Whetherit’sasimplefive－minutewalkoralonghikeinthewoods，exercisecanbegoodforyouinmanyways.Herearesometipstohelpyougetfitandhealthy.2Short－termgoalsareeasytoachieve.Long－termgoalswilltakeyououtofyourcomfortzone.Forashort－termgoal，youshoulddrinkonegreendrinkeveryday.Along－termgoalwouldbetotrainfora5K，10Koranevenmoredifficulttask.Getsupportfromotherpeople.Reachingouttootherswhosharesimilargoalswillhelpyoureachyourgoalsfaster.JoinaWeightWatchersgrouporalocalwalkorrunningclubinyourarea.3Findanonlineweightlossforum(論壇)forsupport.Workoutwhileyou’redoingsomethingelse.Any