2024年芯片行業(yè)概況（英）-27正式版

202

FACTBOOK

SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYASSOCIATION

FACTBOOK

Introduction

Thedataincludedinthe2024SIAFactbookhelpsdemonstratetheresearchandscienceprogramsauthorizedbytheCHIPSandScience

strengthandpromiseoftheU.S.semiconductorindustryandwhyitisAct.

criticalforpolicymakerstoenactmeasuresthatboostgrowthand

promoteinnovation.

2.StrengthenAmerica’sTechnologyWorkforce:Implementanational

strategy—backedbyappropriateinvestmentsandinconsultation

TheU.S.semiconductorindustryisakeydriverofAmerica’seconomic

strength,nationalsecurity,globalcompetitiveness,andtechnology

witheducationleadersandtheprivatesector—toimproveour

educationsystem,increasethenumberofAmericansgraduatingin

leadership.SemiconductorsenablethesystemsandproductsthatweuseSTEMfields,supportthosepursuingcareersinmicroelectronics,and

towork,communicate,travel,entertain,harnessenergy,treatillness,andensuretrainingandeducationopportunitiestofillopenpositions.

makenewscientificdiscoveries.SemiconductorswereinventedinReformAmerica’shigh-skilledimmigrationsystemtoenableaccessto

America,andU.S.companiesstillleadtheglobalmarket,accountingfor

nearlyhalftheworld'schipsales.

thebestandbrightestintheworld,includingforeignstudentswith

graduatedegreesinSTEMfieldsfromU.S.universities.Securefunding

TohelppromoteinnovationandensureAmerica’scontinuedtechnology

leadership,policymakersshoulddothefollowing:

tostrengthenthesemiconductorworkforceatalllevelsandensurea

robustpipelineatalleducationlevelsandskillsneeds.

1.InvestinU.S.SemiconductorLeadership:Implementthepoliciesand

programsintheCHIPSandScienceActefficiently,promptly,and

transparently.Deviseregulationsfortheadvancedmanufacturing

investmentcreditintheCHIPSActtoencompassthefullscopeof

3.PromoteFreeTradeandProtectIP:Approveandmodernizefreetrade

agreementsthatremovemarketbarriers,protectIP,andenablefair

competition.ExpandtheInformationTechnologyAgreement,oneof

theWorldTradeOrganization’smostsuccessfulfreetradeagreements.

investmentsinthesemiconductorecosystem.Adoptpoliciesto4.CooperateCloselywithLike-MindedEconomies:Alignpoliciesand

promoteinnovationandU.S.competitiveness,suchasenactingan

investmenttaxcreditforsemiconductordesignandstrengtheningthe

regulationswithlikemindedalliestostrengthennationalsecurity,

promotegrowth,innovation,andsupplychainresilience.

R&Dtaxcredit.MaintainU.S.technologyleadershipbyinvestinginthe

PREFACE-i-

FACTBOOKListofFigures

(PageNumbersinParentheses)

(1)SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

(2)TheGlobalSemiconductorIndustryisaKeyGrowthSectorintheGlobalEconomy

(3)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryhasNearlyHalftheGlobalMarketShare

(4)U.S.-BasedSemiconductorCompanySaleshaveDisplayedSteadyAnnualGrowth

(5)U.S.SemiconductorManufacturingCapacityintheU.S.RepresentsaShrinkingShare

(6)SemiconductorsareOneofAmerica’sTopExports

(7)SECTION2:GLOBALMARKET

(8)GlobalSemiconductorSalesareDrivenbyProductsUltimatelyPurchasedbyConsumers

(9)GlobalSemiconductorSalesareDiversifiedbyTypeofProductSold

(10)AsiaPacificistheLargestRegionalSemiconductorMarket,andChinaistheLargestSingle-CountryMarket

(11)SECTION3:CAPITALANDR&DINVESTMENT

(12)TotalAnnualLevelsofInvestmentinCapitalandR&DareHighfortheIndustry

(13)CapitalandR&DInvestmentareCriticaltoMaintainingaCompetitiveU.S.SemiconductorIndustry

(14)InvestmentinCapitalExpendituresandR&DperEmployeeisVeryHighfortheU.S.Industry,Reaching$223,500in2023

