職稱英語考試閱讀理解

閱讀理解新增文章（共6篇）

目錄：

第二篇（C級）：WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict

第六篇（C級）：WeavingwithLight

第三十四篇（B級）:BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

第三十八篇（B級）：LongerLivesforWildElephants

第四十五篇（A級）：SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

第四十六篇（A級）:MarvelousMetamaterials

WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict

Inafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil,scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworld

conventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlier

thansomeotherpredictions.TheirstudyisinACS'Energy&Fuelsl.

IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloi1consumptionhas

sparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting“peakoil"."Peakoil"isthepointwhereoilproduction

reachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthis

point,andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.Oneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalled

theHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelated

conceptisthat4of"PeakOil."Theterm"PeakOil“indicatesthemomentinwhichworldwide

productionwi11peak,afterwardstostartonirreversibledeciine.

TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStates

in1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproduction

worldwide.

However,recentstudiesshowthatthemode1isinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoil

productioncyclesofsomecountries.Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges,

politics,andotherfactors,thescientistssay.

ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesa

morerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast.Usingthenewmodel,thescientistsevaluated

theoi1productiontrendsof47majoroi1-producingcountries,whichsupplymostoftheworld's

conventionalcrudeoi16.Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeak

in2014,yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld'soilreserves7

arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-related

decisionsandpublicpolicydebate,theysuggest.

詞匯：

conservev.保護，保存irreversibleadj.不可逆的，不可改變的

crudeoil原油

sparkv.閃耀；激發(fā);鼓舞insufficient不充分的，不足的

curven.曲線

注釋：

1.ACS'Energy&Fuels：ACS是AmericanChemicalSociety(美國化學學會)的縮寫。該學會成立于1876

年，現(xiàn)已成為世界最大的科技協(xié)會。多年來，ACS一直致力于為全球化學研究機構、企業(yè)及個人提供高品

質的文獻資訊及服務。ACS出版的期刊有34種，這些期刊在化學領域中是被引用次數(shù)最多的化學期刊，

Energy&Fuels即是其中一本。

2.theHubbertmodel：赫伯特模型是美國地質學家M.KingHubbert于1956年創(chuàng)建的，這是一個隨時

間增長的模型，Hubbert將其引入油氣田開發(fā)，經(jīng)推導使其成為一個可以預測油氣田累積產(chǎn)量、瞬時產(chǎn)量、

年產(chǎn)量和可采儲量等多項開發(fā)指標的多功能預測模型。

3.abellshapedcurve：鐘形曲線

4.thatofpeakoil：that指代concept。

5.accountfor：說明，解釋

6.conventionalcrudeoil：常規(guī)原油

7.oilreserves：石油儲量。通常使用復數(shù)形式reserves。

練習：

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"sparked"appearinginparagraph

2?

A.flashed

B.stimulated

C.changed

I),ended

2.Theterm"abel1shapedcurve"appearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloi1production

will

A.taketheshapeofaflatcurve.

B.keepgrowing.

C.keepdeciining.

I),starttodeclineafterglobaloi1productionpeaks.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmodel?

A.Itsuccessful1ypredictedthatoi1productionpeakedintheU.S.in1970.

B.Ithasbeenusedtopredictoi1productioninmanycountries.

C.Itisinsufficienttoexplainoi1productioncyclesinsomecountries.

I).11providesaveryrealisticandaccurateoi1production.

4.Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Itpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014.

B.Itpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47countries.

C.ItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertmodel.

D.Itdiscoversanewgendofworldwideoilproduction.

5.WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?

A.Americanscientists.

B.Kuwaitiscientists.

C.Britishscientists.

D.Scientistsof47majoroil-producingcountries.

