Unit5WorkingtheLand(人與社會農(nóng)業(yè)耕作)（人教版2019選擇性必修一）

選擇性必修第一冊Unit5WorkingtheLand（人教版2019）人與社會：農(nóng)業(yè)耕作單元引言解讀Mylifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.—YuanLongping釋義：YuanLongping'sbiggestwishforriceresearchistostoppeoplestarvingaroundtheworld.啟示：本單元引言“我畢生的夢想是讓所有人遠離饑餓”出自我國著名農(nóng)業(yè)科學家袁隆平。引言不僅與單元主題相呼應，還反映了糧食生產(chǎn)與世界人民的饑餓問題密切相關(guān)。名言名句積累人與社會：農(nóng)業(yè)耕作1．Foodisasfundamentaltomanasthepeoplearetothestate.—ChenShou國以民為本，民以食為天。——陳壽2．Foodbringspeopletogetheronmanydifferentlevels.It'snourishmentofthesoulandbody;it'strulylove.—GiadaDeLaurentiis食物在許多不同的層面上把人們聚集在一起，它是心靈和身體的養(yǎng)料，是真正的愛?！獘I達·德·勞倫蒂斯3．Themoreyoueat,thelessflavor;thelessyoueat,themoreflavor.多吃少滋味，少吃多滋味。4．Peoplecan'tlivewithoutagricultureastheycan'tlivewithoutwater.人們離不開農(nóng)業(yè)，就像離不開水。5．Weallknowwithoutfoodequalsnolives.Therefore,agricultureisgreatlyhelpfulforthelives.我們都知道沒有食物就沒有生命。因此，農(nóng)業(yè)對生活有很大的幫助。6．Notonlyisfoodproductionimportantbuttakingcareoftheenvironmentisalsoimportant.不僅糧食生產(chǎn)重要，環(huán)保也很重要。7.However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，他最擔憂的是農(nóng)民們的收成不好，有時甚至口糧嚴重短缺。8.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。時文拓展閱讀TwoWinWorldFoodPrizeforSecuringAgriculturalSeedsAbout20yearsago,CaryFowlerandGeoffreyHawtinwantedtopreventhungerandprotecttheworld'sfoodsupply.Thetwomenimaginedasocalled"doomsday

vault"forplantseeds.(Avaultisasecurestoragestructure.)FowlerandHawtin'sgoalwastokeepasupplyofseedssafeifexistingseedbankswerethreatenedbywar,climatechange,orothercrises.TheydecidedtobuildtheirstoragebuildingintothesideofamountainnorthoftheArcticCircle."Toalotofpeopletoday,itsoundslikeaperfectlyreasonablethingtodo,"FowlersaidfromSaudiArabiainaninterviewwiththeAssociatedPress.Seeds,headded,areavaluablenaturalresourcethatneedsprotection.ButFowlersaid:"Fifteenyearsago,shippingalotofseedstotheclosestplacetotheNorthPolethatyoucanflyinto(and)puttingtheminsideamountain..."didnotsoundreasonable.Inhiswords,itwas"...thecraziestideaanybodyeverhad."TheWorldFoodPrizeTheirideabecametheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultontheNorwegianislandofSvalbard.Thevaultopenedin2008andnowholds1.25millionseed

samples

fromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Thestructurewasbuiltintothesideofamountain.Itprotectstheseedsofover6,000kindsofagriculturallyimportantplants.

TheCropTrustwebsite

says:"Itspurposeistobackupgenebankcollectionstosecurethefoundationofourfuturefoodsupply."Lastweek,FowlerandHawtinwerenamedthe2024WorldFoodPrizewinnersfortheirwork.FowlerisnowtheU.S.specialdiplomatforglobalfoodsecurity.HawtinisanagriculturalscientistfromBritain.TheywerenamedthewinnersoftheyearlyprizeattheU.S.DepartmentofStateinWashington.SecretaryofStateAntonyBlinkenpraisedthemenattheannouncementfortheir"critical

rolein

preserving

crop

diversity."FearofclimatechangeFormanyyears,countrieshavecreatedseedbankstostoreseedsforfutureuse.ButFowlersaidhewasconcernedthatclimatechangewouldcausedisorderinagriculture.Thiswouldmaketheseedsupplyevenmoreimportant.HawtinisanexecutiveboardmemberattheGlobalCropDiversityTrust,aninternationalnonprofitgroup.Hesaidtherewerealotofthreatstocropsinthepast,suchasinsects,disease,land