(15)U.S.SemiconductorIndustryR&DExpendituresareConsistentlyHigh,ReflectingtheInherentImportanceofR&DtoSemiconductorProduction

(16)AnnualR&DExpendituresasaPercentofSaleshaveExceeded15PercentOverthePast20Years,AmongtheHighestRatesforanyU.S.Industry

(17)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryisaLeaderinR&DSpendingasaPercentofSalesAmongMajorU.S.Industries

(18)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustrySpendsMoreonR&DasaPercentofSalesthananyOtherCountry’sSemiconductorIndustry

(19)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryisHighlyCapitalIntensive,andAnnualIndustrySpendingonCapitalEquipmentTendstobeHighasaShareofSales

(20)AnnualCapitalExpendituresasaPercentofSaleshaveAverageBetween10and15PercentOverthePast20Years

(21)SECTION4:U.S.JOBS

(22)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryAccountsforaQuarterofaMillionDirectU.S.JobsandOveraMillionAdditionalIndirectU.S.Jobs

(23)SECTION5:U.S.PRODUCTIVITY

(24)U.S.-BasedSemiconductorFirmshaveExperiencedRapidImprovementsinProductivityOverthePast20Years

PREFACE-ii-

Section1

INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

Section1:IndustryOverview-1-

SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

THEGLOBALSEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYISAKEYGROWTHSECTORINTHEGLOBALECONOMY

Worldwidesemiconductorsalesincreasedfrom$139.0billionin2001to$526.9billionin2023,acompoundannualgrowthrateof6.0percentperyear.

AccordingtotheWorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)Fall2023SemiconductorIndustryForecast,worldwidesemiconductorindustrysalesare

forecastedtoincreaseto$588.4billionin2024andincreaseto$654.7billionin2025.*

*WSTS,Fall2023SemiconductorIndustryForecast

700

-8.2%’22/’23

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'212223Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.

Section1:IndustryOverview-2-

SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

THEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYHASNEARLYHALFTHEGLOBALMARKETSHARE

TheU.S.semiconductorindustryexperiencedasignificantlossinglobalTheU.S.industryreboundedoverthenext10years,andby1997,ithad

marketshareduringthe1980s.Intheearly1980s,U.S.-basedproducers

heldmorethan50percentofworldwidesemiconductorsales.Dueto

intensecompetitionfromJapan-basedfirms,theeffectofillegal

regaineditsleadershippositionwith50percentglobalmarketshare,a

positiontheindustrycontinuestoholdtoday.U.S.semiconductorfirms

havemaintainedtheircompetitiveedgeinmicroprocessorsandother

"dumping“,aswellasasevereindustryrecessionin1985to1986,the

U.S.industrylostatotalofnineteenworldwidemarketsharepoints,and

leading-edgedevices,aswellashavingcontinuedtoleadinarangeof

otherproductareas.Inaddition,U.S.semiconductorfirmsmaintaina

ithadcededglobalindustrymarketshareleadershiptotheJapanese

semiconductorindustry.

leadingpositioninR&D,design,andprocesstechnology.Today,U.S.-

basedfirmshavethelargestmarketsharewith50.2percent.Other

countries’industrieshavebetween7and15percentglobalmarketshare.

60

2023

50

U.S.50.2%

40

30

20

10

0

'83'84'85'86'87'88'89'90'91'92'93'94'95'96'97'98'99'00'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Japan

9%

EU

12.7%

Korea

13.8%

Taiwan

7.0%

China*

7.2%

U.SJapanEuropeKoreaTaiwanChina

Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS),Gartner,Omdia,andSIAEstimates.

Section1:IndustryOverview-3-

SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

U.S.-BASEDSEMICONDUCTORCOMPANYSALESHAVEDISPLAYEDSTEADYANNUALGROWTH

SalesbyU.S.headquarteredsemiconductorfirmsgrewfrom$71.1billionin2001to$264.6billionin2023--acompoundannualgrowthrateof6.0

percent.SalesgrowthforU.S.headquarteredcompaniesshowsthesamecyclicalfluctuationscharacterizedbytheindustryasawhole.

300

-3.2%’22/’23

250

200

150

100

50

0

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'22'23

Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.

