新教材2024高中英語Unit1ScienceFictionSectionIReadingandThinking同步測試新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

PAGESectionⅠReadingandThinking(1)閱讀理解。AAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversitycreatedthefirstroboticfly.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofitscomponentsisofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”saidRobertWood,aHarvardengineeringprofessor.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshaslotsofinterdependence(相互依靠)oftheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Whilethisfirstroboticflyislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”1.Whatisthetypicalcharacteristicoftheroboticfly?A.It’sautomatic. B.It’sverysmall.C.It’scontrollable. D.It’squitepowerful.解析:細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次、三句可知,這種飛行器的設計初衷是為了能做蒼蠅做的事,它的尺寸和肥胖的家蠅一樣大,微小的翅膀可以讓它停在空中執(zhí)行受控的飛行任務。據(jù)此可知,該飛行器的典型特點是尺寸小。故選B。答案:B2.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheroboticflycan.

A.actasaspyplaneB.helpdofarmworkC.flyataveryhighspeedD.answermanyscientificquestions解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“...sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.”可知,某一天這種飛行器可能用于搜救點、農(nóng)田、戰(zhàn)場信息的收集。據(jù)此可推知,該飛行器可以用作間諜飛機。故選A。答案:A3.WhatisWood’sideaabouttheroboticflyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itishighlyquestionable.B.Ithaswidepracticalapplications.C.Itgivesscientistsinterestinflyingmachines.D.Itpointstoanewdirectioninstudyingbiology.解析:細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段其次句“Yet,thepower...couldhavemuchbroaderapplications.”并結(jié)合伍德所說的話可知,伍德認為這種飛行器運用范圍很廣泛。故選B。答案:B4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Harvard’sStudyintheFieldofInsectsB.BreakthroughinEngineeringScienceC.AnInterestingInvention—RoboticFlyD.RoboticFly—CopyofRealLifeInsect解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文的主題句是第一段第一、二句。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了哈佛高校的工程師團隊研制的一款機器蒼蠅飛行器,介紹了其形態(tài)、大小、結(jié)構及前景等。故選D。答案:DBInthefuture,whenrobotscanbeusedbothinhomesandinotherareas,theycouldimprovethelivingstandardsofpeople.Manypeopleconsumetheirenergybydoingtheirday-to-daytaskslikecooking,cleaningafterwork,etc.Whenrobotscancompletesuchjobs,peoplecanspendmoretimewiththeirfamiliesandfriends.Expertssaythatmanymajorproblemsinthemodernworldarecausedbymiscommunication.Whenpeoplehavemoretime,theycantalkfreelytosolvesuchissuesandeventuallycreateahappysociety.Robotscanbeusedforcertainjobstoavoidaccidentscausedbycarelessbehaviorofsomepeople.Whenrobotsareusedforsuchwork,itdoesnotriskanyhumanlifeattheworkplace.Humanresourcescanbeefficientlyusedbyperformingtaskswhichdemandhumanskillslikecriticalthinkingandproblem-solving.Robotscanbeusedforjobslikemovingandliftingheavythings.Whilesomepeopletalkabouthowrobotscanbeusefultohumans,othersvoicetheirconcerns.Whenrobotsbecomecheapertoproduce,employersmayprefertousemorerobotsthanhumans.Asthetechnologyconstantlyimprovestheabilitiesofrobots,itcouldweakenthevalueofhumans.Manypeoplemayrelyonrobotsheavily.Somemayevendevelopthehabitofusingrobotsfortasksthattheycaneasilydo.Thiscouldcreatealazysociety.Asanageingsociety,Japanseesitasamusttobuildrobotsthatcantakecareofelderlypeopleattheirhomes,becausewithoutthem,thenation’shealthcaresystemcan’tcope.Therewillsimplybetoomanyelderlypeopletocareforasthenationfacesadecreasingbirthrate,anageingpopulation,andthelooseningoffamilyties.However,manyofJapan’selderlypeoplewouldpreferhumanhelpersratherthanrobots.Aboveall,Japanneedstomakeitsdreamofdomesticrobotscometruebecauseitsimmigrationpolicyisanti-immigration.5.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwillhappenwhenrobotscanbeusedinhomes?A.Peoplewillspendmoretimeontheirwork.B.People’slivingstandardswillbeimproved.C.Therewouldbemoremisunderstandingsbetweenhumans.D.Peoplemaycommunicatemorewithrobotsthanwithhumanbeings.解析:細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Inthefuture,whenrobotscanbeusedbothinhomesandinotherareas,theycouldimprovethelivingstandardsofpeople.”可知,當機器人可以在家里運用時,人們的生活水平將會提高。故選B。答案:B6.Whichofthefollowingarerobotsbetteratcomparedwithhumans?A.Problemsolving.B.Criticalthinking.C.Workingsafely.D.Communicatingwithothers.解析:細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Robotscanbeusedforcertainjobstoavoidaccidentscausedbycarelessbehaviorofsomepeople.”可知,機器人可以用于某些工作,以避開人類的一些馬虎行為造成的事故。由此可知,與人類相比,機器人在平安工作方面做得更好。故選C。答案:C7.Whatdosomepeopleworrywhenmorerobotsarebeingused?A.Robotswillbebeyondourcontrol.B.Peoplewillbeunwillingtoworkhard.C.Itwillbehardertoimprovetheabilitiesofrobots.D.Humanresourceswon’tbeneededattheworkplace.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Manypeoplemayrelyonrobotsheavily.Somemayevendevelopthehabitofusingrobotsfortasksthattheycaneasilydo.Thiscouldcreatealazysociety.”可知,一些人擔憂隨著越來越多的機器人被運用,人們將不情愿努力工作。故選B。答案:B8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Japanwilltrytodevelopdomesticrobots.B.MostJapanesecitizensareagainstdomesticrobots.C.TherobotsarewellreceivedbyelderlypeopleinJapan.D.TheJapanesegovernmentencouragesforeignerstomovetoJapan.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Aboveall,Japanneedstomakeitsdreamofdomesticrobotscometruebecauseitsimmigrationpolicyisanti-immigration.”可知,最重要的是,因為日本的移民政策是反移民的,所以日本須要實現(xiàn)在家庭中運用機器人的幻想。由此可推知,日本將努力開發(fā)家用機器人。故選A。答案:ACInthestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherfromAesop’sFables,athirstycrow(烏鴉)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement(移位)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealand,presentedsixcrowswithtubesfilledwithwater.Insidethetubes,awormorpieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrows.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.However,thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintothenarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whileittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealisethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.

Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.9.HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?A.Bybreakingthetube.B.Bydroppinginerasers.C.Bystandingonthewood.D.Byremovingthewood.解析:細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.”可知,烏鴉能夠把橡皮擦扔到管子里,使食物浮起,然后吃到食物。故選B。答案:B10.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inparagraph4?A.Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.B.Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.C.Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.D.Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.解析:推理推斷題。從第四段可知,試驗中的烏鴉在面對粗細不同的管子時,雖然細管比粗管須要更少的水和時間就可以把食物浮起來,但是烏鴉往往先去粗管那邊,而沒有選擇更簡潔浮起食物的細管。由此可知,這句話的言外之意是“這些鳥兒沒有選擇更簡潔的方式得到零食”。故選D。答案:D11.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.StoriesofAesop’sFables.B.Thedevelopmentofcrows.C.Crows’intelligence.D.Human-animalcommunication.解析:主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”以及后面的幾個試驗可知,整篇文章都是圍繞烏鴉的智商問題來綻開的。故選C。答案:C12.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Crowsarealmostascleverasfirst-gradersinsomerespects.B.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.C.Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.D.ThestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherlacksevidence.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”可知,烏鴉在一些方面幾乎跟一年級小學生一樣聰慧,所以選項A正確。依據(jù)第四段的試驗可知,烏鴉并不能很好地理解排水量問題,所以選項B錯誤。依據(jù)最終一段的試驗可知,黑猩猩和兒童跟烏鴉一樣可以解決類似的問題,這不能說明他們比烏鴉聰慧,所以選項C錯誤。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.”可知,科學家們已經(jīng)有關于這則寓言的證據(jù)了,所以選項D錯誤。故選A。答案:AReadingandThinking(2)[基礎測評]Ⅰ.單句語法填空。1.Theparentsfeltashamedoftheirsonwhenhe(dismiss)bytheboss.

2.Thelawyerclaimedthattheaccused(被告)wasnot(guilt).

3.Allnightlonghelayawake,(think)oftheproblem.

4.Hetriedtomakehisideas(know).

5.Theyusuallyhavethemedicine(test)outbeforeputtingintothemarketalloverthecountry.

6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedshe(have)amedicalexamination.

7.Thetwo(saleswoman)werebusilytryingtokeepupwiththedemand.

8.Let’sappointatime(meet)again.

9.Angryresidentshavedeclaredwartheownerofthefactory.

10.Somepeoplesayitisaveryeasythingtogetupacoldmorning.

答案:1.wasdismissed2.guilty3.thinking4.known5.tested6.was(should)have7.saleswomen8.tomeet9.on10.onⅡ.用適當?shù)慕?副詞填空。1.Youmustworkhowmuchallthesethingswillcost.

2.Hisworkistotestnewdesignsofcarsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.

3.ThisisthefirstplaceinallofChinatoexperimentthismethod.

4.Whenwegottotheborder,theguardsmadeusturnandgoback.

5.Helooksmoreabusinessmanthanateenidol.

6.Ifyoukeeponcollecting,timeyou’llhaveawealthofdata.

7.Thereisnoneedtoblamehimalldaylong.He’sachildall.

8.IamnotfreethisafternoonbecauseIhaveanappointmentmydentist.

9.Severalofthemembershavecomeupsuggestionsoftheirown.

10.comparison,theschemeseemssuperiortotheonereportedinthispaper.

答案:1.out2.out3.with4.around5.like6.in7.after8.with9.with10.InⅢ.語法填空。ThecompanyforwhichLarryworkedwastohaveanewly-maderobot1.(call)TonywhichwasexperimentedwithbyhiswifeClaireathome.AtthefirstsightofTony,Clairefelt2.(alarm).Shethought3.wasridiculousthatarobotshouldlooksomuchlikeahuman4.hissmoothhair,deepvoice,tallandhandsomebody.Onthesecondmorning,Tonywantedtohelphertodress,whichmadeClaire5.(embarrass)andsherefusedhim.ButlatershewasgladthatTonycouldmakeherhome6.(elegance),giveheranewhaircutandimprovehermakeup.7.(decorate)herhome,healsowrotealistof8.(item)forhertobuy.AndfinallyTonyhelpedClairetofinishallthework.Tonysuggestedthatshe9.(invite)GladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.10.wasunbelievablewasthatTonydidn’twanttoleaveClaireintheend!

答案:1.called2.alarmed3.it4.with5.embarrassed6.elegant7.Todecorate8.items9.(should)invite10.What[提升測評]Ⅳ.閱讀理解。Robotsperformingtasksaccordingtoapredeterminedsetofinstructionsarenothingnew.Butrobotscapableoflearninghowtodosomethingbywatchingvideosareacompletelydifferentthing.Ifyouhavepostedavideoofyourfavouriterecipeonapopularwebsite,chancesarethatitwillbetriedbyarobot.YiannisAloimonos,wholeadsateamthatistryingtoteacharobothowtoreproducesimpletasksbywatchingvideos,said,“ThereexistsahugeamountofvideoinformationontheInternetthatwecanuse.”Sofar,therobotnamedJuliacanpouringredients,adddressingandmixasimplesalad.Itlearnsbybreakingeachtaskintobasicparts,suchasgraspingaspoon,bringingittothebowl,stirringthesaladandobservingtheresults.AsJuliacansee,hearandrememberthingsandthencombinethosepartstoperformcertaintasks,Yiannissaidtheprojectcancombineallthoseabilities.Butwhyteacharobothowtounderstandavideowhenitcaneasilyfollowafixedprogramme?Yiannissaid,“Youhaveasystemthatisdonejustforthisparticulartask.Andso,itcan’tgeneralise(推廣).Youcannottakeitandputitintoadifferentenvironment.Itisnotflexible.”Yiannissaidoneoftheproblemstheresearchersaretryingtosolveishowtomaketherobotunderstandandusewhatitlearnsduringtheperformanceofacertaintask,theso-calledfeedback(反饋).Anotherproblemwillbetheintroductionoflanguage.“Ibelieveitwilltakequitesometimebeforetherobotsareabletounderstandmetaphorical(比方性的)language,”headded.Butwedon’tneedthatinordertocreateanewworldinwhichtherobotswillbeworkingforus.1.WhyistheexampleofRobotJuliamentioned?A.Toproveitisawiserobotcook.B.Toproverobotscanunderstandavideo.C.Toprovetherearealotofvideosonline.D.Toprovethesaladmadebyitistasty.解析:推理推斷題。由第四段可知,這款機器人可以通過看視頻做一些簡潔的飯菜,說明它能看懂視頻的內(nèi)容。故選B。答案:B2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Togetfeedbackonacertaintask.B.Tosolveaproblemofalanguage.C.Tousewhatitlearnsindoingatask.D.Tounderstandmetaphoricallanguage.解析:代詞指代題。由最終一段畫線詞前面的“Ibelieveitwilltakequitesometimebeforetherobotsareabletounderstandmetaphoricallanguage”可知,這里的that指的是前面提到的“tounderstandmetaphoricallanguage”。故選D。答案:D3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Robotscookforhumansbythemselves.B.Robotslearntocookbywatchingvideos.C.Robotsdothingswithoutfixedprogrammes.D.Robotsarefondofwatchingcookingvideos.解析:主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了現(xiàn)在探討人員正在開發(fā)可以通過看視頻自己學習做事的機器人的狀況。故選B。答案:BⅤ.完形填空。Atthedoctor’soffice,firstIlogontoacomputertoannouncemypresence.ThenIwaituntilaroboticnurse1meintotheexaminationroom.Soon,instepsthedoctor,whoisalsoarobot.Herecordsmy2,doesafewcalculationsandthen3outaprescription(處方).Havingswiped(刷)thecreditcardatamachineonthewayout,Ireturnhomewithouthavingcomeacrossanotherhumanbeing.Thissceneismyhorribleimaginationofthefuture,whichhasn’tcometopass—4notyetnow.