答案與題解：

l.Bspark詞做及物動詞使用時有“發(fā)動”、“激發(fā)”的意思，在此意為stimulated,即“引發(fā)”，

這個句子的意思是：全球石汕消費的快速增長已引發(fā)了對“石油峰值”預測的興趣。

2.1）此句接下來的句子中所提到的arelatedconcept即是與abel1shapedcurve相關的概念，也

就是說，接卜.來的這個句子對abellshapedcurve做了解釋，即世界石油生產(chǎn)達到最大峰值后將卜降。

3.D文章的第三段告訴我們，Hubbert預測模型精確地預測到美國石油生產(chǎn)于1970年將達到峰值。這

-模型口受到公認后，U,用于預測世界石油生產(chǎn)。第四段說，這?模型對于某些國家更加復雜的石油生產(chǎn)

周期而言，其計算尚不充分。這些生產(chǎn)周期受到技術的改變、政策和其他因索的很大影響。所以，A、B和

C都是對Hubbert模型的正確說明。

4.A選項B、C和D所述內(nèi)容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告訴我們，科學家使用新的模型評估了47

個主要的產(chǎn)油國家的石油生產(chǎn)趨勢，并預計全球常規(guī)原油生產(chǎn)到2014年將達最高峰值。所以，A是答案。

5.B短文第段的第?個句子提供了答案。

第AA-八t-篇AW

WeavingwithLight

IntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexicol,thenativeHuicholpeople2live

muchthewaytheirancestorsdid-withoutelectricity.That*sbecauseit*stooexpensivetostring

powerlines3totheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.Tohelpsupportthemselves,theHuichol

createbeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.

Andwithoutelectricity-athomeorontheroad,theycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.When

itgetsdark,theymuststopwhateverthey'redoing.

Now,ateamofscientists,designers,andarchitectsisusing4newtechnologiestoprovide

theHuicholwithlightafterthesunsetsThescientists*techniqueinvolvesweavingtiny

electroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothes,bags,orotheritems.

Bycollectingthesun'senergyduringtheday,theselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhite

1ightatnight.Theirinventorshavenamedthefabrics"PortableLights."PortableLightshave

thepotentialtotransformthe1ivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworld,saysproject

leaderSheilaKennedy.

“Ourinvention,“Kennedysays,“camefromseeinghowwecouldtransformtechnologywesaw

everydayintheUnitedStatesandmoveitintonewmarketsforpeoplewhodidn'thavealot

ofmoney.”

Atthecoreof5PortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightness1ight-emitting

diodes,orHBLEDs6.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclocks,televisions,andstreetlights.

LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoa

typecalledincandescentlights.Inside,electricityheatsametalcoiltoabout2,200degrees

Celsius.Atthattemperature,bulbsgiveoff1ightwecansee.

Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescent1ights,however,isheat-andinvisible.

Withallthatwastedenergy,bulbsbumoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken.

LEDs,ontheotherhand,areliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmoleculesthatarearranged

inacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLED,thecrystalstructure

produceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbs,theycanproducelightofvariouscolors.Withinan

LED,thetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.

詞匯：

Portableadj.輕便的，手提式的incandescentadj.白灼的

Light-emittingdiode(LED)發(fā)光二極管coiln.線圈,卷,圈

Bulbn.燈泡;球狀物moleculen.分子

注釋：

1.SierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexico：怨西哥中西部的馬德雷山脈。Sierra一

詞在西班牙語中本身就包含了“山脈”的意思，確切地說是“呈齒狀起伏的山脈〃，因為在西班牙語中

Sierra有“鋸子”的意思。

2.Huicholpeople：維克人。他們是居住在墨西哥中西部地區(qū)馬德雷山脈的土著印地安人。該地區(qū)山

路崎嶇，所以西班牙人未涉足于此，墨西哥文化也沒能影響維克人的土著文化。據(jù)估計，維克印地安人現(xiàn)

僅存約?萬人。

3.stringpowerlines：架設輸電線

4.Now,ateamofscientists…isusing：ateamofscientists可以視作單數(shù)，也可以視作復數(shù)。

本句用作單數(shù)，所以后接的謂語動詞是is。

5.Atthecoreof：此處thecoreof意為thebasicormostimportantpartof(最重要的部分)。

6.AtthecoreofPortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emitting

diodes,orHBLEDs：本句是倒裝句，主語是"devicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes,

orHBLEDs",謂語動向是"are"。High-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes可譯為“高亮度發(fā)光二極

管。

練習：

1.Tomakealiving,theHuicholcreateartworkand

A.sellittotouristsintheirvillages.

B.sellitcitiesfarawayfromtheirvillages.

C.displayitintheirvillagemuseum.