Section1:IndustryOverview-4-

SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

U.S.-BASEDSEMICONDUCTORCOMPANIESMAINTAINMARKETSHARELEADERSHIPINMAJORREGIONAL

SEMICONDUCTORMARKETS

In2023,semiconductorfirmsbasedintheU.S.held50.2percentofthetotalsemiconductormarketshare,themostofany

country’ssemiconductorindustry.Inallmajorcountryandregionalsemiconductormarkets,U.S.headquarteredcompaniesalso

heldsalesmarketshareleadership.

U.S.FirmsOtherFirms

JAPANMARKET$46.8B42.0%58.0%

EUROPEMARKET$55.8B48.8%51.2%

AMERICASMARKET$134.452.2%47.8%

ASIAPACIFIC/ALLOTHERMARKET$137.7B48.3%51.7%

CHINESEMARKET$154.3B53.1%46.9%

Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.

Section1:IndustryOverview-5-

SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

SEMICONDUCTORSAREONEOFAMERICA’STOPEXPORTS

U.S.exportsofsemiconductorswereworth$52.7billionin2023,sixth-highestamongU.S.exports,behindonlyrefinedoil,crude

oil,airlines,naturalgas,andautomobiles.SemiconductorsconstitutedthelargestshareofU.S.exportsofallelectronicproduct

exports.

Top6U.S.Exportsin2023($Bn)#1U.S.ElectronicProductExportin2023($Bn)

Semiconductors$52.7Billion

60

Semiconductors

50RefinedOil$121.0Billion

RadioandTVBroadcastingandWirelessCommunicationEquipment

40

Aircraft$113.3Billion

30

Computer

Equipment

CrudeOil$116.8billion

NaturalGas$67.9

Billion

20

Computers

Electromedical

Devices

10

Cars$66.2Billion

0

Source:U.S.InternationalTradeCommission.IndustrydefinedbyNAICScodes:334413

(Semiconductors);33641X(Aircraft);324110(RefinedOil);211130(NaturalGas);211120

(CrudeOil);336110(Automobile)

Source:U.S.InternationalTradeCommission.IndustrydefinedbyNAICScodes:334413

(Semiconductors);334220(RadioandTVBroadcastingandWirelessCommunications

Equipment);334118(ComputerEquipment);334111(Computers);334510(Electromedical

Devices).

Section1:IndustryOverview-6-

Section2

GLOBALMARKET

DiversifiedandConsumer-driven

Section2:GlobalMarket-7-

SECTION2:GLOBALMARKET

GLOBALSEMICONDUCTORSALESAREDRIVENBYPRODUCTSULTIMATELYPURCHASEDBYCONSUMERS

Thevastmajorityofsemiconductordemandisdrivenbyproductsultimatelypurchasedbyconsumers,suchas

laptops,smartphones,automobiles,andmore.Increasingly,consumerdemandisdriveninemergingmarketsincludingthosein

Asia,LatinAmerica,EasternEurope,andAfrica.

Government

2023TotalGlobalSemiconductorMarket:$526.9Billion

1.0%Industrial

14.0%

25%

PC/Computer

11.0%Consumer

17.0%

32%

Automotive

Communications

Note:Militaryend-useisincludedinGovernment.

Sources:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS).

Section2:GlobalMarket-8-

SECTION2:GLOBALMARKET

GLOBALSEMICONDUCTORSALESAREDIVERSIFIEDBYTYPEOFPRODUCTSOLD

Semiconductortechnologyhasrapidlyevolvedastheindustrydevelopsmoreadvancedproductsandprocesstechnologiesfor

applicationsinend-useindustries.Inrecentyears,thelargestsegmentsoftheworldwidesemiconductorindustryhavebeenlogic,

memory,analog,andMPU.In2023,theseproductsaccountedfor75percentofsemiconductorindustrysales.

DistributionofWorldwideSemiconductorSalesByProductSegment2022

%Changeoverlast

year

Logic$178.6B+1.1%

$92.3B-28.9%Memory

Analog$81.2B-8.7%

MPU$45.3B-10.9%

Opto

$43.2B

-1.6%

Discretes+4.5%

$35.5B

MCU$27.9B+11.4%

Sensor

$19.7B-9.4%

-1.4%$3.2B

DSP

Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.

