2022屆浙江省杭州地區(qū)含周邊重點中學高三上學期期中考試英語試題解析版

2022屆浙江省杭州地區(qū)〔含周邊〕重點中學高三上學期期中考試英語試題第I卷第一局部：聽力〔共兩節(jié)，總分值30分〕做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)：〔共5小題，每題分，總分值分〕聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來答復有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanneedtodotoday?A.Attendacompetition.B.Reciteacomposition.C.Collectsomematerial.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Itseemsyou’reverybusytoday.W:Yes.Iwanttotakepartinawritingcompetitionnextweek.Ineedtowriteacompositionofabout1,000words.ButbeforewritingIneedtosearchforalotofmaterial.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistheweatherprobablylikenow?A.Hot.B.Cold.C.Warm.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Ted,Iheardyou’reill.Whyareyououtdoorsstandinginthewind?M:Youmusthavehearditwrong.It’smybrotherTimwhohasafever.Iworkoutwhilehedoesn’t,youknow.W:Isee.Butdon’tyouthinkyouweartoolittleonsuchaday?3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhenwillthemanleaveforSweden?A.Today.B.Tomorrow.C.Thedayaftertomorrow.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:SowhenareyougoingtoSweden,tomorroworthedayaftertomorrow?M:Neither.Don’tyouseeI’mpackingnow?Mytrainleavesinjustfivehours.W:Ithoughtyouwerejustgoingtodoyourlaundry.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfinallydecidetogohome?A.Bybus.B.Intheman’scar.C.Inherfather’scar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Oh,no.Imissedthebushome.Itsalreadyhalfpasttennow.Idon’tthinktherewillbeanotherbustocome.M:Don’tworry.Icantakeyouhome.W:Thanks,butwegoindifferentdirections.I’lljustcallmydadtopickmeup.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Asong.C.Analbum.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Henry,itseemsyoureallylovethesongsinWorkbook.M:Yes.OfallthealbumsI’veowned,nonehastaughtmemoreaboutmood,story,lyric,andmelodythanthisone.Itwasmyfavoriteandremainsmyfavorite.第二節(jié)：〔共15小題，每題分，總分值分〕聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，答復以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.Howdidthewomangetthebooks?A.Fromherneighbor.B.Fromherhusband.C.Fromthebookstore.7.Whatdoesthewomanhopetodo?A.WorkforAmazon.B.Earnalotofmoney.C.Writegreatbooks.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Ann,didn’tyousayyouwantedtobuysomenewbookslastweek?W:Yes.Whydidyouask?M:Thebookstoreinourneighborhoodiscelebratingitstenthanniversary.Thereisafortypercentdiscountonallbooks.W:Thanks,butIdon’twanttobuyanynewbooksnow.MyhusbandboughtmemorethantwentybooksonAmazonlastweekend.Theywereathalfprice.Wereallysavedalotofmoney.M:Whydidyoubuysomanybooks?W:Well,inordertowritepopularbooks,Ineedtoreadmorebookstolearnhowtowrite.聽下面一段較長對話，答復以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatdidthemanlackwhenhewasyoung?A.Hisownspace.B.Thefamily’slove.C.Chancestoplaywithsiblings.9.Whatdoesthewomanhave?A.Aneldersister.B.Anelderbrother.C.Ayoungerbrother.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Brown,youhavetwoyoungerbrothersandoneeldersister.Didyoulikegrowingupwithsomanysiblings(兄弟姐妹)?M:WhenIwasyoung.Ididn’tlikeitatall.Ihadnospaceofmyown.W:Youmusthavefacedalotofcompetitioninthefamily.M:You’reabsolutelyright.Aswegrewintoteenagers,ourmutualcompetitivenessdroveustogetgoodgrades.Andallofusendedupgoingtoaverygooduniversity.W:Whatdoyouthinkofhavingsomanysiblingsnow?M:NowIreallyappreciatethis.MykidshavemanycousinsandI’vemanyniecesandnephews.Theybringusgreatjoy.Sodoyouhaveanysiblings?W:Yes.Ihaveabrotherwhoistwoyearsolderthanme.Wegetalongverywell.