degradation,

andpoliticalunrest.Hesaidthatclimatechangehasmadetheseproblemsworse.So,heandFowlersawaneedforadditionalsecureseedstorage.Hawtinexplainedthatclimatechangeischanging

pests

anddiseases.Headded,"Climatechangeisputtingawholelotofextraproblemsonwhathasalwaysbeen

significant

ones."FowlerandHawtinsaidtheyhopewinningtheWorldFoodPrizewillhelpthemraisemoremoneyforseedbanksaroundtheworld.Operatingthemisnottoocostly.However,thefinancialsupportneedstocontinueforever."Thisisreallyachancetogetthatmessageoutandsay,look,thisrelativelysmallamountofmoneyisour

insurancepolicy

ourinsurancepolicythatwe'regoingtobeabletofeedtheworldin50years,"Hawtinsaid.NormanBorlaugestablishedtheWorldFoodPrize.HereceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1970forhispartinwhatiscalledthe"GreenRevolution."Thatwasabigefforttomakecropsmoreproductivesotheworld'sgrowingpopulationwouldnotgohungry.Thisfall,FowlerandHawtinwillaccepttheprizeinDesMoines,Iowa,thecitywherethefoodprizefoundationisbased.Theywillalsosplitthe$500,000award.Thisyear'sprizewillbepresentedattheyearlyNormanE.BorlaugInternationalDialogue.TheconferencewillbeheldinDesMoinesfromOctober29tothe31.【譯文欣賞】兩人因保護農(nóng)業(yè)種子而獲得世界糧食獎大約20年前，CaryFowler和GeoffreyHawtin希望防止饑餓，保護世界糧食供應。這兩個人想象了一個所謂的植物種子“末日金庫”。（保險庫是一種安全的存儲結(jié)構(gòu)。）Fowler和Hawtin的目標是在現(xiàn)有種子庫受到戰(zhàn)爭、氣候變化或其他危機威脅的情況下，保證種子供應的安全。他們決定把儲藏室建在北極圈以北的一座山上。福勒在沙特阿拉伯接受美聯(lián)社采訪時說：“對今天的很多人來說，這聽起來是一件非常合理的事情?！薄Ｋa充說，種子是一種需要保護的寶貴自然資源。但福勒說：“十五年前，把很多種子運到離北極最近的地方，你可以飛進去（并）把它們放在山上……”聽起來并不合理。用他的話說，這是“……有史以來最瘋狂的想法?！笔澜缂Z食獎他們的想法變成了挪威斯瓦爾巴島上的斯瓦爾巴全球種子庫。該種子庫于2008年開放，目前擁有來自世界上幾乎每個國家的125萬個種子樣本。這座建筑建在山腰上。它保護著6000多種農(nóng)業(yè)重要植物的種子。作物信托基金會網(wǎng)站上說：“其目的是備份基因庫藏品，以確保我們未來糧食供應的基礎(chǔ)?！鄙现?，F(xiàn)owler和Hawtin因他們的工作被評為2024年世界糧食獎獲得者。Fowler現(xiàn)在是美國全球糧食安全特別外交官?；敉⑹且晃粊碜杂霓r(nóng)業(yè)科學家。他們被華盛頓美國國務院授予年度獎項。國務卿安東尼·布林肯在公告中贊揚了這些人“在保護作物多樣性方面發(fā)揮的關(guān)鍵作用”對氣候變化的恐懼多年來，各國建立了種子庫來儲存種子以備將來使用。但福勒表示，他擔心氣候變化會導致農(nóng)業(yè)混亂。這將使種子供應變得更加重要。Hawtin是國際非營利組織全球作物多樣性信托基金會的執(zhí)行委員會成員。他說，過去農(nóng)作物面臨著許多威脅，如昆蟲、疾病、土地退化和政治動蕩。他說，氣候變化使這些問題更加嚴重。因此，他和Fowler認為需要額外的安全種子儲存。Hawtin解釋說，氣候變化正在改變病蟲害。他補充道：“氣候變化給那些一直很重要的問題帶來了很多額外的問題?！盕owler和Hawtin表示，他們希望獲得世界糧食獎將有助于他們?yōu)槭澜绺鞯氐姆N子庫籌集更多資金。操作它們的成本不太高。然而，財政支持需要永遠持續(xù)下去。Hawtin說：“這真的是一個機會，可以傳達這一信息，說，看，這筆相對較少的錢是我們的保險單——我們的保險政策，我們將能夠在50年內(nèi)養(yǎng)活世界。”。諾曼·博洛格設(shè)立了世界糧食獎。1970年，他因參與所謂的“綠色革命”而獲得諾貝爾和平獎。這是一項使作物更具生產(chǎn)力的巨大努力，這樣世界上不斷增長的人口就不會挨餓。今年秋天，F(xiàn)owler和Hawtin將在食品獎基金會所在的愛荷華州得梅因市接受該獎項。他們還將平分50萬美元的獎金。今年的獎項將在一年一度的諾曼·E·博洛格國際對話上頒發(fā)。會議將于10月29日至31日在得梅因舉行?！驹~匯積累】doomsday

