Unit 4【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（解析版）

第頁(yè)Unit4NumbersNumbers話題數(shù)字詞匯ancient，times，nearly，invent，calculate，electronic，add，subtract，multiply，divide，percentage，powerful，against，living，amazing，instruction短語(yǔ)句型decimalnumber小數(shù)apairofoddnumbers一對(duì)奇數(shù)atleast至少internationallanguage國(guó)際語(yǔ)言inancienttimes在古代inmanydifferentways用很多不同的方法intens以十為計(jì)；十進(jìn)制consistof由…組成；由…構(gòu)成calculatingmachines計(jì)算器so…that…如此…以致于…inaflash一瞬間doacalculation計(jì)算inone’swholelifetime終身livingcomputer活電腦anamazingbrain驚人的頭腦solvetheproblem解決問(wèn)題findtheanswer得出答案(be)madeupof由…組成語(yǔ)法Numerals（數(shù)詞）考點(diǎn)1.ancientadj.veryold;fromatimelongago很久以前的；古老的，古代的【例題】e.g.TheancientChineseworedifferentclothesfromthemodernChinese.中國(guó)古人與現(xiàn)代人穿的衣服完全不同。IfeelprettyancientwhenIseehowtheyoungergenerationbehaves.看到年輕一代的行為舉止，我覺(jué)得我太老了?！就卣埂俊痉戳x】modernadj．現(xiàn)代的；現(xiàn)代化的考點(diǎn)2.times時(shí)代；時(shí)期【例題】e.g.InShakespeare'stimes,notmanypeoplecouldread．在莎士比亞時(shí)代，沒(méi)有多少人認(rèn)識(shí)字?！就卣埂俊窘x】agen.時(shí)代考點(diǎn)3.nearly幾乎，差不多【例句】e.g.I'mnearly16–it’smybirthdaynextweek.我就快16歲了，下個(gè)禮拜是我生日?！就卣埂俊局更c(diǎn)迷津：almost,nearly】?jī)稍~意思均為“幾乎，將近，差不多”，當(dāng)與動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞及名詞連用時(shí)，意義相近，可互換。e.g.It'snearlysuppertime.=It'salmostsuppertime.快開(kāi)晚飯了。almost可與no，none，never以及nothing等不定代詞連用，而nearly則不可；nearly常用在含有not的否定句中，而almost則不可與not單獨(dú)連用。e.g.There’salmostnowaterleftinthebottle.瓶子里水快沒(méi)了。Itisnotnearlysoprettyasitwasbefore.這兒遠(yuǎn)不及以前漂亮了?？键c(diǎn)4.inventv.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造【例句】e.g.Whoinventedtheplane?誰(shuí)發(fā)明了飛機(jī)？ThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclight.托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了電燈?！就卣埂縤nventorn.發(fā)明者；發(fā)明家inventionn.發(fā)明，發(fā)明物TomasEdisonwasoneofthegreatestinventorswhoinventedalotofthingsinhislife.托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生是一生中發(fā)明了許多東西的偉大發(fā)明家之一。His6,000inventionsincludedtheelectriclightbulb,thephonograph,andthemimeographmachine.他的六千項(xiàng)發(fā)明中，包括電燈泡、留聲機(jī)和油印機(jī)。考點(diǎn)5.calculate計(jì)算【例句】e.g.Canyoucalculatehowmuchaholidaywillcost?你能否計(jì)算一下度個(gè)假要花多少錢？【拓展】calculatorn.電子計(jì)算器e.g.Acalculatorisacalculatingmachinewhichhelpspeopletocalculatefasterandmoreaccurately.計(jì)算器是一種幫助人們用來(lái)更加快速、準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算的機(jī)器?？键c(diǎn)6.electronic電子的【拓展】e.g.electronictypewriter電子打字機(jī)electronicwatch電子表electronicmusic電子音樂(lè)Don'tuseanelectronicdictionaryinyourEnglishstudy.在你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不要使用電子詞典?？键c(diǎn)7.add加【例句】Ifyouadd4to5,youget9.四加五得九。Addupthesefigures,please.請(qǐng)把這些數(shù)字加起來(lái)?！居亚樘崾尽吭谶M(jìn)行加法的描述時(shí)，我們常常說(shuō)4plus3equals/is7，但千萬(wàn)不可用add去代替plus,add是個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而plus是個(gè)介詞。subtract減【例句】Ifyousubtract3from8,youget5.八減去三就得五?！居亚樘崾尽课覀兺瑯右膊荒苡胹ubtract去代替minus。上面這句話我們換種方式說(shuō)就是8minus3equals/ismultiply乘【例句】6multipliedby5is30.6乘5等于30。Ifyoumultiply6by5,youget30.你用5去乘6，得到30。divide除；除盡【例句】30dividedby6is5.30除以6等于5。Ifyoudivide30by6,youget5.如果你把30除以6，就得到5。Threewillnotdivideintoeleven.3除不盡11。考點(diǎn)8.living活著的【例句】Somepeoplesayheisthegreatestlivingwriter.有人說(shuō)他是健在的最偉大作家?！就卣埂俊局更c(diǎn)迷津alive,live和living】(1)通常情況下，alive作表語(yǔ)(bealive)，而living一般放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)用。e.g.Thatgreatmanisstillalive.那個(gè)偉人依然活著。alllivingthings一切生物L(fēng)atinisnotalivinglanguage。拉丁語(yǔ)不是現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言。(2)live也是“有生命的，活著的”之意，但往往指動(dòng)物。