Ireallydolikemanyaspectsof5.I’mabigfanofairconditionersinsummerandheatinwinter.ButIdon’twantmachinesto6.WhenIcallmydentist’sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline,Iampleased.WhenIcalltheairportandgetthelady-computerwho7askingmetoreportmyself,Iwanttoscream.WhenIseetheslowoccupationofself-servicecheck-outstationsatthesupermarket,Ifeellikeshouting,“Whenit8cashiers,makeminehumans,please!”

Afterall,ahumancashiermight9abagofflourleakingandgetyouareplacement.Real-lifecashiersmayhavea10wordforanelderlypersonstrugglingtopaythebill.Evenmorethanthat,theyoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren,whichcan11ayoungmother’sday.Idon’twanttogobacktotheStoneAge,butI’malso12aboutacompletelycomputerizedworld,whereface-to-facecommunicationisreplacedbyswipingcreditcardsandfeedingnumbers.Self-servicecheck-outstationscanbeefficient.Buttheylacka(n)13sovitaltoeverydaylife.Itissomethingthaturgesustoofferothersasmileorahug,whichmaybe14whattheyneedatthatmoment.Callitthespirit,thesoulortheheart.Itissomethingthatno15willeverhave.

1.A.directsB.wheelsC.followsD.pushes解析:direct指導,引導;wheel用車推;follow跟隨;push推。此處描寫作者就診的過程,首先作者在電腦上登錄,然后等到一名機器人護士把他領進檢查室。故選A。答案:A2.A.identity B.characterC.appearance D.symptom解析:identity身份;character性格;appearance相貌;symptom癥狀。依據(jù)語境可知,作者是來看病的,所以機器人醫(yī)生記錄的應當是作者的癥狀。故選D。答案:D3.A.stands B.printsC.finds D.calls解析:standout突出,脫穎而出;printout打印出;findout發(fā)覺,查明;callout召集,大聲叫喊。機器人在模擬真人醫(yī)生看病,所以記錄完癥狀,就會打印出一張?zhí)幏?。故選B。答案:B4.A.inshort B.inparticularC.beyonddoubt D.atleast解析:inshort簡而言之;inparticular尤其是;beyonddoubt毫無疑問;atleast至少。這一幕是作者對將來可怕的想象,但至少現(xiàn)在還沒有實現(xiàn)。故選D。答案:D5.A.tradition B.civilizationC.technology D.culture解析:tradition傳統(tǒng);civilization文明;technology技術;culture文化