–n.

theendoftheworldorjudgementday最后的審判日；世界末日sample

–n.

asmallamountofsomethingtakenforscientificstudy樣本critical

–adj.

veryimportant關(guān)鍵的diversity

–n.

havingmanydifferentkindsofthings多樣性degradation

–n.

theconditionofbreakingdownanddecreasinginquality退化significant

–adj.

notableorworthdiscussing值得注意的或值得討論的insurancepolicy

–n.

acontractwithaninsurancepanythatpromisestopaytheholderorpeoplenamedbytheholderacertainamountifthereisalossofthecoveredpropertybythecontract保險單【知識拓展】世界糧食獎，國際上在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域方面的最高榮譽，是由諾貝爾和平獎獲得者美國人諾曼·博洛格博士1986年設(shè)立，每年由總部在美國艾奧瓦州得梅因市的世界糧食獎基金會頒發(fā)一次，目的是獎勵那些"為人類提供營養(yǎng)豐富、數(shù)量充足的糧食作出突出貢獻的個人"，得獎者可獲得250,000美元。中國科學家何康、袁隆平、崔振嶺先后獲此殊榮?！驹~匯延伸】foodsupply食品供應食物供應食品供給菜籃子storagestructure存儲結(jié)構(gòu)儲存結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)存儲結(jié)構(gòu)climatechange氣候變化ArcticCircle北極圈SaudiArabia沙特阿拉伯AssociatedPress美聯(lián)社聯(lián)合通訊社綜合實戰(zhàn)演練（一）（2024·全國·高考真題）Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpreseededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A．Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B．Itrequiresdaytodaycare.C．Itcutsthefarmtotabledistance. D．Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.2．Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A．Realtimeweatherchanges. B．Currentconditionoftheplants.C．Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D．Availabilityofpreseededpods.3．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A．Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B．Theyaredevotedtomunityservice.C．Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.D．Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF’smajorstrengths. B．BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF’sglobalinfluence. D．BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）進一步縮短了從農(nóng)場到餐桌的距離。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，還有一個便捷的應用程序，可以實時提供增長數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個便捷的應用程序提供了植物生長的實時數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品。”)”可知，BMF員工具有強烈的環(huán)保意識。故選D。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進行遠程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應用程序可以實時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。命題要點簡析閱讀理解首先要做到的就是掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和總結(jié)。能否抓住這個中心，取決于讀者的總結(jié)能力。主旨大意題通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主題，選擇標題等形式。主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上運用概括、歸納、推理等邏輯方法對文章進行高度的概括和總結(jié)。主旨大意題包括文章主旨題、段落大意題和標題歸納題。每篇文章都有一個主旨大意。主旨大意題對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四種呈現(xiàn)形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明確給出(需要總結(jié))。做這種題要通讀文章，重點把握首末段、首末句；作者反復強調(diào)的觀點或文章中多次出現(xiàn)的詞句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,inshort,tosumup等表達轉(zhuǎn)折或總結(jié)的詞語。題型特征總覽主旨大意題考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解,

它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,

對整篇文章的主旨大意有一個較為清晰的印象,

既考查細節(jié)理解能力,

又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,

難度較大。（一）命題方式把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式:1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?2.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis

__________.

3.Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison

__________.

4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?5.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?7.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson

__________.

（二）解答技巧題型特點解題技巧主題類(內(nèi)容)考查文章或段落的主旨大意找主題句四竅門:(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,

infact,

actually等)時,

該句很可能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,

對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識地重復的觀點,

通常是主旨;

反復出現(xiàn)的詞語,

一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,

conclude,conclusion等詞。標題類要求考生選出文章的最佳標題文章標題三特點:(1)形式一般為單詞、短語或句子,

短語居多;(2)短小精悍,

精確性強;(3)涵蓋性強,

能覆蓋全文大意。Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’sMoreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissionsfromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.havingasysteminthesamebuilding為動名詞短語作主語，whereit’seaten引導定語從句，修飾先行詞building，means為句子謂語。翻譯：此外，在同一樓內(nèi)的這一系統(tǒng)（從種植到食用）意味著蔬菜從土壤到沙拉過程中的零排放。additional

adj.附加的；額外的；外加的→additionally

adv.此外；另外additional

adj.附加的；額外的；外加的→additionally

adv.此外；另外innovate

v.創(chuàng)新，革新→innovative

adj.革新的，創(chuàng)新的rely

v.依賴，依靠；信任，信賴→reliable

adj.可信賴的，可靠的，真實可信的specific

adj.特定的，特有的；具體的，明確的→specifically

adv.特別地，專門地；具體來說，確切地說grow

v.生長；成長；逐漸變得；增長；種植→growth

n.發(fā)育，生長；增長，發(fā)展emit

v.發(fā)出，射出，散發(fā)→emission

n.排放物，散發(fā)物；（光、熱、氣等的）發(fā)出，射出add

v.增加→addition

n.增加，添加；添加物；加，加法tradition

n.傳統(tǒng)，風俗→traditional

adj.傳統(tǒng)的surround

v.包圍，環(huán)繞，圍繞→surrounding

adj.周圍的，附近的sustainable

adj.可持續(xù)的→sustainability

n.可持續(xù)性recycle

v.（使）再循環(huán)，回收利用；再次應用→recycling

n.回收利用reduce

v.減少，縮小，減少（程度、重要性等）→reduction

n.減少，縮小，降低passion

n.強烈情感，激情；酷愛→passionate

adj.具有強烈信念的；熱愛的，酷愛的employ

v.雇用，聘請；運用，使用→employee

n.受雇者，雇工，雇員全文翻譯我們都知道食物新鮮是最好的。然而，商店里的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品在到達餐桌之前都要經(jīng)過數(shù)周的旅行和數(shù)百英里的運輸。盡管農(nóng)民市場是減少這種旅行的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）進一步縮短了這個距離。

BMF是一種室內(nèi)花園系統(tǒng)。它可以為家庭設(shè)置。此外，它還可以為更大的受眾服務，如醫(yī)院、餐館或?qū)W校。這種創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計幾乎不需要什么努力就能實現(xiàn)可靠的每周新鮮綠葉蔬菜供應。具體來說，它是一個依賴新技術(shù)的農(nóng)場。通過云連接，BMF可以遠程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應用程序，提供實時生長數(shù)據(jù)。由于系統(tǒng)是自動化的，它顯著減少了種植植物所需的水量。系統(tǒng)不是灌溉整排土壤，而是為每株植物提供恰到好處的水量。收獲后，用戶只需用新的預播種容器替換植物，就可以開始下一個生長周期。此外，在食用植物的同一建筑內(nèi)擁有系統(tǒng)意味著從土壤到沙拉的運輸過程中零排放。

此外，也不需要使用農(nóng)藥和其他污染傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場及其周圍環(huán)境的化學物質(zhì)。