Section2:GlobalMarket-9-

SECTION2:GLOBALMARKET

ASIAPACIFICISTHELARGESTREGIONALSEMICONDUCTORMARKET,ANDCHINAISTHE

LARGESTSINGLE-COUNTRYMARKET

In2001,theAsiaPacificmarketsurpassedallotherregionalmarketsinsales,aselectronicequipmentproductionshiftedtothe

region.Ithasmultipliedinsizesincethen,from$39.8billionto$290.0billionin2023.Byfar,thelargestcountrymarketintheAsia

PacificregionisChina,whichaccountedfor53percentoftheAsiaPacificmarketand29percentofthetotalglobalmarket.Thisdata

reflectssalesofsemiconductorstoelectronicequipmentmakersonly–finalelectronicproductscontainingsemiconductorsarethen

shippedforconsumptionaroundtheworld.

400

AsiaPacific‘23-10%

GlobalRegionalSemiconductorMarket($Billion)China‘23-15%

350

Americas‘23-5%

Europe’234%300

Japan‘23-3%

250

200

150

Note:Inthisgraph,the

Chinamarketdatafrom

2014-2023representsa

subsetoftheoverall

AsiaPacificMarket

100

50

0

'95'96'97'98'99'00'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'22'23

Section2:GlobalMarket-10-

Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.

Section3

CapitalandR&DInvestment

ADrivingForceinMaintainingaCompetitiveU.S.

SemiconductorIndustry

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-11-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

TOTALANNUALLEVELSOFINVESTMENTINCAPITALANDR&DAREHIGHFORTHEINDUSTRY

TotalR&DandcapitalexpendituresbyU.S.semiconductorfirms,includingfablesscompanies,was$107.5billionin2023.From2001

to2023,thecompoundannualgrowthratewasapproximately5.9percent.Investmentlevelsintermsofshareofsaleshave

generallynotbeensubjecttofluctuationsassociatedwithmarketcyclicality.

R&DandCapitalExpenditures($Billion)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-12-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

CAPITALANDR&DINVESTMENTARECRITICALTOMAINTAININGACOMPETITIVEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRY

Toremaincompetitiveinthesemiconductorindustry,firmsmustcontinuallyinvestasignificantshareofrevenueinbothR&Dandnew

plantsandequipment.Thepaceoftechnologicalchangeintheindustryrequiresthatcompaniesdevelopmorecomplexdesignsand

processtechnologies,aswellasintroduceproductionmachinerycapableofmanufacturingcomponentswithsmallerfeaturesizes.The

abilitytodesignandproducestate-of-the-artsemiconductorcomponentscanonlybemaintainedthroughacontinualcommitmentto

keepingpacewithindustry-wideinvestmentratesofroughly30percentofsales.Theneedtostayattheleadingedgeoftechnologyhas

resultedinsomeextremefluctuationsinyearssuchas2001and2002,whensalesdeclinedprecipitouslywhileexpendituresonR&Dand

capitalequipmentdidnotdeclineatthesamerate.

40%

CapitalandR&DInvestmentasPercentofSales35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-13-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

INVESTMENTINCAPITALEXPENDITURESANDR&DPEREMPLOYEEDECLINEDTO$223,500IN2023

From2001to2023,totalinvestmentperemployee(measuredbycombinedR&Dandnewgrossplantandequipment)has

increasedatarateofabout3.3percentperyear.Theseexpendituresexceeded$100,000in2001butdeclinedtoroughly$91,000in

2003afterthe2001downturn.Investmentperemployeeincreasedtoover$100,000in2006.The2008-2009recessionresultedin

thedeclineofinvestmentperemployeein2009and2010butreturnedin2012andgrewto$223,500in2023.

250000

$PerEmployee200000

150000

100000

50000

0

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-14-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

U.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYR&DEXPENDITURESARECONSISTENTLYHIGH,REFLECTINGTHEINHERENT

IMPORTANCEOFR&DTOSEMICONDUCTORPRODUCTION

U.S.semiconductorindustryR&Dexpendituresgrewatacompoundannualgrowthrateofapproximately6.7percentfrom2001to

2023.R&DexpendituresbyU.S.semiconductorfirmstendtobeconsistentlyhigh,regardlessofcyclesinannualsales,whichreflects

theimportanceofinvestinginR&Dtosemiconductorproduction.In2023,totalU.S.semiconductorindustryinvestmentinR&D

totaled$59.3billion.