e.g.alivefish一條活魚(yú)此外live還有“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播”的意思。e.g.aliveshow現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的節(jié)目。考點(diǎn)9.amazing令人驚奇的【例句】Whatanamazingembroidery!多么了不起的一幅刺繡作品！It'samazingthatyoucan'trideabike．你不會(huì)騎車可真令人驚訝?！就卣埂縜mazev.使吃驚amazedadj.吃驚的，驚奇的e.g.JackamazedeveryonebypassingtheEnglishexam.杰克通過(guò)英語(yǔ)考試使我們每個(gè)人感到驚訝。Wewereamazedbyhischangeinhisstudy.我們?yōu)樗趯W(xué)習(xí)中的變化而感到吃驚。【友情提示】amaze的形容詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是amazed，一個(gè)是amazing，但用法不同，通常人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用amazed，物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用amazing。e.g.Itisanamazinggame.這真是一場(chǎng)令人驚奇的比賽。Iamamazedbyhiswords.我對(duì)他的話感到吃驚。語(yǔ)法精講——數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞備注onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvefirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetythirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenthtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetieth基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣序數(shù)詞不難記，基數(shù)詞后加上th.遇到ty結(jié)尾詞，y先變i再加e.8少t，9少e.面目全非三二一，ve結(jié)尾五/十二。換成f須仔細(xì)。若是碰到幾十幾，只將個(gè)位改為序。注意：基數(shù)詞主要表示數(shù)量。十位和個(gè)位之間須用連字符號(hào)，百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間要用and。如：31-thirty-one序數(shù)詞主要表示順序，前面常用定冠詞。注意第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二等。第21-29，31-……91-99的序數(shù)詞形式，只變個(gè)位數(shù)，而十位數(shù)則用基數(shù)詞，若是多位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞，只需將末位數(shù)字變成序數(shù)詞，前面的數(shù)詞不變，當(dāng)序數(shù)詞用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示時(shí)，必須在該數(shù)字之后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母。如：第31-thirty-first.百以上的序數(shù)詞表示方法；hundred-hundredth,thousand-thousandth.千以上的數(shù)字讀法：從后面往前每三位數(shù)字作為一個(gè)單位，用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。第一個(gè)逗號(hào)讀作thousand,第二個(gè)“，”讀作million。另外，“萬(wàn)”用tenthousand,“十萬(wàn)”用ahundredthousand表示，billion在美國(guó)為十億，英國(guó)的十億是onethousandmillion。二：年份&日期&時(shí)刻&編號(hào)的表示法類別說(shuō)明例詞讀法年份表示在某年用介詞in+數(shù)字，讀時(shí)每?jī)蓚€(gè)數(shù)字為一組以區(qū)別于整數(shù)。in1987in1056in2000innineteeneighty-sevenintenfifty-sixintwothousand月份表示在某月用in+月份，月份的首字母要大寫(xiě)，其縮寫(xiě)形式為這個(gè)詞的前三個(gè)字母。inApril(Apr.)inMarch(Mar.)日期其順序是：月日（年），月年。有日時(shí)用介詞on，無(wú)日則用in,在月（日）與年之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。theyear776BC(公元前776年）onJanuary16inMay,2010onJuly1,1921onJanuarythesixteenthinMay,twentytenonJulythefirst,nineteentwenty-one年代世紀(jì)表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時(shí)，用十的倍數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其前用in，且年代前用the。inthe1990sinhisfiftiesinthenineteennineties幾點(diǎn)鐘“在幾點(diǎn)”用介詞at+數(shù)字，o’clock可省略，如區(qū)分上下午，可在時(shí)間后加a.m.或p.m.at10:30at4p.m.atteno’clockatfourp.m.幾點(diǎn)幾分正讀法：先讀小時(shí)，再讀分鐘，倒讀法：前半小時(shí)為‘分鐘數(shù)+past+點(diǎn)鐘數(shù)’，30分鐘用half，15分鐘用aquarter，后半小時(shí)為‘60-分鐘數(shù)+to+未來(lái)的點(diǎn)鐘數(shù)’at2:40at6:05at12:45attwothirty/halfpasttwoatsixfive/fivepastsixattwelveforty-five/aquartertoone編號(hào)一般編碼用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示，強(qiáng)調(diào)“編號(hào)”，用“序數(shù)詞+名詞”著重“順序”。其讀法為“見(jiàn)幾讀幾”，連續(xù)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的數(shù)可用double，零可用0或zero。郵政編碼：510640Room502Class2,Grade5Part5BusNo.16Roomfive0twoClasstwo,GradefivePartFiveBusnumbersixteen特殊數(shù)字的表示及讀法舉例/分類規(guī)則例詞讀法小數(shù)小數(shù)以基數(shù)詞加熊啊書(shū)店表示，點(diǎn)讀point，其前按數(shù)詞規(guī)則讀，其后的數(shù)一個(gè)個(gè)地讀。