BMF的員工在日常生活中實踐可持續(xù)性。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室內(nèi)，他們通過限制垃圾桶數(shù)量和避免使用一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少廢物。"我們熱衷于減少我們環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學物質(zhì)，"一位BMF員工說。（二）（2024·全國·校聯(lián)考一模）Everyyear,asthesurfacewatertemperatureofftheUnitedStatesmidAtlanticcoastrisessteadilyfromlatespringthroughthesummer,apocketofuncharacteristicallycoolandcrispwatergetstrappedatthebottomoftheocean.Packedwithnutrientsthisthickbandofcoldwater,knownasthemidAtlanticcoldpool,isavitalhomeforshellfishspecies.ExtendingatitsseasonalpeakfromNantucket,Massachusetts,toCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,thecoldpollcreatesadiverseecosystemrangingfromalgae(海藻)tofish—andsomeofthemostvaluableshellfishfisheriesintheUnitedStates.Now,however,twopressureshavescientistsworryingaboutwhetherthecoldpoolwilllast.Thefirstisnosurprise:climatechange.Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.Thesecondconcernis1esscertain.In2023,theUSfederalgovernmentapprovedplanstoinstall(安裝)98windturbines(渦輪機)offtheNewJerseycoast,coveringanareaofmorethan300squarekilometers.Yetputtingsomanyturbinestotheseafloorcouldhaveunexpectedconsequencesforthecoldpool.That’swhyTravisMiles,aresearcheratNewJersey’sRutgersUniversity,andhiscolleaguesareinvestigating.Sofar,Milesandhiscolleaguescan’tdefinitivelysaywhatwillhappentothecoldpool,sayingmoreresearchisneededtoassesshowclimatechangeandoffshorewind,together,couldaffectthecoldpool.However,theirinitialanalysessuggestthecoldpoolshouldbefine—atleastinnormalconditions.NewJersey’soffshorewindplansarestronglyopposedmainlybyfossilfuelindustryfundedefforts.Milesworriesthatanoverabundanceofcautionorfearofpotentialimpacts,includingonthecoldpool,mightslowdownthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy.“...it’squiteclearthatclimatechangeisfarmoredamagingthaninstallingwindfarms,”hesays.“Idon’tthinkanyscientistwouldarguewiththat.”5．WhatdoweknowaboutthemidAtlanticcoldpool?A．Itformsinearlyspring. B．It’sabandofcoldnearbottomwater.C．Itservesasahabitatofmostseaspecies. D．ItextendsfromNantuckettoNewJersey.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrink”inparagraph2mean?A．Breakdown. B．Getpolluted. C．Dryup. D．Beesmaller.7．Miles’attitudetowardinstallingwindfarmscanbedescribedas______.A．supportive B．dismissive C．overcautious D．skeptical8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheColdPoolPlaysaRoleonspeciesB．OpinionsDivideonOffshoreWindFarmsC．ScientistsEyePotentialRiskstotheColdPoolD．RenewableEnergyHelpstoRaceAgainstClimateChange【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．C【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述科學家們關(guān)心可能對冷池造成影響的兩個因素。5．細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Everyyear,asthesurfacewatertemperatureofftheUnitedStatesmidAtlanticcoastrisessteadilyfromlatespringthroughthesummer,apocketofuncharacteristicallycoolandcrispwatergetstrappedatthebottomoftheocean.Packedwithnutrientsthisthickbandofcoldwater,knownasthemidAtlanticcoldpool,isavitalhomeforshellfishspecies.(每年，隨著美國大西洋中部海岸的地表水溫度從春末到夏季穩(wěn)步上升，一團異常涼爽、清脆的水被困在海底。這條被稱為大西洋中部冷池的厚冷水帶富含營養(yǎng)，是貝類物種的重要家園。)”可知，大西洋中部冷池指的是是一條接近海底的冷水帶。故選B項。6．詞句猜測題。由文章第二段“Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.(在過去的五十年里，氣候變化破壞了冷池的穩(wěn)定，導致其變暖和。與1968年相比，現(xiàn)在冷池溫度上升了13攝氏度，面積減少了三分之一以上。)”可知，冷池的面積減少了三分之一以上，所以這里shrink應表示“縮小”的意思。故選D項。7．推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Milesworriesthatanoverabundanceofcautionorfearofpotentialimpacts,includingonthecoldpool,mightslowdownthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy.(Miles擔心，過于謹慎或擔心潛在影響，包括對冷池的影響，可能會減緩可再生能源的發(fā)展。)”和“it’squiteclearthatclimatechangeisfarmoredamagingthaninstallingwindfarms(很明顯，氣候變化的破壞性遠大于安裝風電場)”可知，Miles是贊成安裝風電場的。故選A項。8．主旨大意題。由文章第二段“Now,however,twopressureshavescientistsworryingaboutwhetherthecoldpoolwilllast.Thefirstisnosurprise:climatechange.Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.(然而，現(xiàn)在，兩種壓力讓科學家們擔心冷池是否會持續(xù)下去。第一點并不奇怪：氣候變化。在過去的五十年里，氣候變化破壞了冷池的穩(wěn)定，導致其變暖和萎縮。與1968年相比，現(xiàn)在冷池溫度上升了13攝氏度，面積減少了三分之一以上。)”以及下文可知，文章主要講述科學家們關(guān)心可能對冷池造成影響的兩個因素。所以C項ScientistsEyePotentialRiskstotheColdPool(科學家關(guān)注冷池的潛在風險)符合語境。故選C項。（三）（2023·廣東廣州·廣州市協(xié)和中學?？家荒＃￤hatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazonrainforest—theworld’slargestrainforest?AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazonrainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldatafrom1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandotherareas.Suchlinksarecalled“teleconnections(遙相關(guān))”.TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandasaclimatic“tippingpoint(臨界點)”thatcouldseeforeststurntotropicalgrasslandsbeyondacertainlimitofwarmingandhumandrivendeforestation.Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonwasassociatedwithwarmtemperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;morerainfallintheAmazonwasrelevanttolessrainfallinthoseregions.ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywerealsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremightpropagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuturewarmingcircumstances.ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisaknowntippingpoint.MeltingsnowontheTibetanplateauisnot,buttheregioniswarmingmorerapidlythanmuchoftherestoftheglobe,andchangestosnowandicetherecouldhaveconsequencesforecosystemsandthebillionsofpeoplethatrelyonitssnowmeltforwater.“IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazontippingpointmightsetothersoff”,saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcanfall.”9．Howdidthestudyidentifyteleconnections?A．Byrecordingtemperatureandrainfall.B．Byfindingthesimilaritiesbetweenregions.C．Byexaminingpreviousdataonglobalclimate.D．ByanalysingclimatologicaldataoftheAmazon.10．Theunderlinedword“propagate”inparagraph5probablymeans“________”.A．spread B．a(chǎn)bsorb C．launch D．switch11．WhatJothansuggestsabouttheAmazon?A．Itisnowatahigherriskofdisappearing.B．Itindeedhasaneffectonthetworegions.C．Deforestationiscausedbyhumanactivities.D．Thetippingpointmightcauseachainreaction.12．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．ChangeswithintheAmazon.B．TheAmazonatatippingpoint.C．TheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.D．GlobalimpactsoftheAmazondeforestation.【答案】9．C10．A11．D12．D【導語】本文是說明文。文章講述了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，亞馬遜雨林的快速砍伐可能會影響遠至青藏高原和南極洲的溫度和降雨。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldatafrom1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandotherareas.Suchlinksarecalled‘teleconnections(遙相關(guān))’.（中國北京師范大學的SainiYang和她的同事分析了1979年至2019年的全球氣候數(shù)據(jù)，以確定亞馬遜雨林與其他地區(qū)之間的溫度和降雨量之間的相關(guān)性。這種連接被稱為‘遠距連接’）”可知，該研究是通過檢查先前的全球氣候數(shù)據(jù)來確定遠程聯(lián)系的，故選C。10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywerealsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremightpropagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuturewarmingcircumstances.（通過分析亞馬遜地區(qū)和那些遙遠地區(qū)之間的溫度變化，他們還能夠追蹤森林火災釋放的能量或物質(zhì)(如黑碳)在大氣中propagate的途徑。他們的分析表明，在未來不同的變暖環(huán)境下，這條路線保持一致。）”可知，森林火災會釋放能量或物質(zhì)，在大氣中傳播。劃線詞是spread“擴散”的意思，故選A。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazontippingpointmightsetothersoff’,saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.‘Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcanfall.’（德國波茨坦氣候影響研究所的約翰說:“如果亞馬遜確實對這些地區(qū)有影響，這可能意味著亞馬遜臨界點引發(fā)其他地區(qū)爆發(fā)的風險更高。這又增加了一塊可能倒下的多米諾骨牌?！保笨芍?，約翰認為亞馬遜的臨界點可能會引起連鎖反應，故選D。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“WhatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazonrainforest—theworld’slargestrainforest?

AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazonrainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.（世界上最大的熱帶雨林——亞馬遜雨林的極端損失可能會對全球產(chǎn)生什么影響?一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，亞馬遜雨林的快速砍伐可能會影響遠至青藏高原和南極洲的溫度和降雨。）”以及下文的分析解釋可知，本文主要講述了亞馬遜森林砍伐對全球的影響。D選項符合最佳標題，故選D。（四）（2324高二上·浙江·單元測試）“Eatlocal.”It'sonewaytoreducehumaneffectontheplanet.Eatinglocalmeanstotrytobuyandconsumefoodsthataregrowninplacesclosetohome.However,mostofthefoodsoldatsupermarketsisnotlocallygrownorproduced.Trucksandplanesdeliverthesefoodsfromhundredsorthousandsofmilesaway.Duringthetransportation,greenhouse(溫室)gasesareproduced,causingglobalwarming.Sotheshorterthedistanceyourfoodsmusttravel,thelessharmisdonetotheenvironment.Buthowdoyougetlocalfoodifyouliveinalargecity,hundredsofmilesawayfromfarms?EnvironmentalhealthscientistDicksonDespommierandhisstudentscameupwiththeideaofa“vertical(垂直的)farm”.Averticalfarmisaglasswalledstructurethatcouldbebuiltastallasaskyscraper(摩天大樓).Sincethegardenisbuiltupwards,ratherthanoutwards,itrequiresmuchlessspacethananordinaryfarm.Theworldisquicklyrunningoutofroomforordinaryfarming.Verticalfarmscouldbeakeytothissituation.Despommierimaginesa30storeybuildingwithagreenhouseoneveryfloor.Thewallsofthebuildingwouldbecleartoallowcropstogetasmuchsunlightaspossible.Dependingonacity'swaterresources,Despommierthinkshydroponic(水培的)farmingisanothermethodfortheverticalfarmwhichneedsnosoiltogrowplants.Despommiersaysthehydroponicgreenhouseswoulduseasystemthatwoulduseacity'swastewaterandfillitwithnutritiontomakethecropsgrow.Ifthismethodworks,itwouldprovidefoodtoacityandsavemillionsoftonsofwater.Theideaofaverticalfarmhasattractedtheattentionofgovernmentofficialsaroundtheworld.ScottStringer,agovernmentofficialfromNewYorkCity,thinksthecityissuitablefortheverticalfarming.“Obviouslywedon'thavemuchlandleftforus,”Stringersaid.“ButtheskyisthelimitinManhattan.”Despommieradmitsthatthereisstillalotofworktodotomakeverticalfarmsareality.“ButIthinkverticalfarmingisanideathatcanworkinabigway,”hesays.13．Whyarepeopleadvisedtoeatlocal?A．Becauseitmeansconveniencetopeople. B．Becauseitcanhelppeoplesavealotofmoney.C．Becauselocalfoodhasmorenutrition. D．Becauseitisenvironmentallyfriendly.14．Whichisoneoftheverticalfarm'sbenefitswhenparedwithordinaryfarming?A．Itproduceshealthierfood. B．Itdoeslessharmtothecities.C．Itneedsmorespaceofthecity. D．Itrequireslesstransportcosts.15．Bysaying“theskyisthelimitinManhattan”,Stringermeans________.A．peoplecanmakefulluseofverticalspaceofManhattanB．thereisalimitforusingemptylandinManhattanC．theheightofbuildingsinManhattanislimitedD．Manhattancanspreadasfaraspossible16．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverticalfarminginthepassage?A．Nosoilisneededtogrowplantsonaverticalfarm.B．Ithassolvedtheproblemofthefoodshortageinabigway.C．Thewallsofthebuildingwouldbecleartoletpeopleseetheplantsclearly.D．Cropsaremainlygrownintherainwateronaverticalfarm.【答案】13．D14．B15．A16．A【導語】這是一篇說明文。這篇文章介紹了人們吃當?shù)氐氖澄?，因為對環(huán)境有好處。13．細節(jié)理解題。