北京市西城區(qū)2022-2023學年高一上學期期末考試英語試卷 含解析

北京市西城區(qū)2022—2023學年度第一學期期末試卷高一英語本試卷共16頁，共140分?？荚嚂r長120分鐘?？忌鷦毡卦诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)Ⅰ.聽力理解(共三節(jié)，22.5分)第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題1.5分，共6分)聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Howmuchwillthewomanlendtheman?A.100yuan.B.200yuan.C.300yuan.2.Whydoesn’tthewomaneatdessert?A.Becauseshecan’tgetany.B.Becauseshedoesn’tlikeit.C.Becauseshehasastomachache.3.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Workmates.B.Relatives.C.Classmates.4Whichclubwillthemanprobablyjoin?A.TheBasketballClub.B.ThePaintingClub.C.TheRobotClub.第二節(jié):(共6小題;每小題1.5分，共9分)聽下面三段對話，每段對話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽兩遍。聽第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anemail.B.Aproject.C.Acollege.6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasmadesomenewfriends.B.Hehasalreadyfinishedthevideoproject.C.Hewantstoknowotherstudentsinthecollege.聽第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。7.Whatdoesthemanprefer?A.Readingrealbooks.B.Readingonhisphone.C.Readingoncomputers.8.Whatwillbethetopicoftheirspeech?A.Newwaysofreading.B.Disadvantagesofdigitalreading.C.Changesofpeople’sreadinghabits.聽第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。9.Whatisthemandoing?A.Offeringhelp.B.Askingforadvice.C.Makinganapology.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanisworkingfulltime.B.Themanhasdecidedtoquithisjob.C.Themanhasseenthecourseintroduction.第三節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題1.5分，共7.5分)聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。IntroductiontoEcolifeAgriculturalParkAimtogiveeducationalopportunitiestothe11toawakeninterestinplantlifetoprovidevisitorsenjoymentAreasGreenRanchWe12differentanimals.Fish13Manyofthefisharefor14.AngelGardenAwidevarietyof15aregrown.II.完形填空(共15小題;每小題1.5分，共22.5分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Nixon,59yearsold,wasbornandgrewupinSt.Petersburg.Eachmorning,hesitsonabench,watchesthesunrise,andconnectswith___1___fromallwalksoflife.Eightyearsago,hedecidedtobegineachdayfromabenchwithanimpressiveviewoftheSt.Petersburgwaterfront(圣彼得堡海濱),becauseitmadehimfeelcalmand___2___beforestartinghisday.Aboutayearlater,awomanstoppedtosayhello,andshesaidsomethingthat___3___Nixon’sviewonhisdailyvisit.Shesaid,“EverymorningwhenIseeyousittinghere,IknoweverythingisgoingtobeOK.”That’swhenNixon___4___heneededtopayattentiontothepeoplewalkingpast.Insteadofstaringstraightaheadatthewaterfront,Nixonstarted___5___atpeopleandtalkingtothem.Andprettysoon,someearlyrisersbegan___6___himonthebench,sometimessharingtheirpressureandaskinghimforadviceaboutpersonalproblems.Nomatterwhatproblemapersonwantsto___7___,Nixonlendsanear.Oneday,acouplecamebytotalkabouttheirproblems.Thehusbandwasalwaysworking.Itwasruiningtheir___8___.Nixontoldhim,“Youhavetoknowwhat’sreallyimportant.”Themanadmittedhe’dputeverythinghehadintohis___9___formanyyearsinsteadoffocusingonhisfamily.“Hestartedtocryandagreedthatheneededto____10____,”Nixonsays,“Wehuggedeachotherandbecamefriendsafterthat.”Nixonwasalwayshappytolisten,andhelistenswithout____11____andwithoutanykindofreturnexpected.“Youhavetolistenwithanopenheart,becauseyouneverknowwho’sgoingtowalkup,”Nixonsays.Heisalovingandloyal____12____tomany.Forthosewhowalkedpastthebench,theywerealways____13____withasmileandaskedhowtheyweredoing.Notopicisofflimits,butsomepeopledon’twanttotalk.Theysimplywanttositnexttosomeoneandsharethe____14____.OnceawomanstoppedandjustsatwithNixonforanhour;thenshesaidthanksandwalkedaway.Shejustwantedamomentofpeaceandtoknowshewasn’t____15____.Andatthatmoment,shetrulywasn’t.1.A.teenagers B.relatives C.strangers D.neighbors2.A.peaceful B.excited C.proud D.surprised3.A.formed B.changed C.developed D.supported4.A.agreed B.realized C.imagined D.remembered5.A.pointing B.laughing C.shouting D.smiling6.A.joining B.noticing C.leaving D.praising7.A.air B.face C.hear D.create8.A.fame B.success C.marriage D.privacy9.A.health B.hobbies C.kids D.job10.A.giveup B.calmdown C.speakup D.slowdown11.A.emotion B.consideration C.judgment D.interest12.A.guide B.teacher C.friend D.workmate13.A.hugged B.greeted C.competed D.satisfied14.A.secrets B.worries C.happiness D.silence15.A.sad B.alone C.stressed D.hopeless【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.A7.A8.C9.D10.D11.C12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了59歲的Nixon每天早上坐在長椅上和路過的行人打招呼，聊天，帶給了大家快樂，然后成為朋友的故事。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天早上，他坐在長椅上，看日出，與各行各業(yè)的陌生人交流。A.teenagers青少年；B.relatives親戚；C.strangers陌生人；D.neighbors鄰居。根據(jù)下文“fromallwalksoflife(來自各行各業(yè)的)”可知，這些來自各行各業(yè)的人應該只是他坐在長椅上見到的陌生人。故選C項。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：八年前，他決定每天從一張可以看到圣彼得堡海濱美景的長椅開始，因為這讓他在開始一天的工作之前感到平靜和安寧。A.peaceful平和的；B.excited興奮的；C.proud自豪的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)上文“calm”可知，Nixon在開始一天的工作前坐在長椅上感受平靜和安寧。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：大約一年后，一位女士停下來打招呼，她說了些事情，這改變了尼克松對自己的每日例行訪問的看法。A.formed構成；B.changed改變；C.developed發(fā)展；D.supported支持。根據(jù)下文“That’swhenNixonrealizedheneededtopayattentiontothepeoplewalkingpast.(那個時候尼克松意識到他需要注意走過的人。)”可知，這位女士和他的互動使得他的長椅例行訪問注意點發(fā)生改變，由感受這座城市轉為關注行人。故選B項。【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那個時候尼克松意識到他需要注意走過的人。A.agreed同意；B.realized意識到；C.imagined想象；D.remembered記起。根據(jù)下文“Insteadofstaringstraightaheadatthewaterfront,Nixonstartedsmilingatpeopleandtalkingtothem.(尼克松沒有再盯著海濱，而是開始對人們微笑并與他們交談。)”可知，他之所以改變自己的行為，是因為他意識到了什么。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：尼克松沒有再盯著海濱，而是開始對人們微笑并與他們交談。A.pointing指出；B.laughing大笑；C.shouting大喊；D.smiling微笑。根據(jù)下文“Andprettysoon,someearlyrisersbeganjoininghimonthebench,sometimessharingtheirpressureandaskinghimforadviceaboutpersonalproblems.(很快，一些早起的人開始和他一起坐在板凳上，有時分享他們的壓力，并向他請教個人問題尋求建議。)”可知，尼克斯逐漸和這些人建立起了良好關系，這說明他對他們很友好，因此可推測他朝著人們微笑。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，一些早起人開始和他一起坐在板凳上，有時分享他們的壓力，并向他請教個人問題尋求建議。A.joining加入；B.noticing注意；C.leaving離開；D.praising表揚。根據(jù)下文最后一段的“Theysimplywanttositnexttosomeone(他們只是想要坐在某個人的旁邊)”可知，這些人加入他的行列，坐在長椅上和他聊天。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不管一個人想要公開的是什么問題，尼克松都會傾聽。A.air使通風，使公開；B.face面對；C.hear聽到；D.create創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)下文“Nixonwasalwayshappytolisten(尼克松總是很喜歡傾聽)”可知，文章反復提及他愿意傾聽人們訴說的各種問題，而這個前提是人們愿意向他公開。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這正在毀掉他們的婚姻。A.fame名聲；B.success成功；C.marriage婚姻；D.privacy隱私。根據(jù)下文“Themanadmittedhe’dputeverythinghehadintohisjobformanyyearsinsteadoffocusingonhisfamily.(這個男人承認，多年來他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是專注于家庭。)”可知，只顧工作，不管家庭，可能毀掉的應該是家庭。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個男人承認，多年來他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是專注于家庭。A.health健康；B.hobbies愛好；C.kids孩子；D.job工作；根據(jù)上文“Thehusbandwasalwaysworking.(丈夫總是在工作。)”可知，這個男人把精力都投入在工作上了。故選D項。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：“他開始哭，而且也贊同他需要放緩速度，”尼克松說：“我們互相擁抱，從此之后成為了朋友。”A.giveup放棄；B.calmdown冷靜下來；C.speakup明確表態(tài)；D.slowdown放緩。根據(jù)上文“Thehusbandwasalwaysworking.(丈夫總是在工作。)”可知，這個男人太忙于工作了，得放緩速度，抽出時間來關注家人。故選D項。【11題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：尼克松總是樂于傾聽，他沒有評價，也沒有任何預期的回應。A.emotion情緒；B.consideration考慮；C.judgment評價；D.interest興趣；根據(jù)下文“withoutanykindofreturnexpected(沒有任何預期的回應)”可知，尼克松做的只是單純的傾聽，不評價，不從自身出發(fā)回應。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對很多人而言，他都是一個有愛的，忠誠的朋友。A.guide導游；B.teacher老師；C.friend朋友；D.workmate同事。根據(jù)上文“wehuggedeachotherandbecamefriendsafterthat.(我們互相擁抱，從此之后成為了朋友。)”可知，尼克松和這些陌生人成為了朋友。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對于那些走過長椅的人，他們總是面帶微笑地打招呼，并問他們過得怎么樣。A.hugged擁抱；B.greeted打招呼；C.competed競爭；D.satisfied使?jié)M意。根據(jù)下文“withasmileandaskedhowtheyweredoing(面帶微笑，并問他們過得怎么樣)”可知，這是尼克松和路過的行人之間的互動，打招呼和交談。故選B項。【14題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們只是想坐在某人旁邊，并且共享這寂靜。A.secrets秘密；B.worries擔憂；C.happiness幸福；D.silence寂靜。根據(jù)下文“OnceawomanstoppedandjustsatwithNixonforanhour;thenshesaidthanksandwalkedaway.(有一次，一個女人停下來，和尼克松坐了一個小時；然后她說了聲謝謝就走了。)”可知，類似的情況下，兩個人不說話保持沉默，那么可想而知很安靜。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她只是想要片刻的平和，并且想知道她自己并不孤單。A.sad悲傷的；B.alone孤獨的；C.stressed緊張的；D.hopeless不抱希望的。根據(jù)下文“Andatthatmoment,shetrulywasn’t.(那一刻，她確實不孤獨。)”可知，她只是想知道自己并不孤單。故選B項。III.閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ARecreationalSportsMembershipOhioStateUniversityhassomeofthebestrecreationfacilities(設施)inthecountry.OurRecreationandPhysicalActivityCenter(RPAC)hasopenedinthepast10years,whosefacilitiesandprogramsaredesignedtofitallyourneedsandschedule.RPACMembershipRightsAmembershipisyourtickettotakeadvantageofallthefacilitiesandprograms.ClassesandprogramsGroupfitness,sportclubsandoutdooradventureprogramsareonlyavailabletocurrentRPACmembers.Youcanattendunlimitedfreegroupfitnessclassesaspartofyourmembership.Anextrapaymentwillberequiredifyoupreferpersonaltrainingclasses.GuestsandFamilyParticipationMembersmaysponsoruptotwoguestsduringavisit.AdailyguestpassisrequiredforeachguesttoenterRPAC,andmembersmustbepresentatthetimeofbuyingapass.Thepassisacceptedatallfacilitiesforunlimitedre-entriesinaone-dayperiod.RPACaimstoofferafamily-friendlyenvironment.Membersareabletoenjoyqualitytimewiththeirfamiliesfreeofchargeinavarietyoffamily-friendlyaccommodations,includingfamilychangingrooms,theLoungegameroom,andLeisurepool.LockerandTowelRentalRPACoffersfull-servicemen’sandwomen’slockerroomsfeaturinglargeandmediumsizelockers,whichcanberentedeithermonthlyoryearly.RPACtowelserviceisavailableinadditiontodaylockersatvariouslocationsthroughoutthefacility.RPACMembershipResponsibilitiesInanefforttocreateawelcomingandsafeenvironmentforallmembers,youhavetheresponsibilitytofollowthefollowingpolicies:Filmingandphotographyinthefacilitiesmustbeapprovedinadvance.Cellphonephotographyandvideoarenotpermittedinlockerrooms.Fightingandroughplayarenotpermittedinallfacilities.Shoesarerequiredinallpublicareasofallindoorfacilities,exceptforlockerroomsandswimmingpools.Allequipmentchecked-outfromRPACmustbereturnedattherequiredcheck-intime.Youmaybechargedfortheequipmentreturnedlateordamaged.PleasecontactmemberservicesifyouhaveanyotherquestionsaboutyourRPACmembership.16.WhatcanaRPACmemberdoforfree?A.EnjoyfamilytimeinLeisurepool.B.Attendpersonaltrainingclasses.C.Usealockerforawholeyear.D.Takeaguesttoallfacilities.17.Whichisoneofthemember’sresponsibilities?A.Wearingshoesinallpublicareas.B.Nocellphoneuseinlockerrooms.C.Nofilmingandphotographyinallareas.D.Returningchecked-outequipmentontime.18.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom______.A.auniversitywebsite B.aresearchpaperC.asciencemagazine D.agovernmentreport【答案】16.A17.D18.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了俄亥俄州立大學的娛樂健身中心及其會員權利。【16題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GuestsandFamilyParticipation”中第二段第二句“Membersareabletoenjoyqualitytimewiththeirfamiliesfreeofchargeinavarietyoffamily-friendlyaccommodations,includingfamilychangingrooms,theLoungegameroom,andLeisurepool.”（在我們提供的多種服務設施中，會員可以免費享受和家人的黃金時光，包括家庭更衣室，休息游戲室，休閑池。）可知，會員及家人使用休閑池是免費的。故選A項?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“RPACMembershipResponsibilities”中第六段第一句“Allequipmentchecked-outfromRPACmustbereturnedattherequiredcheck-intime.”（所有的RPAC的退房設備必須在規(guī)定時間內歸還。）可知，必須準時歸還所有的設備。故選D項?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“OhioStateUniversityhassomeofthebestrecreationfacilities(設施)inthecountry.”（俄亥俄州立大學擁有一些美國最好的消遣娛樂設施）并結合文章對RPAC的介紹可知，文章主要介紹了大學的娛樂健身中心，最可能出現(xiàn)在大學網(wǎng)站上。故選A項。BAchildsciencegenius(天才)haswowedhisprofessorsandclassmatesbybecomingacollegegraduateattheageof13.ElliottTannerrecentlygraduatedfromtheUniversityofMinnesotawithabachelor’s(學士)degreeinphysics,withaminorinmathematics.Elliott’sparentsareveryproudofthehardworkanddevotionheshowedtogethisdegreeatsuchayoungageandarepleasedthathehasbecomeaninspirationtolotsofpeople.Elliott’smomsaid,“Healsoinspiresustobebetterpeopleeveryday.”Elliott’sparentsfirstrealizedtheirsonwasgiftedattheage3,whenhedisplayedamazinglanguageandmathskills.Itbecameclearthatatraditionaleducationexperiencewouldnotbeagoodfitforhim.Elliottwasthenhomeschooledbyhisparents.“Elliottendeduplearningandusinginformationquickerthanwecouldprovideit,”hismotheradded.Byage9,Elliotthadalreadycompletedmostofthenormalhighschoolcourses,andhisparentswerestrugglingtokeepupwithhim.Sotheysenthimtothelocalcommunitycollege,whereElliottreallydevelopedhispassion(熱愛)forphysics.“Foralongtime,Iwantedtobeamathematician,”Elliottsaid.“ThenIwasintroducedtoaphysicsclass,andthatreallyinspiredmetolearnmoreaboutthesecretsoftheworld.”Whenhewas11yearsold,ElliottmovedtotheUniversityofMinnesotatostartstudyingphysicsandmath.Althoughhiscollegeexperienceisalittledifferentfromthatofhisclassmates,Elliottstillhangsoutwithhispeersinthestudentlounge,discussinghomework,debatingphysicstopicsorwatchingmovies.Beingwithpeoplethatarejustaspassionateaboutphysicsasheishasbeenpleasingenoughforhim.OneofthebiggestchallengesElliottandhisfamilyhavefacediscriticismonlinefrompeoplewhomakejudgmentsaboutwhathislifemustbelike.Manypeoplebelievehecan’thavemanysocialskills.However,Elliotthasalwaysenjoyedinteractingwithkidshisownage.Helovesplayingwithotherneighborhoodchildren,andjustliketheotherkids,Elliottgoestrick-or-treatingonHalloween,butinanacademicway:HedressesupasAlbertEinstein,hisfavoritescientist.ElliotthasbeenacceptedintotheUniversityofMinnesota’sPhDprogramandwillstarthisstudynextyear.Inthefuture,ElliottaimstobeaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandbecomeanexpertinphysics.“Ican’twaittogetstarted,”hesaid.19.WhatdidElliott’sparentsdowhentheyrealizedhewasgifted?A.Theysenthimtoanormalhighschool.B.Theyaskedforadvicefromuniversities.C.Theytaughthimbythemselvesathome.D.Theyhelpedhimfitintotraditionaleducation.20.WhenElliottmovedtotheUniversityofMinnesota,he______.A.discoveredhispassionforphysicsB.enjoyedstayingwithhisclassmatesC.dressedupasAlbertEinsteininclassD.refusedtoplaywithkidshisownage21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Elliotthasfewsocialskills.B.Elliottlovesexploringtheworld.C.Elliotthasnotalentforlanguage.D.Elliotthopestobeamathematician.22.FromElliott’sstory,weknowthat______.A.physicsisthemostimportantsubjectB.childrenshouldbeeducatedathomeC.geniusesneedsupportjustaswedoD.theearlierkidsstartschool,thebetter【答案】19.C20.B21.B22.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介講述美國神童9歲上大學，13歲被博士班錄取，夢想成為理論物理學家?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itbecameclearthatatraditionaleducationexperiencewouldnotbeagoodfitforhim.Elliottwasthenhomeschooledbyhisparents.(很明顯，傳統(tǒng)的教育經(jīng)歷并不適合他。埃利奧特在家里接受父母的教育。)”可知，埃利奧特的父母發(fā)現(xiàn)他有天賦后，他們在家自己教他。故選C。【20題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Whenhewas11yearsold,ElliottmovedtotheUniversityofMinnesotatostartstudyingphysicsandmath.Althoughhiscollegeexperienceisalittledifferentfromthatofhisclassmates,Elliottstillhangsoutwithhispeersinthestudentlounge,discussinghomework,debatingphysicstopicsorwatchingmovies.Beingwithpeoplethatarejustaspassionateaboutphysicsasheishasbeenpleasingenoughforhim.(11歲時，埃利奧特搬到明尼蘇達大學開始學習物理和數(shù)學。盡管他的大學經(jīng)歷與他的同學們有些不同，但埃利奧特仍然和他的同學們在學生休息室閑逛，討論作業(yè)，辯論物理話題或看電影。和他一樣對物理充滿熱情的人在一起對他來說已經(jīng)足夠愉快了。)”可知，當埃利奧特搬到明尼蘇達大學時，他喜歡和同學呆在一起。故選B。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThenIwasintroducedtoaphysicsclass,andthatreallyinspiredmetolearnmoreaboutthesecretsoftheworld.(后來我被介紹上了一門物理課，這真的激勵了我去了解更多關于世界的秘密。)”可知，埃利奧特喜歡探索世界。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Elliottwasthenhomeschooledbyhisparents.(埃利奧特在家里接受父母的教育。)”和第六段“OneofthebiggestchallengesElliottandhisfamilyhavefacediscriticismonlinefrompeoplewhomakejudgmentsaboutwhathislifemustbelike.(埃利奧特和他的家人面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一是網(wǎng)上那些對他的生活做出判斷的人的批評。)”可推斷，從艾略特的故事中，我們知道天才和我們一樣需要家人和社會的支持。故選C。CIfyou’retiredofyourphone,you’renotalone.Peoplereceivebetweenaround60and80dailynotifications(通知)onaverage,andsomeofusmaygetasmanyas200.Theseseeminglyendlessdingsandbuzzescanreallyaffectourwellbeing.Researchhaslinkedthemtodepressionandanxiety,andtheymayevencauseproblemsassociatedwithADHD(多動癥).Theseoutcomesmayresultfromthefactthatfrequentphoneinterruptionsincreaseourcognitiveload(認知負荷),ortheamountofinformationprocessedbytheworkingmemory.Weonlyhavesomuchmentalcapacity,andtheextraeffortittakestoswitchbetweentaskscanmakeustired,lessfocusedanddisrupt(擾亂)emotionalregulation.Additionally,inthisstate,weevenexperiencealessaccurateperceptionoftime—wefeeltimeispassingfasterthaninreality,whichwouldeventuallyleadustooverlookresultsandcausehurrieddecisions,forexample,buyingapriceydresswithoutthinkingitthrough.Withthefactthatcellphonenotificationscanmesswithourbrains,scientistshavesoughtoutwaystocounteracttheseeffects.Onepossiblesolution:Schedulingnotificationsintobatches(批次)thatarriveatcertaintimesofthedaywiththehelpofcertainapps.Forexample,youcouldchoosetokeepthingsquietexceptforat7am,noonand5pmtogowithwakingup,takingalunchbreakandheadinghomefromschool.Ina2019study,researchersassigned237participants(參與者)intothreegroups,includingthosewhoreceivedalltheirnotificationsthreetimesaday,hourly,ornoneatall.Thethree-times-a-daygroupsaidtheyfeltmoreproductive,attentive,inabettermoodandingreatercontroloftheirphonesthantheothertwogroups,whilethenotification-freegroupexperiencedmoreanxietyandfearofmissingout.Besides,someresearchershavearguedthatmorepersonalizeduserdesignispossible.Developersshouldpayattentiontohowpeopleinteractwiththeirdevices.Withthehelpofamachinelearningmodel,ourphonecanautomaticallylearnfromourpastbehaviorwhattypesofnotificationwewanttoreceivefirst,suchasmessagesfromrelatives.Thus,certainnotificationscanbedeliveredatsuitabletimes.Thishighlyindividualizedmethodcouldbebeneficial,butmoreindividualitymeansmorephonemonitoring,whichintroducesyetanotherproblem:Inthestruggletofreeourselvesfromtechaddiction,itisn’tclearwhethermoremonitoringisthesolution,orjustaddingmorefueltothefire.23.Whatisthepossibleresultoffrequentphonenotifications?A.Theworkingmemoryprocesseslessinformation.B.Timepassesfasterthanwhatweareusuallyusedto.C.Wetendtohavedistractionandemotionaldisruptions.D.Weweighthepossibleresultsbeforemakingdecisions.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthe2019study?A.Thestudylastedthreeyears.B.Thecomparativemethodwasused.C.Thenone-at-allgroupfeltmoreproductive.D.Participantswereaddictedtotheirmobilephones.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Depressionandanxietyleadustorelyonourphones.B.Addingextraphonemonitoringcanfreeusfromtechaddiction.C.Thefewerphonenotificationsreceived,thebetterwecontrolourphones.D.Personalizeduserdesignhelpsphonesdecidewhatnotificationscomefirst.26.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Towarnusagainstthephoneoveruse.BTodrawourattentiontotheproblemsofADHD.C.Tostresstheimportanceofcontrollingourphones.D.Todiscusswaystohandlefrequentphonenotifications.【答案】23.C24.B25.D26.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了電話通知過多給人體造成了不良影響，并探討了產(chǎn)生的原因和解決措施?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一二句“Theseoutcomesmayresultfromthefactthatfrequentphoneinterruptionsincreaseourcognitiveload(認知負荷),ortheamountofinformationprocessedbytheworkingmemory.Weonlyhavesomuchmentalcapacity,andtheextraeffortittakestoswitchbetweentaskscanmakeustired,lessfocusedanddisrupt(擾亂)emotionalregulation.(這些結果可能是由于頻繁的電話中斷增加了我們的認知負荷，或由工作記憶處理的信息量。我們只有這么多的腦力，在不同任務之間轉換所需的額外努力會使我們感到疲憊、注意力不集中，并且擾亂情緒調節(jié)。)”可知，頻繁的電話通知會增加工作記憶需要處理的信息量，因此腦力有限的我們會感到疲憊、注意力不集中，并且擾亂情緒調節(jié)。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Ina2019study,researchersassigned237participants(參與者)intothreegroups,includingthosewhoreceivedalltheirnotificationsthreetimesaday,hourly,ornoneatall.(在2019年的一項研究中，研究人員將237名參與者分為三組，包括那些一天三次收到通知、每小時收到通知或根本沒有收到通知的人。)”可知，參與者被分為三組，即對比分析法在這個研究中被使用。故選B項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Besides,someresearchershavearguedthatmorepersonalizeduserdesignispossible.Developersshouldpayattentiontohowpeopleinteractwiththeirdevices.Withthehelpofamachinelearningmodel,ourphonecanautomaticallylearnfromourpastbehaviorwhattypesofnotificationwewanttoreceivefirst,suchasmessagesfromrelatives.Thus,certainnotificationscanbedeliveredatsuitabletimes.(此外，一些研究人員認為，更個性化的用戶設計是可能的。開發(fā)人員應該注意人們如何與他們的設備互動。在機器學習模型的幫助下，我們的手機可以自動從我們過去的行為中了解我們希望首先收到什么類型的通知，例如來自親戚的消息。因此，可以在適當?shù)臅r間發(fā)送某些通知。)”可知，一些研究人員的觀點表明個性化的用戶設計可能能夠幫助手機設定什么樣的通知先發(fā)送。故選D項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Peoplereceivebetweenaround60and80dailynotifications(通知)onaverage,andsomeofusmaygetasmanyas200.(平均而言，人們每天收到大約60到80條通知，我們中的一些人可能會得到200條之多。)”可知，本文第一段指出手機通知過多這一問題現(xiàn)狀；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Theseoutcomesmayresultfromthefactthatfrequentphoneinterruptionsincreaseourcognitiveload(認知負荷),ortheamountofinformationprocessedbytheworkingmemory.(這些結果可能是由于頻繁的電話中斷增加了我們的認知負荷,或由工作記憶處理的信息量。)”可知，第二段探討這一問題出現(xiàn)的原因；根據(jù)第三段第一句“Withthefactthatcellphonenotificationscanmesswithourbrains,scientistshavesoughtoutwaystocounteracttheseeffects.(由于手機通知會干擾我們的大腦，科學家們已經(jīng)找到了抵消這些影響的方法。)”可知，后三段則探討解決這一問題的辦法，即解決問題的辦法才是本文的重中之重，即寫作目的。故選D項。DStudentsmeetattheuniversitycampusforclassesduringtheir20s.Thisclassicalmodeloftime,actionandplacehastraditionallyproducedfamousuniversities,butitisnowchallengedbythedigitalizationofsociety—whichallowseverybodywhoisconnectedtotheInternettoaccesslearning—andbytheneedtoacquireskillsinstepwithfastdevelopmentoftechnology.Universitiesmustrealizethatlearninginthe20swon’tbeenough.Byteachingfoundationalknowledgeandup-to-dateskills,universitiesneedtoprovidestudentswiththefuture-proofskillsoflifelonglearning,notjustgetthem‘job-ready’.Someuniversitiesalreadyplayanimportantroleinlifelonglearningastheywanttokeepthevalueoftheirdiplomas(文憑).Thisnewrolecomeswithahugesetofchallengesandneedslargelytobeinvented.Onewaytostartthistransformationprocesscouldbetogobeyondthe‘diplomamodel’toadaptuniversityeducationtolifelonglearning.Wecallthismodelthelifelonglearningpassport.TheBachelor’sdegreecouldbestudents’passporttolifelonglearning.Forthefirstfewyears,studentswould‘learntolearn’andgetendowedwithreasoningskillsthatremainwiththemfortherestoftheirlives.Forinstance,physicsallowsstudentstoobserveandintegrate(融合)observationsintomodelsand,sometimes,modelsintotheoriesorlawsthatcanbeusedtomakepredictions.Mathematicsisthelanguageusedtodevelopthelawsofphysicsoreconomy.Thesetwosubjectsnaturallyformthebasicpillars(支柱)ofeducationintechnicaluniversities.Recentadvancesincomputationalmethodsanddatasciencepushusintorethinkingscienceandengineering.Computersincreasinglybecomethemostimportantactorsinprocessingdataandformulatingquestions,whichrequirescompletelynewwaysofreasoning.Therefore,anewsubjectintegratingcomputerscience,programming,statisticsandmachinelearningshouldbeaddedtothetraditionalfoundationaltopicsofmathematicsandphysics.Thesethreepillarswouldallowyoutokeeplearningtechnicalsubjectsallyourlife.Accordingtothisnewmodel,theMasterofScience(MSc)wouldbecomethefirststampinthelifelonglearningjourney.ThenewMScdiplomabecomesasetofaccomplishedprojectsandalistoftechnicalskills.Itisopen-endedandmustbeupdatedthroughoutlife,astechnologiesandtheirapplicationschangefasterthanever.Universitieshaveafundamentalroletoplayinthisjourney,andhighereducationisinforachange.Theolduniversitymodelproducedtalentandvalueforsociety.Wearenotsupportingitsabolition(廢除)butrathercallingfortheadaptationofitscharacteristicstomeettheneedsoftoday.27.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Technologicaldevelopmentchallengestheuniversitymodel.B.Theclassicalmodelservesfamousuniversitieswell.C.Studentsdon’tmeetatcampusduetodigitalization.D.Universitiescontinuetoimproveworkerskills.28.Whatcanbelearntfromthepassage?A.ThestudentsgetalifelongpassportwithaBachelor’sdegree.B.Thethreepillarshelpwithcontinuouslearningintechnology.C.Physicsandmathematicsareenoughforlearningtechnology.D.MScprogrammesarethemostimportantforlifelonglearning.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“getendowedwith”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Beconcernedwith. B.Makeroomfor.C.Beequippedwith. D.Makepreparationsfor.30.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ChangestouniversityprojectsB.ImportanceofLifelongLearningCDevelopmentofFurtherEducationD.NecessitytoAdaptUniversityModel【答案】27.A28.B29.C30.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為何大學應采用終身學習的新模式以適應時代需要?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisclassicalmodeloftime,actionandplacehastraditionallyproducedfamousuniversities,butitisnowchallengedbythedigitalizationofsociety—whichallowseverybodywhoisconnectedtotheInternettoaccesslearning—andbytheneedtoacquireskillsinstepwithfastdevelopmentoftechnology.(這種時間、行為和地點的經(jīng)典模式傳統(tǒng)上造就了著名的大學，但現(xiàn)在它受到了社會數(shù)字化的挑戰(zhàn)——它允許每個連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人都能獲得學習的機會——以及需要獲得與技術快速發(fā)展同步的技能。)”可知，本段主要介紹技術發(fā)展對大學模式的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Therefore,anewsubjectintegratingcomputerscience,programming,statisticsandmachinelearningshouldbeaddedtothetraditionalfoundationaltopicsofmathematicsandphysics.Thesethreepillarswouldallowyoutokeeplearningtechnicalsubjectsallyourlife.(因此，在傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學和物理基礎學科之外，應該增加一門集計算機科學、編程、統(tǒng)計學和機器學習于一體的新學科。這三大支柱將使你一生都能不斷學習技術科目。)”可知，三大支柱有助于技術的持續(xù)學習。故選B?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文舉例“Forinstance,physicsallowsstudentstoobserveandintegrate(融合)observationsintomodelsand,sometimes,modelsintotheoriesorlawsthatcanbeusedtomakepredictions.(例如，