0.35.61zero/naughtpointthreefivepointsixone分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成，分子大于1時(shí)，分母序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)1/21/43/43/202a/onehalfa/onequarter,one-fourththree-fourths/three-quartersthree-twentiethstwoandfour-fifths百分?jǐn)?shù)%讀percent,百分?jǐn)?shù)還可分開(kāi)寫(xiě)percent.45%forty-fivepercent大約數(shù)“正好”用exactly,clearly,precisely,大約用“about,nearly,some,towards,moreorless+數(shù)字”或less放在后面，還可用somethinglike,intheneighborhoodof,aday/week/month/yearortwo,“總共”用inall,total.大約1000人大約1小時(shí)50以上不到3010天左右40上下大約100畝地about/almost1000peopleabout/almostanhourmorethan/over/above50lessthan/under/below30sometendays/tendaysorsofortymoreorless/aboutfortyintheneighborhoodofahundredacresofland倍數(shù)一倍once,兩倍twice,三倍threetimesA比B大（高，長(zhǎng)，寬）6倍增加了2倍=增至3倍=為Aissixtimesbigger/higher/broader/longer/widerthanB.=Aissixtimesasbig/highasB.CisthreetimeslessthanD.一些數(shù)學(xué)公式的表示法A+B=?A-B=?A×B=?A÷B=?3+6=99-3=63×9=279÷3=3A>BA<BA≠BA≈BHowmuchisAplusB?HowmuchisAminusB?HowmuchisAtimesB?HowmuchisAdividedbyB?3plus/and6is9.9minus3is6.3from9is6.Threetimesnineistwenty-seven.Ninedividedbythreeisthree.AismorethanB.AislessthanB.AisnotequaltoB.AapproximatelyequalsB.注意一些數(shù)詞習(xí)慣表達(dá)：tentoone十有八九sixesandsevens亂七八糟twosandthrees三三兩兩aone-eyedcat獨(dú)眼貓atwo-dayholiday連天的假期athree-legedchair三條腿的椅子比例表示法：Oneineightjoinedtheclub.八分之一的人參加了這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部。Oneinahundredsurvivedtheearthquake.百分之一的人在這次地震中活了下來(lái)。數(shù)詞的其他用法1.數(shù)量增加的表示及譯法increase(rise,grow,goup...)表示數(shù)量的增加increase(rise...)3times增加2倍increase(rise...)by15%增長(zhǎng)15%6timesasmuchas...6倍那么多，多5倍halfaslongas...一般那么長(zhǎng)30percentasheavyas...百分之三十那么重onefourthasgreatas...四分之一那么大2.數(shù)量減少的表示及譯法reduceto15%降到15%，減少85%reduceby20%減少20%fall/dropby10%下降10%fifteenpercentdiscount八五折thirtypercentdiscount七折3.年齡的表示法1）他8歲。Heiseightyearsold./Heisaneight-year-oldboy.2)大概年齡表示法：他父親60多歲去世的。A.Hisfatherdiedinhissixties.B.Sheisstillinherfifties.她才50多歲。C.Heisinhisearlythirties.他30歲出頭。D.Sheisabout/aroundforty.她40歲左右。E.Heiscloseto70.他快70歲了。F.Sheisalmost80.她差不多80了。十幾歲（從13-19歲）的說(shuō)法：inhisteens十幾歲inhisearlyteens十三四歲“不滿歲”的表示法：Heisjustundertwenty.他還不到20歲Mymotheristwoyearsoffsixty.再過(guò)兩年我媽就60歲了。Heisgoingoneightyyearsold.他年近80歲。Shewillbe18yearsoldnextweek.下周她就18歲了。年歲的其他表示法：成年beofage,未成年beunderage,年邁befarinyears已到上學(xué)年齡beofschoolage,超齡beoverage使用英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞和阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字注意事項(xiàng)使用數(shù)字時(shí)，應(yīng)該遵循以下原則：A.10以下的數(shù)用英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞，100以上的數(shù)用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。B.10-100之間的數(shù)用英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞或阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字均可。根據(jù)音標(biāo)寫(xiě)單詞8AU4Vocabulary（牛津）單詞音標(biāo)詞性中文[d?'va?d]v.除以[d?'gri?]n.度數(shù)[?'spe?(?)l?]adv.非常['k?lkj?le?t]v.計(jì)算[bre?n]n.腦[pɑ?t]n.部分['l??gw?d?]n.預(yù)言['n??l?]adv.幾乎['s?st?m]n.系統(tǒng)[?n'vent]v.發(fā)明[d?'vel?p]v.發(fā)展[?n'ven?(?)n]n.發(fā)明['?b?k?s]n.算盤(pán)['?kj?r?t]a.正確的[??lek?tr?n?k]a.電子的['k?lkj?le?t?]n.計(jì)算器[s?b'tr?kt]v.減去['m?lt?pla?]v.乘以[p?'sent?d?]n.百分率['pa??f?l]a.強(qiáng)有力的[k?lkj?'le??(?)n]n.計(jì)算[h??l]a.整體的['la?fta?m]n.一生[?'genst]a.與…相比['l?v??]a.活著的['hju?m?n]a.人的['f?l????]a.下列的[?'me?z??]a.令人驚奇的[s?lv]v.解決['la?tn??]n.閃電['pr??gr?m]n.編寫(xiě)程序['pa??]n.能量[k?m'pli?t]v.使完整[t?ek]v.檢查【答案】divide degree especially calculate brain part language nearlysystem invent develop invention abacus accurate electronic calculatorsubtract multiply percentage powerful calculation whole lifetimeagainst living human following amazing solve lightning programpower complete check詞匯語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)（1）8AU4詞性轉(zhuǎn)換整理1v.