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerelittle.聽下面一段較長對話，答復以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】10.WhyisAnnaabsentfromschoolthesedays?A.Sheissick.B.ShetravelstoAmerica.C.Shedoesaprojectondepression.11.WhatpercentageoftheUSpopulationbattletheissueofdepression?%.B.5%.C.9%.12.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atschool.B.Athome.C.Atahospital.【答案】10.A11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Richard,doyouknowwhyAnnadidn’tcometoschoolthesedays?M:She’ssufferingdepression.She’sreceivingprofessionalhelpnow.Andshewasadvisedtospendafewdaysathome.W:I’msosorrytohearthat.ButI’mnotsurprised.ItseemedtomethatAnnawasn’thappyatall.Ijustdidn’tknowitwassoserious.M:ButIknewshewassufferingdepression.AndIknowsheisn’talone.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Depressionissomethingmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworldstrugglewithonadailybasis.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,350millionpeoplearoundtheworldsufferfromdepression.InAmericaalone,9percentofthecountrybattlestheissue,with3.4percentsufferingfromamajorcaseofdepression.W:That’sreallyacommonproblem.Idohopepeoplecanfindgoodwaystoovercomedepression.M:Me,too.Oh,myclasswillbeginsoon.Talktoyoulater.Bye.W:Bye.聽下面一段較長對話，答復以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofvisitingartgalleries?A.Costly.B.Worthwhile.C.Disappointing.14.Wheredidthewomangorecently?A.Washington.B.Seoul.C.Paris.15.Howoldisthewomannow?A.22yearsold.B.26yearsold.C.28yearsold.16.Whichartgallerydoesthemanwanttovisitagain?A.Museed’OrsayinParis.B.CentrePompidouinParis.C.theNationalGalleryofArtinWashington.【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Sam,itseemsyoureallylovevisitingartgalleries.M:That’strue.Ithinkartgalleriesprovidetheperfectbackgroundtoadmireandappreciateworksofartbygreatartistsofdifferenterasacrosstheglobe.W:Iagree.Visitinganartgallerycannotonlybefunbutalsoexcitingasyouexperiencethefirst-handlookofmanyamazingmasterpiecesaltogether.M:Sodoyoulikevisitingartgalleries,too?W:Yes.IjustcamebackfromWashingtontheotherday.IvisitedtheNationalGalleryofArtthere.Ithasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofmasterworksintheworld.Sohaveyoualsovisitedit?M:Yes.It’samazingSowhatotherartgallerieshaveyouvisited?W:IvisitedCentrePompidouwhenIwasinParislastyearandtheNationalMuseumofKoreainSeoulwhenIwas22yearsold.Thoughitwas6yearsago,Irememberthatexperienceverywell.M:Didn’tyouvisitMuseed’OrsaywhenyouwereinParis?W:No.Ididn’thavealongstayinthecity.ButIlookforwardtovisitingitnextyear.Ibetyoumusthavevisitedit.M:You’reright.It’soneoftheworld’srichest,greatestandmostexcitingartgalleries.Ican’twaittorevisitit.聽下面一段獨白，答復以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】17WhendoesBlackFridaydatebackto?A.The1950s.B.The1990s.CThe2000s.18.WhatdoesBlackFridayrefertonow?A.Aneventwithinstores.B.Aneventonlyforonlinesales.C.Anonlineandofflineshoppingfestival.19.WhatkindofgoodsisusuallysoldonCyberMonday?A.Smallparts.B.Technologyitems.C.Homedevices.20.HowmuchdidSinglesDayearnlastyear?A.$7.16billion.B.$38.4billion.C.$9.4billion.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.B【解析】【原文】W:Helloeveryone!Welcometoourprogram.So,todayI’lltalkaboutsomebigshoppingeventsandtheirhistory.ThefirstoneisBlackFriday.Thisonedatesbacktothe1950sandfallsontheFridayafterThanksgivingOriginally,itstartedasaneventwithinstores.Butnowit’sanonlineandofflineshoppingfestival.CyberMondayistheMondayafterBlackFriday,andit’sonlyforonlinesales.Itbeganin2005.Nowit’smoresuccessfulthanBlackFriday,earningarecord$9.4billionlastyear.Salestendtobeonexpensivetechnologyitems,likecomputers.We’reallfamiliarwithSinglesDay.Itdatesbacktothe1990sbutdidn’tbecomeashoppingeventuntil2021.Sincethen,it’sbecomethebiggest24-hoursaleseventintheworld.Lastyear,thisshoppingeventearned$38.4billion,beatingoutBlackFridayandCyberMonday.PrimeDayisbasicallytheNorthAmericanversionofDouble11.Itwasstartedin2021.Forshopperslikemethatlovesmallpartsandhomedevices,Primeisagreattime.ButitstillfallsfarbehindSinglesDayandonlyearnedS7.16billionlastyear.第二局部：閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值35分〕第一節(jié)：〔共10小題；每題分，總分值25分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最正確選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AThoughtheTokyoOlympicGamesdrewtoacloseonAugust82021,thepublicisstillwatchingtheathletes.Theiroutfitsandthetechnologiesthathelpedtheminthecompetitionhavearousedpeople’sinterest.SuBingtian,thefirstChinesesprintertoreachanOlympic100mfinal,hasascribedhisbreakthroughtoscientifictraining.“IttakesSu47stepstorun100meters.Eachstepcounts,〞LiangDong,amemberofSu’strainingteam,toldShenzhenEveningNews.“RandyHuntington,Su’sAmericancoachandabiomechanicsexpertintrackandfield,hascollectedalotofdataonoutstandingsprintersandbuiltadatabase.HeputinallofSu’sdataandgotanear-optimalmodel.WhenSuistraining,theteamuseshigh-speedcamerastorecordhistrainingandcomparesitwiththemodeltofindouthisweaknesses.〞Technologyhasalsobroughtanewboosttotabletennis.OnJuly27,thesemifinalmatchbetweenChina’sSunYingshaandJapan’sMimaItowasinfullswingattheTokyoMetropolitanGymnasium.Youwouldn’thaveguessedthatbesidesplayers,refereesandaudiences,apowerfulAIplatformwasmonitoringthematch.Everyserve,swingandmovementofMimaItowascapturedbythisAIcloudplatformdeployedinTokyo.Atanaveragespeedof100Mbps,thedatawastransmittedtothetechnicalteamoftheZhejiangUniversityTableTennisIntelligentBigDataAnalysisPlatform,2,442kilometersawayfromtheTokyoMetropolitanGymnasium,accordingtoThePaper.TheTokyoOlympicGameshaveseennotonlyscientificsupportintraining,butmanyhigh-endtechnologiesinathletes’devices.Forexample,theKenyawomen’svolleyballteam’sGPSdevicesfeddataoneachplayer’sstrength,heartrateandsoontocoaches,whousedtheinformationtopreventinjuryandpersonalizetrainingplansforeachindividual,SouthChinaMorningPostreported.21.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ascribed〞inParagraph2?A.attachedB.owedC.adaptedD.devoted22.WhicheventintheTokyoOlympicsisn’tmentionedinthepassage?A.Tabletennis.BSprint.C.Women’svolleyball.D.Archery.23.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.EnhancingSportswithTechnologyB.AreportabouttheTokyoOlympicGamesC.AnAlplatformmonitoringtheTokyoGamesD.DevicesandTrainingDetermineAthletes’Competition【答案】21.B22.D23.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了高科技的開展與應用給運動裝備及競技方式帶來的革新，從而促進了運發(fā)動訓練技巧，比賽成績等方面的進步?！驹斀狻?.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Theiroutfitsandthetechnologiesthathelpedtheminthecompetitionhavearousedpeople’sinterest.〞〔幫助他們提升競技水平的裝備和科技已經(jīng)引起了人們的注意?！晨芍萍嫉拈_展促進了運發(fā)動的成績提升。第二段開頭以蘇炳添為例，說明科技對運發(fā)動成績提升的促進。所以，此處“ascribedhisbreakthroughtoscientifictraining〞〔把突破歸功于科學訓練〕中“ascribe〞意為“歸因于〞，應選B項。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“SuBingtian,thefirstChinesesprintertoreachanOlympic100mfinal,hasascribedhisbreakthroughtoscientifictraining.〞〔中國第一位進入奧運百米大賽的田徑運發(fā)動蘇炳添就把突破歸因于科學的鍛煉〕；第三段“Technologyhasalsobroughtanewboosttotabletennis.〞〔科技也給網(wǎng)球運動帶來了促進。〕以及第五段“theKenyawomen’svolleyballteam’sGPSdevicesfeddataoneachplayer’sstrength,heartrateandsoontocoaches〞〔肯尼亞女子排球隊的GPS設備能把有關運發(fā)動的力量、心率等數(shù)據(jù)傳送給教練〕，可知本文以“Tabletennis〞，“Sprint〞和“Women’svolleyball〞為例，說明了科技開展為體育運動帶來的促進作用。應選D項。3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theiroutfitsandthetechnologiesthathelpedtheminthecompetitionhavearousedpeople’sinterest.〞〔幫助他們提升競技水平的裝備和科技已經(jīng)引起了人們的注意?！骋约昂笪耐ㄟ^三項運動賽事田徑、網(wǎng)球和女子排球的例子說明了科技對體育運動的促進作用。A項“EnhancingSportswithTechnology〞〔科技提升運動〕符合此意。應選A項。【點睛】說明文的文章結構一般是總分結構，主旨大意在第一段，然后用例如或數(shù)據(jù)等來對主旨進行詳細闡述及說明。所以，抓住第一段段落大意就能準確理解整篇文章及判斷標題。例如本文第三題，需要考生找出文章的最正確標題。即可利用詞方法，文章第一段中最后一句話“Theiroutfitsandthetechnologiesthathelpedtheminthecompetitionhavearousedpeople’sinterest.〞〔幫助他們提升運動成績的裝備和科技引起了人們的興趣〕即說明了本文會圍繞科技與運動展開說明。故第三小題選擇A項“EnhancingSportswithTechnology〞〔科技提升運動〕最為適宜。BParentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,‘Hey,thenewMaroon5albumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?’〞saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.〞Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.Conversationsonsubjectssuchassexanddrugswouldnothavetakenplaceagenerationago.Nowtheyarecomfortableandcommon.Andparent-childactivities,fromshoppingtosports,involveafeelingofmutualtrustandfriendshipthatcancontinueintoadulthood.Butfamilyexpertswarnthatthenewequalitycanalsoresultinlessrespectforparents.“There’sstillalotofstrictnessandauthorityonthepartofparentsoutthere,butthereisachangehappening,〞saysKerrie,apsychologyprofessoratLebanonValleyCollege.“Inthemiddleofthatchange,thereisalotofconfusionamongparents.〞Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocratic(民主的)processthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.“Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttoday’sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe‘a(chǎn)fter’side.〞explainsMr.Ballmer.“It’snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.〞24.Whichofthefollowingindicatesthatthegenerationgapisdisappearing?A.Parentssharemoreinterestswiththeirchildren.B.Parentsandchildrentalkmoreaboutsexanddrugs.C.Parentsandchildrengetinvolvedinthesameactivities.D.Parentsbelieveintheirchildren’sabilitiesmorethanbefore.25.Whatisthechangeintoday’sparent-childrelationship?A.Moreconfusionamongparents.B.Lessgratitudetoparentsfromchildren.C.Newequalitybetweenparentsandchildren.D.Morestrictnessandexpectationsofparents.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeanaccordingtotheauthor?A.Today’sparentscansetalimittothechange.B.Today’sparentsfollowthetrendofthechange.C.Today’sparentsdon’ttakethechangeseriously.D.Today’sparentscanhardlyadjusttothechange.27.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Adescriptionofdifficultiestoday’sparentsmeetwith.B.Predictionsoftheparent-childrelationshipinthefuture.C.Suggestionsonhowtohandletheparent-childrelationship.D.Adiscussiononthedevelopmentoftheparent-childrelationship.【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了父母與孩子之間關系在現(xiàn)在與過去的變化與開展?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.(音樂并不是唯一的鴻溝。從服裝、發(fā)型到活動和期望，早期的父母和孩子似乎在不同的軌道上運行)〞可推斷，如今代溝的消失表達在父母與孩子有著更多相同的興趣愛好。應選A項。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Butfamilyexpertswarnthatthenewequalitycanalsoresultinlessrespectforparents.(但家庭專家警告說，這種新的平衡也會導致人們對父母的尊重減少)〞可知，如今親子關系之間出現(xiàn)的變化是父母與孩子之間新的平衡。應選C項?！?6題詳解】句意猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句“Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttoday’sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe‘a(chǎn)fter’side.(我的父母站在變革的‘前’一邊，而如今40多歲的父母那么站在變革的‘后’一邊)〞及劃線句后句“It’snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.(這對現(xiàn)在的父母來說不是一件容易的事，因為生活更難理解或處理，但分享興趣確實讓為人父母變得更有趣)〞可猜測，如今的父母可以跟上變化的趨勢，能夠應時代的變化而采取一種和孩子交流的方式。應選B項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttoday’sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe‘a(chǎn)fter’side.’explainsMr.Ballmer.(鮑爾默解釋說：“我的父母站在變革的‘前’一邊，而如今40多歲的父母那么站在變革的‘后’一邊)〞及全文可知，文章主要是關于對父母與孩子之間關系的開展的討論。應選D項。CLosingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia〔癡呆癥〕increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedn’tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50,it’squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon’trememberevenseeingit,that’sfarmoreconcerning,Daffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperiences,hesays,that’s“aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved.〞Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveoven,orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou’vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.Buteventhen,Daffnersays,peopleshouldn’tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss,includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleep,highbloodpressure,ordepression,aswellasmedicationslikeantidepressants.Youdon’thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenceagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain’scognitive〔認知的〕reserve,Daffnersays.“Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways,〞hesays.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive,becauseexerciseisaknownbrainpromotion.28.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedn’tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslips?A.Allofthemarejustage-related.B.Theyexistamongfifty-year-olds.C.Notallofthemaresymptomsofdementia.D.Theyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.29.Whathappensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassage?A.Ourinteractionskillsworsen.B.Ourwholebrainstartsshrinking.C.Mostpartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.D.Communicationwithinourbrainweakens.30.WhatisDr.Daffner’sadviceforfightingagainstmemoryloss?A.Havingregularphysicalcheckups.B.Turningtoaprofessionalforassistance.C.Stayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.D.Takingmedicinethathelpspromoteone’sbrain.【答案】28.C29.D30.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了年老失憶和癡呆的區(qū)別，并且提出如何對抗失憶的建議。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.〞〔癡呆癥的跡象和與年齡有關的記憶喪失之間有相當明顯的區(qū)別〕和第二段“Afterage50,it’squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBoston.〞〔波士頓布里格姆婦女醫(yī)院的柯克·達夫納醫(yī)生說，50歲以后，很難快速記住人名、地名和事物的名字是很常見的〕可知，并不是所有的失憶都是癡呆癥的病癥，所以不用太擔憂，應選C。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.〞〔某些部位會萎縮，尤其是大腦中對學習、記憶和方案很重要的區(qū)域。腦細胞的變化會影響大腦不同區(qū)域之間的溝通。隨著血管變窄，血液流動會減少〕可知，當我們變老時，我們大腦內部的交流能力減弱，應選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways,〞hesays.〞〔他說:“讀書、看電影、培養(yǎng)新的愛好或參加新的活動，這些都會迫使你以新穎的方式思考。〞〕可知，達芙納醫(yī)生對對抗失憶的建議是在身體和精神上都保持活潑，應選C?！军c睛】第二節(jié)：〔共5小題；每題2分，總分值10分〕根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Shynessisnormalanditisnotconsideredasamentalproblem.Allpeoplehavebeenshyatonetimeoranother.Eventhemostconfidentpeopleexperiencedbeingshy.____31____.Youprobablyarewonderingwhyyouareshy.Itmaybebecauseoftheenvironmentyouwereusedtoorthewayyouwerebroughtup.Certaineventsorincidentsinthepastmayalsoleadtothereasonwhyyouareshynow.____32____Mostshypeoplehaveshyparentsandrelativesanditisnotsurprisingtofindoutthattheytoohavebecomeshypersons.Oneofthenegativesidesofbeingshyishavingthetendencytobepassive.Mostofthetimeshypeoplecan’tstandupforthemselvesandwhattheybelieveisright.____33____Thisapparentlyinfluencestheirsociallifeaswellaswork,familyandotheraspectsoftheirlife.Whileshynesshasnegativeaspects,ithaspositivesides.Shypeopleareusuallygoodobserversanddonotgetthemselvesintotoomuchtroublebecausetheytrytoobservetheirenvironmentoranysituationbeforetheyact.____34____Theycanalsomakegreatfriends.Sincetheyhavedifficultiesinsocialscenes,makingfriendsseemstobeamust.Therefore,theyvaluetheirfriendswholeheartedlyandhaveproventobeloyalandthoughtfulfriends.____35____Someofthembornwithshyparentshavesuccessfullybattledagainstbeingshy.Thiscontributestotheirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteemandtryingtobeexposedtonewenvironments.A.Butinmostcases,shynessprovestobegenetic.B.Theyaresensitiveandaccustomedtogettingsuspicious.C.Becausesomepeopleareborntobeshy,theyletitgohang.D.Soifyou’refeelingshy,don’tworrybecauseyouarenotalone.E.Theyarenothot-headedandthinktwicebeforemakinganydecisions.F.Althoughshynessissomethingfrombirth,itcanbeimprovedovertime.G.Theyavoidcrowdsbynatureandstayawayfromgroupsandsocialinteractions.【答案】31.D32.A33.G34.E35.F【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章分析了人們會害羞的原因、介紹了害羞的弊端和益處以及害羞是可以慢慢克服的這一事實?！?1題詳解】第一段是全文的開篇，前三句話“Shynessisnormalanditisnotconsideredasamentalproblem.Allpeoplehavebeenshyatonetimeoranother.Eventhemostconfidentpeopleexperiencedbeingshy.(害羞是正常的，它不被認為是一種精神問題。所有的人都曾有過害羞的時候。即使是最自信的人也會感到害羞)〞講到害羞是正?，F(xiàn)象，所有人，包括最自信的人，都曾害羞過，D項“Soifyou’refeelingshy,don’tworrybecauseyouarenotalone.(所以，如果你感到害羞，不要擔憂，因為你不是一個人)〞是本段的結論，正因為人人都會害羞，所以不用擔憂，與上文構成因果關系。應選D項?！?2題詳解】上文“Itmaybebecauseoftheenvironmentyouwereusedtoorthewayyouwerebroughtup.Certaineventsorincidentsinthepastmayalsoleadtothereasonwhyyouareshynow.(這可能是因為你所習慣的環(huán)境或者你被撫養(yǎng)長大的方式。過去的某些事情或事件也可能是導致你現(xiàn)在害羞的原因)〞講感到害羞可能與成長環(huán)境和特定事件等外部因素有關，而下文“Mostshypeoplehaveshyparentsandrelativesanditisnotsurprisingtofindoutthattheytoohavebecomeshypersons.(大多數(shù)害羞的人都有害羞的父母和親戚，所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)他們也成了害羞的人)〞講害羞可能來自父母親戚的遺傳、基因，是內部因素，上下文之間有轉折比照關系，A項“Butinmostcases,shynessprovestobegenetic.(但在大多數(shù)情況下，害羞是遺傳的)〞起到承上啟下的作用。應選A項?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thisapparentlyinfluencestheirsociallifeaswellaswork,familyandotheraspectsoftheirlife.(這顯然影響了他們的社會生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面)〞中指示代詞this可知，上文中應出現(xiàn)其指代內容，而且該內容會影響到人們的社會生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面，G項“Theyavoidcrowdsbynatureandstayawayfromgroupsandsocialinteractions.(他們天生避開人群，遠離群體和社會交往)〞中所描述害羞的人會“避開人群，遠離群體和社會交往〞這一行為，會對人們的方方面面造成極大的影響，正是下文代詞this指代的對象，與下文構成邏輯上的順承關系。應選G項。【34題詳解】根據(jù)段首中心句“Whileshynesshasnegativeaspects,ithaspositivesides.(雖然害羞有消極的方面，但它也有積極的方面)〞可知，本段主要介紹“害羞〞的積極意義，E項“Theyarenothot-headedandthinktwicebeforemakinganydecisions.(他們不會頭腦發(fā)熱，在做任何決定之前都會再三考慮)〞講害羞的人做事情會深思熟慮，這是對中心句中“positivesides〞的舉例說明，同時，與其上文和下文構成并列關系，都是對中心句的舉例說明。應選E項?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Someofthembornwithshyparentshavesuccessfullybattledagainstbeingshy.Thiscontributestotheirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteemandtryingtobeexposedtonewenvironments.(一些人出生時父母就很害羞，但他們成功地戰(zhàn)勝了害羞。這有助于他們不斷自我完善，開展自尊，嘗試接觸新環(huán)境)〞可知，本段主要講了害羞是可以戰(zhàn)勝，F(xiàn)項“Althoughshynessissomethingfrombirth,itcanbeimprovedovertime.(雖然害羞是與生俱來的，但它可以隨著時間的推移而改善)〞講害羞可以改善，作為段首中心句，是對全段內容的準確概括，且句中“itcanbeimproved〞與下文“theirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteem〞相照應。應選F項。第三局部：語言運用〔共兩節(jié)，總分值45分〕第一節(jié)：完形填空〔共20小題：每題分，總分值30分〕閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。JinghongisacityinSouthwestChina’sYunnanProvince.Thecitywillsoonopenafoodsource____36____especiallydevelopedforAsianelephants,inanefforttoreduce____37____betweenhumansandtheanimal.Theproject.withinvestmentof1millionyuan($154,686),____38____inDecemberandwascompletedinMay.Thebase,which____39____threetownshipsacross67hectares,hasgrownsomeoftheelephants’favorite____40____、including38.000musabasjootrees,aspeciesofbanana.Constructionworkersalsobuiltseveralpondsand____41____2metrictonsofsalttomeettheelephants’mineral____42____.“TheprojectismeanttoimprovethequalityofAsianelephants’habitat,enrichtheirfoodsourcesandprovidethemwithmoreto____43____〞saidChaWei,anofficialfromthebureau,“Afterthe____44____oftheproject,elephantswillbeabletoeatinthefoodsourcebase,whichcanstopthemfromforaging〔覓食〕in____45____anddamagingfarmers’crops.〞Obviously,theincreasingnumberofAsianelephantsiscloselylinkedtothegrowingawarenessofpeopletoprotect____46____Chaexplainedthatelephantsarevery____47____andunderstandingofeachother.Whentheirpopulationreachesacertainnumber,aherdwill____48____toreducecrowdingand____49____interbreeding〔異種交配〕.“Theelephants’trek〔長途跋涉〕earlierthisyearalso____50____therisingnumberofherds〞Chasaid,____51____aherdof15elephantsthat____52____theirhabitatinXishuangbannaandstartedmigrating〔遷徙〕northinMarchlastyear,withtheir____53____attractingglobalattention.____54____ongoingwildlifeprotectionefforts,thenumberofwildAsianelephantsintheprovincehasincreasedfrom170in1980to300today.Jinghongishometoabout185elephants,andtheirhabitat____55____intoabout350,000hectares.36.A.project B.base C.factory D.company37.A.contact B.barriers C.conflicts D.cooperation38.A.kickingoff B.takingup C.settingout D.puttingoff39.A.witnesses B.costs C.benefits D.covers40.A.flowers B.vegetables C.plants D.fruits41.A.reduced B.added C.raised D.brought42.A.needs B.preferences C.wishes D.habits43.A.learn B.play C.sleep D.catch44.A.completion B.start C.launch D.point45.A.cities B.towns C.villages D.counties46.A.