D.keepitintheirhomestoattracttourists.

2.WhyCanPortableLightsemitlight?

A.Electroniccrystalsarewovenintofabrics.

B.Itemssuchasclothesandbagsareusedtocarrylights.

C.Thesun'senergyiscollectedduringtheday.

D.Al1oftheabove.

3.WhatdoesSheilaKennedysayaboutPortableLights?

A.ThisinventionCanchangetheIivesofpeople,bothrichandpoor.

B.TheyarewidelyusedintheUnitedStates.

C.PortableLightscanhelppoorpeoplearoundtheworldtoget1ight.

D.Theyareexpensivetomakebuteasytocarry.

4.WhatisthemostimportantpartofthePortableUghttechnology?

A.HBLEDs

B.GlassBulbs.

C.Incandescent1ights.

D.HeatedmetalcoiIs.

5.LEDsaredifferentfrom1ightbulbsinthat

A.LEDsaleincandescent1ightswhile1ightbulbsarenot.

B.LEDshaveametalcoi1whi1e1ightbulbshavenot.

C.LEDsemitcolored1ightwhilemostfightbulbsdon,t.

D.LEDsaremadeupoftinypiecesofrockwhilelightbulbsarenot.

答案與題解：

LB短文的第一段提供了答案，該段告訴我們，維克人為了謀生，制作工藝品，并到幾百英里以外的

城市去銷售。

2.D文章的第二和第三段包括了A、B和C所述內(nèi)容。所以D是答案。

3.C短文的第四和第五段提供了答案。短文第四段的句子說了PotableLights可以在世界范圍內(nèi)改變

窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤用不上電的人們的生活，C準確地表達了這層意思，所以是答案。A不是答案，說PotableLights

能改變富人窮人的生活，不符合原文的意思。短文沒有提及PortableLights在美國使用，也沒有說Portable

Lights是否花費很大。所以B和D都不是答案。

4.A第六段的第一句提供了答案。PortableLights技術的最主要部分是high-brighlness

light-emittingdiodes,即高亮度發(fā)光二極管。

5.C短文的第六段對lightbulbs進行了描述。第二句中的thoseglassbulbs即指第一句中的light

bulbso因此,LEDs不是incandescentlights(白熾燈)，也沒有金屬絲。所以A和B均是錯誤的選擇。最

后一段的第一個句子LEDs,ontheotherhand,areliketinypiecesofrock

madeupofmoleculesthatarearrangedinacrystalstructure中的likepiecesofrock,不

等于piecesofrock,所以，D也是錯誤選擇。根據(jù)短文的最后一段內(nèi)容，C是正確選擇。

第三十四篇

BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

Whatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?They*realldisease

causedbyviruses,tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It'snowonder1that

whenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesiswhat*sonpeople*s

minds.

Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge,Massachusetts/

scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputting

virusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld'ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.

Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey*renotsostrangeforengineer

AngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

(MIT)inCambridge,sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnew

ways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology,

technologyandproductiontechniques.

Belcher,steamincludesPaulaHammond,whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries,andYet-Ming

Chiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery."We'reworkingonthingswe

traditionallydon'tassociatewithnature,z/saysHammond.

Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA,CandDbatteries6inyourhand.

Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,

newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.

Asthesedevicesshrink,ordinarybakerieswon'tbesmallenoughtofitinside.

Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow,Belcher'smodel

battery,ametalliediskcompletelybuiItbyviruses,lookslikearegularwatchbattery.But

inside,itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.

Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize,pluckonehairfromyour

head.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin,

right?Althoughthewidthofeachperson'shairisabitdifferent,youcouldprobablyfitabout

10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmay

changethewaywelookatviruses?.

詞匯：

chickenpox水痘collaboratorn.合作者，協(xié)作者

microorganismn.微生物pluckv.拔，摘，采

metallicadj.金屬的

注釋：

l.nowonder：不足為奇的，難怪

2.steerclearof：避開，繞開

3.though：意思為“然而，可是"。在句中使用時通常放在句末。

4.Cambridge,Massachusetts：馬薩諸塞州的劍橋市。本文第三段提到的theMassachusettsInstitute

ofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge即指坐落于劍橋市的麻省理工學院。麻省理工學院于1861年由著名自

然科學家威廉?巴羅吉杰斯創(chuàng)立。這是美國的一所私立研究型大學，培養(yǎng)高級科技人才和管理人才，是以

理工科為主的、世界一流的綜合性大學。

5.cameupwith：提出

6.A,CandDbatteries：A、C、D均為電池型號。

7.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses：這些微型電池可能會改變我們

看待病毒的方式。作者想表達的意思是：人們一直認為病毒有害無益，現(xiàn)在病毒可用來制作電池，人們對

病毒的看法可能會因此而發(fā)生變化。

練習：

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peopletryto

A.kil1microorganismsrelatedtochickenpox,theflu,etc.

B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.

C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.

D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.

2.WhatisBelcher'steamdoingatpresent?

A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..

B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.

C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses.

D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes.

3.Whatexpressionbelowisoppositeinmeaningtotheword“shrink"appearinginparagraph

5?

A.Broaden.

B.Spread.

C.Extend.

D.Expand.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcher,sbatterymentionedinparagraph6?

A.Itismadeofmetal.

B.Itisakindofwatchbattery.

C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope.

D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit.

5.Howtinyisonebatterypart?

A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair.

B.Itequalsthewidthofahair.

C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper.

D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure.

答案與題解：

l.C短文第一段的大致意思是，許多疾病都由病毒引起，諸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人們想盡辦

法躲避病毒。這是C所表達的意思。A不是正確選擇，因為文章并沒有說人們想方設法去殺死病毒。B的后

半句的內(nèi)容（病毒肉眼看不見）和D的內(nèi)容（吃藥治療病毒引起的疾?。┪闹袥]有提到。

2.C短文的第二段明確提供了答案。

3.D根據(jù)上下文，shrink在此的意思是“收縮”，即"縮小"。所以，它的反義詞是expand（增大，擴

張）。C不是正確選擇,因為extend的意思是becomelonger,即“延伸”或“加長”。A的意思是“加寬”,

也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展，展開”，在一定的上下文里也可以做shrink的反義詞，但在第五段這個

語境里，B不是最佳選擇。

4.1）第六段第二句中提到的metalliedisk是指“金屬圓盤”，它是微型電池的外形，其內(nèi)部是由病

毒構成的電池部件。微型電池不是由金屬組成的，所以A不是答案。本段提到，這種電池lookslikearegular

watchbattery,與手表里電池外形相似，但并不等同手表電池，所以B也不是正確選擇。文章只是說電池

的部件（但并沒有說整個電池）小到只能用顯微鏡才能看到，所以C也不是正確的選擇。D才是第六段所要

表達的主要內(nèi)容，因此是答案。

5.A短文最后一段的第四句（"youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbattery

parts,sidetoside,acrossonehair”）提供了本題的答案

第三十八篇

LongerLivesforWildElephants

Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfinding

foodandavoidingpredatorsdon'texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshould1iveto

aripeoldagel.

Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthat

elephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases,jointproblemsandbehavior

changes.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile,orunabletohavebabies.

Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientists

comparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoors

intheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documenting

factorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossibleforme

researcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.

Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousands

offemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3,over

approximatelythesametimeperiod.

TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.

Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years-morethanthree

timesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,they1ived18.9years,

whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years.

Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raised

counterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,

thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblamed.Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisethey

wou1dinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsocial1ivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoos

thaninthewild,wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.

AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelyto

dieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstress

inthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.

Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesome

threatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthy

populations,thatdoesn*tappeartobethecasewithelephants.''Currently,zoosarenetconsumers

ofelephants,notnetproducers,〃Masonsays.

詞匯:

predatorn.食肉動物captivity/n.監(jiān)禁;束縛

ripeadj.成熟的farev.過活，生活

infertileadj.不生育的obesityn.過度肥胖;肥胖癥

注釋：

1.livetoaripeoldage：這是一種固定用法，意思是livetoanagethatisconsideredtobe

very

old(長壽，高壽)。

2.betruefor：或者betrueof：對...適用。短文中第二段第一句：Butthatmaynotbetruefor

thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.這里，作為主語的that指的是第一段所陳述的內(nèi)容。這個句子

要傳達的意思是：動物園對其他動物來說是一個安棲之地，而對大象來說卻不然。

3.loggingcamps：伐木場。Logging作為名詞,意思是:伐木業(yè)。

4.stressandobesitymaybetoblame：壓力和肥胖是問題的根源。betoblame：該受責備，應承

擔責任。

練習：

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants

A.havedifficultyeatingfood.