計(jì)算n.計(jì)算機(jī)n.計(jì)算adj.計(jì)算的【答案】calculate calculator calculation calculating2n.部分adv.部分地【答案】part partly3v.發(fā)明n.發(fā)明家n.發(fā)明物【答案】invent inventor invention4v.發(fā)展，壯大adj.發(fā)達(dá)的adj.發(fā)展中n.發(fā)展【答案】develop developed developing development6n.能量adj.有能量的【答案】power powerful7adj.活著的adj.活的v.住n.生活【答案】living alive live life8v.跟著的adj.下列的【答案】follow following10v./adj.完成，完整的adv.完整地【答案】complete completely（2）8AU4課內(nèi)知識(shí)點(diǎn)根據(jù)中文翻譯英文。1. divide v. 除以E.g. 1) 15___________by5is3.15除以5等于3.Ifyou____________15by3,youget5.如果你把15除以3就得到5.【答案】1)divided 2)divide2. degree n. 度數(shù)E.g. 1) Waterfreezesat__________________Celsius.水在零攝氏度結(jié)冰。Arightangleis90___________.直角為90度角。Mybrotherhasgotadoctor’s___________.我哥哥擁有博士學(xué)位?！敬鸢浮?)zerodegrees 2)degrees 3)degreeespecially adv. 十分，非常E.g. 1) Hehasbeen__________busythisweek.他這星期特別忙。Ilikethecountry,__________inspring.我喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，尤其在春天?！敬鸢浮?)especially 2)especiallynearly adv. 幾乎，差不多E.g. 1) I’m__________16,it’smybirthdaynextFriday.我快16歲了，下周五就是我的生日。It’s_________lunchtime.=It’s__________lunchtime.快到吃午飯的時(shí)間了。Thereis____________________waterleftinthebottle.瓶子里快沒(méi)水了。4) Itis___________________soprettyasitwasbefore.它遠(yuǎn)不及以前漂亮了?！敬鸢浮?)nearly 2)nearly,almost 3)almostno 4)notnearly5. system n. 系統(tǒng)E.g. 1) Ipreferthis__________ofteachingEnglish.我更喜歡這一套英語(yǔ)教學(xué)體系。Theyaredevisingaroad___________.他們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)道路系統(tǒng)。【答案】1)system 2)system6. develop v. 發(fā)展，壯大E.g. 1) Somechildren__________moreslowlythanothers.有的兒童比其他兒童發(fā)育得慢。Columbus____________thenewland,NorthAmerica.哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了北美新大陸。TheancientChinesepeople__________thecompass.古代中國(guó)人發(fā)明了指南針。TheIndians__________thenumber‘0’,and__________the1to9numbersystem.印度人發(fā)明了數(shù)字0，從而發(fā)展了1至9這個(gè)數(shù)字系統(tǒng)?！敬鸢浮?)develop 2)discovered 3)invented 4)invented,developed7. powerful adj. 強(qiáng)有力的E.g. 1) Thecarhasavery__________engine.這部車有一個(gè)強(qiáng)勁的引擎。2) Thepresidentisvery___________.總統(tǒng)享有很大的權(quán)力。【答案】1)powerful 2)powerful8. whole adj. 整體的，全部的E.g. 1) Sheate_______________________cake.她一個(gè)人吃了整個(gè)蛋糕。WearegoingtostayinSpainfora___________month.我們打算去西班牙呆一個(gè)月。Theplayisverygood______________________________.這部戲劇整體上看很不錯(cuò)。Theweatherthismonthhasbeengood___________________________.這個(gè)月的天氣總體上是好的。【答案】1)thewhole 2)whole 3)asawhole 4)onthewhole9. against prep. 與……相比E.g. 1) Youmustweighthebenefits_________thecost.你一定要權(quán)衡利益與成本。2) Theyplayedafootballmatch_________ateamfromanothervillage.他們跟另一個(gè)村的足球隊(duì)比賽。3) Manypeopleare__________theplan.很多人都反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Haveyouhadaninjection_________thedisease?你注射過(guò)這種疾病的預(yù)防針了嗎？Putthecupboard__________thewall.把這個(gè)壁櫥挨著墻擺放。【答案】1)against 2)against 3)against 4)against 5)against10. living adj. 活著的E.g. 1) Somepeoplesayheisthegreatest_________writer.有人說(shuō)他是健在的最偉大的作家。2) Thatgreatmanisstill___________.那個(gè)偉人依然健在。3) Allthe__________thingsneedairandwater.所有的生物都需要空氣和水?！敬鸢浮?)living 2)alive 3)living11. human adj. 人類E.g. 1) Thefirecausedaterriblelossof__________life.這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)奪走了許多人的生命。A__________skeletonwasfoundbythebuildingworkers.建筑工人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具人類骸骨?！敬鸢浮?)human 2)human12. following adj. 下列的E.g. 1) Pleaseanswerthe__________questions.請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題。IcamebackfromholidayonSundayandwenttoworkonthe_________day.我星期天度假回來(lái)，第二天就上班了。3） Spring__________winter.冬去春來(lái)。4) Idon’tquite__________you.我不太明白你的意思?！敬鸢浮?)following 2)following 3)follows 4)follow13. amazing adj. 令人驚奇的E.g. 1) Whatan_________painting!多么令不起的一幅畫(huà)！2) Yourletter_________me.你的信令我驚訝。3) Hewas__________atwhathesaw.對(duì)看到的情形，他驚訝不已?！敬鸢浮?)amazing 2)amazed 3)amazed14. complete v. 使完整E.g 1) Canyou___________thestorybyyourself?你能夠獨(dú)立把這個(gè)故事寫(xiě)完整嗎？He____________________hishomework.他已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。Isthisa____________list?這是一份完整的清單嗎？【答案】1)complete 2)hascompleted 3)completeKeyphrasesandsentences.1．...becauseitmadeiteasiertowritebignumbersandtocalculate．……因?yàn)樗?0)使得大數(shù)字的書(shū)寫(xiě)和計(jì)算更加容易。(1)becauseconj．因?yàn)閑.g.Iwasangrybecausehewaslate.因?yàn)樗t到了，所以我生氣?！局更c(diǎn)迷津】because,since,as,for都是表示“原因”的連詞。以上連詞的語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)至弱依次為becausesinceasfor;其中because，since，as為從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;for為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列句。①Because“因?yàn)?，表示直接原因，回答why的提問(wèn)，一般放在主句之后，可單獨(dú)存在。e.g.-Whydon'tyoubuyit?為什么你不買它？-BecauseIdon'thaveenoughmoneywithme．因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有帶足夠的錢。Westayedathomebecauseitrained．下雨了，所以我們待在家里。②since“因?yàn)?，既然”，?cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。e.g.Sinceeveryoneishere，let'sbegin.既然大家都到齊了，我們開(kāi)始吧。③as“由于，鑒于”，主從句并重，從句說(shuō)明原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果，為常用詞。e.g.Asitwaslate，Imusthurryup．由于晚了，我得快點(diǎn)。④for“因?yàn)?，由于”，表明附加或推斷的理由，其前常有逗?hào)，for及其后的句子不放在句首。e.g.Hemustbeill，forheisn'theretoday．他一定是病了，因?yàn)榻裉焖麤](méi)來(lái)?！居亚樘崾尽俊耙?yàn)椤浴钡挠h不同習(xí)慣:because和so與although和but用法相同，都不可連在一起使用，只能用其中一個(gè)，這一點(diǎn)和漢語(yǔ)不同，使用時(shí)一定要注意兩種語(yǔ)言的不同習(xí)慣。因?yàn)樗×?，所以他沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)。[誤]Becausehewasill,sohedidn'tcometoschool.[正]Becausehewasill,hedidn'tcometoschool.[正]Hewasill,sohedidn'tcometoschool.(2)makeit+adj.+todosth．使得做某事變得……e.g.Theelectronicdictionarymakesitquickertolookupanewword.電子詞典使我們查閱生詞更迅速。2．Abacusesaresofastandaccuratethatpeoplestillusethemtoday．算盤(pán)（計(jì)算起來(lái)）是如此的快速和精確，因此人們至今還在使用它們。so…that…“如此……以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so后接形容詞或副詞，that后面接從句。e.g.TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit．這個(gè)箱子如此的重以至于我抬不動(dòng)它。Herunssofastthathisclassmatescan'tcatchupwithhim.他跑得如此快以至于他的同學(xué)都趕不上他?！居亚樘崾尽慨?dāng)that后面的從句為否定句時(shí)，可以用too…to改寫(xiě)為簡(jiǎn)單句，當(dāng)that后面的從句為肯定句時(shí)，可以用enoughto改寫(xiě)為簡(jiǎn)單句。e.g.Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool．他太小了，還不能去上學(xué)。Heissotallthathecanreachtheapplesonthetree.=Heistallenoughtoreachtheapplesonthetree．他很高能夠得到樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果。so后面有單數(shù)名詞時(shí)可用such...that…進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。e.g.Heissotallamanthathecanalmostreachtheceiling.=Heissuchatallmanthathecanalmostreachtheceiling．他個(gè)子這么高，幾乎夠得著天花板?！局R(shí)拓展】sothat的用法(1)sothat以便;目的是。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句e.g.Ourteacherspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhim.我們的老師大聲講課以便每個(gè)人都能聽(tīng)到。Sothat常與may，can等詞連用，從句前無(wú)逗號(hào)。e.g.IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.我租了一條船，為的是可以去釣魚(yú)。Heworkedhardinorderthat/sothathecouldsucceed.=Heworkedhardinorderto/soastosucceed.他努力工作，為的是成功。(2)sothat還可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，從句前可用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，意為“因?yàn)椤薄.g.Thebusbrokedown,sothatwehadtowalk.公共汽車拋錨了，因此我們必須步行。3.Isahumanbrainamorepowerfulcalculatorthanacomputer?人腦是比計(jì)算機(jī)更強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算器嗎？(1)more+adj.+than…e.g.Isthissnakemoredangerousthanthatone?這條蛇比那一條更危險(xiǎn)嗎？(2)more+n.+than…e.g.TherearemorestudentsinClass3thanthoseinClass2.三班的學(xué)生比二班的多。4．Ifitisnotpowerfulenough,youwillfindtheansweronpage67．如果它（你的大腦）不夠強(qiáng)大的話，請(qǐng)看第67頁(yè)上的答案。主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，以if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.IfIamfreetomorrow,Iwillseemyuncle.如果明天我有空，我要去看我叔叔。Ifitdoesn’train,wewillgoswimming．如果不下雨，我們將去游泳。PracticePractice一、閱讀單選Bigdata(數(shù)據(jù))isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofpatternsinthedata.Bigdataincludesinformationcollectedfrommanysources(來(lái)源),suchasinformationfromschools,socialmediasite,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatamayincludepeople’snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer.Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsotheycansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredict(預(yù)測(cè))ifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheorshedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrongyet.Howcanbigdatabeusedbothforgoodandbadthings?Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsarewrittenbypeople.Howpeoplethinkwilldecidehowtheyusethedate.Peoplethinkinacertainwayandtheybuildmodelsbasedontheirideas.Thesemodelswilldecidehowcomputerprogramslookatthedata.Goodideasarehelpfulforpeopleandbusinesseswhilebadideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.1．Whatkindofinformationmaybeincludedinbigdata?①people’snames

②people’saddresses

③people’shobbies④people’sschools

⑤people’sshoppinghabits

⑥people’stravellinghabitsA．①②③ B．①②③④ C．①②③⑤⑥ D．①②③④⑤⑥2．HowdoesthewritershowhisideasinParagraph2?A．Byshowingnumbers. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bytellingstories. D．Bymakingcomparisons.3．Whatdoestheunderlined“they”inParagraph3referto?A．Studentsatschool B．StudentswhoneedmorehelpthanothersC．Teacherswhogivesupporttostudents D．Childrenwhosucceedinschool4．Whycanbigdatabeusedforbothgoodandbadreasons?A．Becausebigdatacanhelptakecareofbabiesaswellaspredictwhoisgoingtohurtothers.B．Becausesomeprogramsaregoodforpeoplewhilesomearebad.C．Becausetheinformationincludedinbigdatacomesfromdifferentplaces.D．Becausethepeoplewhowritecomputerprogramshavedifferentwaysofthinking.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Bigdata,goodorbad? B．FactsaboutbigdataC．Bigdata—besthelper D．Peoplebehindbigdata【答案】1．D2．B3．B4．D5．B【分析】本文主要介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)就是將很多信息放在一起，可以供計(jì)算機(jī)程序使用。短文中列舉了很多使用大數(shù)據(jù)的方式，既有好的方面，也有不好的。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onesetofdatamayincludepeople’snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer”以及第二段可知，包括人們的姓名和地址，人們喜歡什么，他們?cè)谀睦锷蠈W(xué)，他們?cè)陔娔X上花了多少時(shí)間，還有購(gòu)物和旅游愛(ài)好，故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream”可知，通過(guò)舉例的方式來(lái)表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)，故選B。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsotheycansucceedinschool.”可知，老師可以給某些學(xué)生更多的幫助或支持，這樣他們就能在學(xué)校取得成功，所以they指代“需要更多幫助的那些學(xué)生”，故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Howcanbigdatabeusedbothforgoodandbadthings?Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsarewrittenbypeople”可知，因?yàn)榫帉?xiě)計(jì)算機(jī)程序的人有不同的思維方式，故選D。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了大數(shù)據(jù)的概念及大數(shù)據(jù)的使用，也列舉了大數(shù)據(jù)的方式，既有好的方面，也有不好的，所以B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于大數(shù)據(jù)的事實(shí)”符合本文標(biāo)題，故選B。二、完形填空Fromthefirstdaythatmenbegantostudynumbersindailylife,somenumbershavebeenthoughttobelucky,whileothersareconsideredunlucky.Andit’snotjustWesternculturethathasdonethis.CulturesinJapan,China,India,andAfricahavedonethesamething,butfordifferentreasons.Let’stakealookatsomecommonlyknownluckyandunluckynumberstoseewhytheyarelovedorhated.Everyoneknowsthat“7”islucky.But6?Therootofmostluckynumberscanbefoundinreligion.God,forexample,issaidtohavecreatedtheworldin7days.Untilthe1800s,thereweresevenknownplanetsinthesolarsystem（太陽(yáng)系）.Seveniseventheusualnumberofspotsonaladybugandladybugsareconsideredgoodluckthemselves.“4”meansbadluckinAsia.Forexample,the7of“4”inChineseisverysimilartotheword“death”.Andbecauseofthis,“4”hasbeenconsideredbadluckinChina.“666”isa8number.ItisextremelybadluckinWesternculturebutverygoodluckinmanyAsiancountries.9theChristianBible（圣經(jīng)）,thenumber666meansSatan（撒旦，魔鬼）.ItmightbethemostavoidednumberinWesternculture.Forexample,thereusedtobeUSHighway666inNewMexico,butin2003itwaschangedtoUSHighway491becausethegovernmentwasafraidthatthenumberwouldscaretouristsaway.AnotherexampleisthatRonaldReagan,40thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,changedthe10666St.CloudRoad,BelAirto668St.CloudRoad,BelAirbeforemovingin.ButinAsia,peoplelove“666”becauseit11“thingsgoingsmoothly”,andisconsideredtobeverylucky.6．A．when B．how C．why D．where7．A．meaning B．pronunciation C．spelling D．writing8．A．different B．boring C．difficult D．interesting9．A．Becauseof B．Accordingto C．Thanksto D．Withthehelpof10．A．a(chǎn)ddress B．road C．phonenumber D．location11．A．soundslike B．lookslike C．feelslike D．seemslike【答案】6．C7．B8．A9．B10．A11．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章主要介紹了在不同文化中一些常見(jiàn)的吉利數(shù)字和不吉利數(shù)字，以及它們被人們喜歡或討厭的原因。6．句意：但為什么呢？when什么時(shí)候；how如何，怎樣；why為什么；where哪里。根據(jù)“Therootofmostluckynumberscanbefoundinreligion...”可知，后面在陳述原因。故選C。7．句意：例如，中文中“4”的發(fā)音與“死”非常相似。meaning意思；pronunciation發(fā)音；spelling拼寫(xiě)；writing寫(xiě)。根據(jù)“of‘4’inChineseisverysimilartotheword‘death’”和常識(shí)可知，中文中“4”的發(fā)音與“死”很相似。故選B。8．句意：“666”是一個(gè)不同的數(shù)字。different不同的；boring無(wú)聊的；difficult困難的；interesting有趣的。根據(jù)“a”可知，其后應(yīng)接以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，排除選項(xiàng)D。根據(jù)“ItisextremelybadluckinWesternculturebutverygoodluckinmanyAsiancountries”可知，它是一個(gè)不同的數(shù)字。故選A。9．句意：依據(jù)《圣經(jīng)》，數(shù)字666代表撒旦。Becauseof因?yàn)椋籄ccordingto依據(jù)，根據(jù)；Thanksto多虧；Withthehelpof在……的幫助下。根據(jù)“theChristianBible（圣經(jīng)）,thenumber666meansSatan（撒旦，魔鬼）”可知，是依據(jù)《圣經(jīng)》中的描述。故選B。10．句意：另一個(gè)例子是，美國(guó)第40任總統(tǒng)羅納德·里根在搬進(jìn)來(lái)之前，將地址從貝萊爾圣云路666號(hào)改為貝萊爾圣云路668號(hào)。address地址；road路；phonenumber電話號(hào)碼；location位置。根據(jù)“666St.CloudRoad,BelAirto668St.CloudRoad,BelAirbeforemovingin”可知，是搬進(jìn)來(lái)之前，改了地址。故選A。11．句意：但在亞洲，人們喜歡“666”，因?yàn)樗?tīng)起來(lái)像“一切順利”，被認(rèn)為是非常幸運(yùn)的。soundslike聽(tīng)起來(lái)像；lookslike看起來(lái)像；feelslike感覺(jué)像；seemslike好像。根據(jù)“‘thingsgoingsmoothly’”可知，“666”是聽(tīng)起來(lái)像一切進(jìn)展順利。故選A。三、短文首字母填空閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。ThecomputerandtheInternethavebecomepartofteens’life.ThenumberofteenInternetusersinChinaisgrowingb12,upto253million.Thenumbershowsagreatincrease（增長(zhǎng)）inInternetusersinChinao13thepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagers.AndChinabecomesalargemarketforInternetb14.Anewsurvey(調(diào)查)showsthatChineseteensshowgreati15inonlineactivities.Theyseemnottoknowthats16toomuchtimebeforeacomputerscreenisbadfortheirhealth.Accordingtothesurvey,42.6%ofteenshavebuilttheiro17webblogs.Morethanhalfenjoyc18onlinewithfriendsand10.6%ofteensplayInternetgames.Itisap19thatonly6%usetheInternettogetinformationfortheirlearningprojects!Also,thesurveyfindsthattheteenshavedifferentfavouritep20tousetheInternet.Forteensintowns,35%chooseInternetbarsasamainplacetogoonline.Forthoselivinginlargecities,76%usehomecomputers.Toomuchtimeonlinecertainlyl21toproblemsfortheiryounglife.Shouldteensthinkmoreaboutwhatrole(角色)acomputerplays?