70

R&DExpenditures($Billion)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-15-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

ANNUALR&DEXPENDITURESASAPERCENTOFSALESHAVEEXCEEDED15PERCENTOVERTHEPAST20YEARS,AMONG

THEHIGHESTRATESFORANYU.S.INDUSTRY

AnnualR&Dexpendituresasapercentofsaleshaveexceeded15percentoverthepast20years.Thisrateisunprecedentedamong

majormanufacturingsectorsoftheUnitedStateseconomy.R&Dexpendituresareessentialtothecompetitivepositionof

semiconductorfirms.Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchangerequiresconstantadvancementsinprocesstechnologyanddevice

capabilities.TheincreaseinR&Din2001and2002wascausedbytheindustry'scommitmenttothefutureoftechnologydespitean

economicdownturn.The2003-2004decrease,aswellasthe2020-2021decrease,wasnotduetocutsinR&Dbudgetsbutrather

tostrongerthanexpectedindustrygrowth,whichincreasedrevenuesfasterthanexpected.

25%

R&DExpendituresPercentofSales

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-16-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

THEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYISALEADERINR&DSPENDINGASAPERCENTOFSALESAMONGMAJORU.S.

INDUSTRIES

TherateofU.S.semiconductorindustryR&Dspendingisamongthehighestinkeymajorhightechnologyindustrialsectors.Based

onthe2023EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard,theU.S.semiconductorindustrywassecondonlytotheU.S.

pharmaceuticals&biotechnologyindustryintermsoftherateofR&Dspendingasapercentofsales.

R&DExpendituresasaPercentofSalesPharmaceuticals&Biotechnology

23.1%

21.4%

27.1%

Semiconductors

18.75

%

19.5%

15.7%Software&ComputerServices

9.2%

19.0%

9.1%

MobileTelecommunications

8.4%

13.5%

7.7%SemiconductorManufacturingEquipment

6.8%

10.3%

6.2%

ConsumerElectronics

5.7%

7.7%

Note:*Excludingsemiconductors.

Note:Slightdifferencesinsemiconductorindustrysharefrompage18tableduetodifferencesinmethodologyandsourcedata.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-17-

Source:The2023EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard.

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

THEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYSPENDSMOREONR&DASAPERCENTOFSALESTHANANYOTHERCOUNTRY’S

SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRY

U.S.semiconductorindustry'sR&Dspendingasapercentofsalesisunsurpassedbyanyothercountry’ssemiconductorindustry.

R&DExpendituresasaPercentofSales

U.S.

19.5%

Europe

14.0%

Japan

12.0%

Taiwan

11.0%

Korea

9.5%

China

7.6%

Note:Slightdifferencesinsemiconductorindustrysharefrompage18tableduetodifferencesinmethodologyandsourcedata.

Source:The2022EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard.

Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-18-

SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestment

THEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYISHIGHLYCAPITALINTENSIVE,ANDANNUALINDUSTRYSPENDINGONCAPITAL

EQUIPMENTTENDSTOBEHIGHASASHAREOFSALES

TheU.S.semiconductorindustrygrosscapitalexpenditureswere$48.2billionin2023.Capitalexpendituresdeclinedfrom2001-

2003duetothecompletionofmajornewfacilitiesduring1999-2001andincreaseduseoffoundries.2004sawarebound,andin

2005theindustrywasinabalancedpositionintermsofcapitalexpendituresasapercentageofsales.In2011,afterasharpdecline

in2009duetotheglobaleconomicrecession,capitalexpendituresreboundedtoreach$23.7billion.In2023,capitalexpenditures

slightlydecreasedfrom$50.7billionto$48.2billionfrom2022to2023.Capex,however,hasincreasedatanannualrateof5.1%since2001.

60

CapitalExpenditures($Billion)

50

40

30

20

10

0

'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223

Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFilli