Unit 7 International charities 語(yǔ)法精講課件

UnitSevenInternationalcharitiesrammarLearningaimsTolearntoformthepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenseTolearntousethepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenseHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?LeadinTask1易水寒江雪敬奉WatchandsayLookandsay:

Patientsaredoneoperationsonbythem.WhatdoORBISdoctorsandnursesdo?ORBISdoctorsdooperations.

Whatistheplaneusedas?Itisusedasahospital.Itisalsousedasatrainingcentre.

They

built

anewbridge.

Anewbridgewasbuiltbythem.Activevoice主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Passivevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Hisbrother

speaks

Englishevery

day.主謂賓(受動(dòng)者)English

isspoken

byhisbrother

every

day.改一改易水寒江雪敬奉1.Themainroad

(clean).2.Manyposters

(paint).3.Abigappletree

(plant).4.Alotoffamoussingers

(invite).

5.Somegoodadvice

(give).6.Allthethings

(check).

areinvitedarepaintedisplantediscleanedisgivenarechecked一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用填一填易水寒江雪敬奉Thenewsletterarticleisnotwritten.Thesnacksforthesingersarenotbought.Subject

benot

V.(p.p)++Negativesentencesinsimplepresenttense

They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were+過(guò)去分詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)易水寒江雪敬奉A(yù)hotel

(build).Colorfullights

(use).Alloftheflowers

(water).Thenewsletterarticle

(write).Thesnacksforguests

(buy).Thedancingshow

(hold).Thepublicsigns

(make).Theanimals

(feed).wasbuiltwereusedwerewateredwaswrittenwereboughtwasheldweremadewerefed一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用填一填HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?SummaryTask2

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

workedopenedclosed

seentaught

asked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助動(dòng)詞be

+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（V-ed）構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

1.當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,

2.或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+(及物動(dòng)詞的)

過(guò)去分詞

+(by…)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示的是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我們每天都打掃教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我們)打掃。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)判斷：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(A)/主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(B);被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要?jiǎng)澇鰟?dòng)詞部分．1）MillieandAmytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenteryesterday.2）The79-year-oldmanwassavedoutofafirelastyear.3）Thiskindofcakeiscalledmooncake.4）Peopleuseakeyboardtotypeinformationintothecomputer.5）Thewindowsinourclassroomarecleanedonceaweek.BBAAA被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis一般過(guò)去時(shí)Iwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/ItwasRule1主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S（主語(yǔ)）+V（謂語(yǔ)）+O（賓語(yǔ)）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S（主語(yǔ)）+V(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))+byO（賓語(yǔ)）轉(zhuǎn)換步驟1原句的賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)，賓變主.2和原句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，看時(shí)態(tài)。3找出對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，變分詞。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)She謂語(yǔ)(主動(dòng)式)hurt賓語(yǔ)me.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)原賓語(yǔ)(改為主格)I謂語(yǔ)(被動(dòng)式)washurtby原主語(yǔ)(改為賓格)her.move寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞:visitvisitedvisited

movedmovedverb＋ed以e結(jié)尾＋dstudystudiedstudied以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,去y＋ied.clapclappedclapped以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母＋ed敬奉thespecial“by”1.Thepostersarepaintedbythedesigners.2.ThepublicsignsaremadebyJack.3.Thenewsletteriswrittenbyyou.Subject

be+V.(p.p)byPerformer(動(dòng)作實(shí)施者)

+++HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?PracticeTask3areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).AarehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedBAmy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.BDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?DiscussionTask4主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，通常需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)中則用“be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”來(lái)表示。Rule2Weusetheactivevoicewhenitisimportanttoknowwhoperformstheaction.當(dāng)重要的是知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，我們用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Whentousetheactivevoice?

Itisobviouswhoperformstheaction.

動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)是很明顯的。

Theplaneisusedasatrainingcentre.

Whentousethepassivevoice?

Wedonotknowordonotneedtoknowwhoperformstheaction.

我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或不需要知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.Whentousethepassivevoice?

Theactionismoreimportantthanthepersonwhoperformstheaction.

我們強(qiáng)調(diào)是動(dòng)作承受者而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.Whentousethepassivevoice?1、動(dòng)詞(表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征)

+副詞(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashedBC主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義Rule32、不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ),且和句子的主語(yǔ)(或賓語(yǔ))構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…Thefishisnotfit_______(eat)．WefindEnglishishard_______(learn)．Thearticleisdifficult___________(understand).toeattolearntounderstand3、不定式作后置定語(yǔ),與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語(yǔ)(或賓語(yǔ))構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．todotoread4、表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞+adj./n.,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)Thesteelfeelscold．5、

表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．6、

作“需要”講的want/need/require后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義；當(dāng)然也可接不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed．Mycarneeds________(wash)．Thehouserequires_______(repair)washingrepairingHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?語(yǔ)法大闖關(guān)Task5易水寒江雪敬奉火眼金睛Ahotelbuilt.Colorfullightswasused.Alloftheflowerswerewatering.Thenewsletterarticleweren’twritten.Thesnacksforguestswerebuyed.Thedancingshowswasn’theld.Thepublicsignswerenotmake.Theanimalsfed.wasn’twerewateredwasboughtweren’tmadewere??1.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.4.Theyusedthisroomforresting.5.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?中考鏈接Task61.It'ssaid(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge______________（build）twomonthsago．2.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？3.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

5.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

6.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.

7.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.8.Look!Someone__________(dance).

wasbuiltisspokenwerecutaresoldiscleanedsellssmellsisdancing填一填1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned改一改*3.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.4.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used5.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?6.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished7.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.8.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended

mustbe

taken9.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.10.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

is

studiedIs

talked

bythem1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teach