B.livetoaripeoldage.

C.arenotafraidofpredators.

D.develophealthproblems.

2.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists*researchonthelifespansof

elephantsisNOTtrue?(Seeparagraph3)?

A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.

B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.

C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.

D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.

3.Whatdothescientistfindintheirresearch?

A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.

B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.

C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.

D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.

4.WhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityZoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysuffer

from?

A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.

B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.

C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.

D.BothBandC.

5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph7?

A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.

B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.

C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.

D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.

答案與題解：

l.D短文的第一段告訴我們，人們通常認為動物園內(nèi)的動物沒有獵食的困難，也不受其他獵食動物的

威脅，所以?般壽命較長。但第?段并沒有提及大象。第二段則說，動物園內(nèi)的大象卻不然，它們面臨很

多健康問題。所以，除了D以外，其他選項均不符合這兩段內(nèi)容。

2.B第三段告訴我們，動物園，而不是這些研究人員，保存了所有園內(nèi)動物的詳細相關信息。所以應

該選擇B。其他三個選項均能在該段中找到相關內(nèi)容.

3.C短文的第四段提供了答案。該段告訴我們，野生的雌性大象的平均壽命是動物園里的雌性大象平

均壽命的3倍還多。

4.D短文的第五段提供了答案。該段第三句的意思是：動物園里的大象不像野生大象那樣活動，因此

非常肥胖。他們也不像野生大象那樣過著群居的生活,即liveinherdsandfamilygroups.

5.A短文通篇陳述了大象在動物園內(nèi)的生存問題，最后-段是全文的總結。該段第?句指出，對動物

園大象的研究向人們提出了一個問題：是否應該將更多的大象關進動物園。該段還重復了第一、第二段的

觀點：其他動物在動物園能夠很好地繁衍生息，而大象卻不能。所以，A是正確選擇。B、C、D均沒有在文

中被提及

第四十五篇

SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

Low-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,accordingtoastudyby

aPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalScienceslfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgenetic

factorsinfluencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.

Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent,well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesalt

contentinfood2haveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteas

goodtothemasitdoestoothers3,pointedoutJohnHayes,assistantprofessoroffoodscience,

whowasleadinvestigator4onthestudy.

Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublic

healthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumers1owersaltintake

throughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreference

andconsumption.

Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoup

andchips,onmultipleoccasions,spreadoutoverweeks5.Testsubjectswere45menand42women,

reportedlyhealthy,ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividuals

whowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyrated

theintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarelydetectableto

strongestsensationofanykind.

“MostofUSlikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmoresalt,bothbecause

they1ikethetasteofsaltinessmore?andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasant

tastesinfood,“saidHayes.〃Supertasters,peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely,consume

moresaltthannontastersdo.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleast

forthesefoods,moreisbetter,sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore.n

However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesin

foodssuchascheese,Hayesnoted."Forexample,cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavors

fromfermentedmilk,butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,“hesaid.

“Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronouncedo6.

Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamed

Blakeslee,showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asa

result,Hayesexplained,weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists,andthisvariation

isasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor.

“Somepeople,calledsupertasters,describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter,

whileothers,callednontasters,findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweakly

bitter,“hesaid."Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiological

difterencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertasting7isnot1imitedtobitterness.(476)

詞匯：

publicizev.引起公眾對…的注意；（用廣告）宣傳fermentv.（使）發(fā)酵

geneticistn.遺傳學家

dietaryadj.飲食的；規(guī)定食物的acuityn.敏銳;尖銳

注釋：

1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences：即PennStateUniversity-Collegeof

AgriculturalSciences賓州州'、￡大學農(nóng)學院。Penn是Pennsylvania的縮寫，是美國賓夕法尼亞州州名。

賓州州立大學建于1855年，在全國共有24個分校。在句中，PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences

用作定語，修飾foodscientisto