【答案】12．(b)igger13．(o)ver14．(b)usiness15．(i)nterest16．(s)pending17．(o)wn18．(c)hatting19．(p)ity20．(p)laces21．(l)eads【分析】這篇短文主要講述了越來(lái)越多的青少年使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，他們對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很感興趣，但長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)他們的身體有害。12．句意：中國(guó)青少年網(wǎng)民的數(shù)量正在增長(zhǎng)，達(dá)到2.53億。根據(jù)“upto253million”可知，此處是青少年數(shù)量變得更大，big是形容詞，更大的，此處用比較級(jí)。故填(b)igger。13．句意：這個(gè)數(shù)字表明，在過(guò)去的幾年中，中國(guó)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶，尤其是青少年互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶，大幅增加。根據(jù)“thepastfewyears”可知，此處是overthepastfewyears“在過(guò)去的幾年里”。故填(o)ver。14．句意：中國(guó)成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的一個(gè)大市場(chǎng)。根據(jù)“AndChinabecomesalargemarket”可知，此處是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)，business是名詞，生意，商業(yè)。故填(b)usiness。15．句意：新調(diào)查表明中國(guó)青少年對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。根據(jù)上文“Thenumbershowsagreatincrease（增長(zhǎng)）inInternetusersinChinaoverthepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagers”可知，中國(guó)青少年互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶大幅增加，說(shuō)明他們對(duì)在線活動(dòng)很感興趣，showgreatinterestin“對(duì)……表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣”。show是動(dòng)詞，展示，后加名詞，interest是名詞，興趣。故填(i)nterest。16．句意：他們似乎不知道花太多時(shí)間在電腦屏幕前對(duì)他們的健康有害。根據(jù)“toomuchtimebeforeacomputerscreenisbadfortheirhealth”可知，在電腦屏幕前花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間對(duì)健康有害，spend是動(dòng)詞，花費(fèi)，此處是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞是spending。故填(s)pending。17．句意：根據(jù)調(diào)查，42.6%的青少年建立了自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)博客。根據(jù)“their...webblogs”可知，是他們自己的博客；one’sown+名詞，表示“某人自己的……”。故填(o)wn。18．句意：超過(guò)一半的青少年喜歡與朋友在線聊天，10.6%的青少年玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。enjoydoingsth.“享受做某事”，chatwithsb.“和某人聊天”，chat的動(dòng)名詞是chatting。故填(c)hatting。19．句意：遺憾的是，只有6%的學(xué)生使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為他們的學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目獲取信息！根據(jù)“only6%usetheInternettogetinformationfortheirlearningprojects”可知，只有極少數(shù)學(xué)生使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是為了他們的學(xué)習(xí)，因此作者表示很遺憾；Itisapitythat+從句，“……是遺憾的”，is后加形容詞，pity是形容詞，遺憾的。故填(p)ity。20．句意：此外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，青少年有不同的而且是最喜歡的地方去使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。根據(jù)下文“Forteensintowns,35%chooseInternetbarsasamainplacetogoonline.Forthoselivinginlargecities,76%usehomecomputers.”可知，此處是使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不同的地方，place是名詞，地方，different+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示某人最喜歡的……。故填(p)laces。21．句意：長(zhǎng)時(shí)間上網(wǎng)肯定會(huì)給他們年輕的生活帶來(lái)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)“problemsfortheiryounglife.”可知，此處是給他們的年輕生活帶來(lái)問(wèn)題，短語(yǔ)leadto…“導(dǎo)致……”，主語(yǔ)“toomuchtimeonline”是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填(l)eads。四、閱讀回答問(wèn)題Haveyouevercountedthenumberofdigits(數(shù)字)inyourmobilephonenumber?Yournumberhas11digits.Youmaysometimesfindithardtorememberyournumber.That'sbecauseChinahasthelongestmobilephonenumbersintheworld.Whyisthat?The11digitscanbedividedintothreeparts.Eachparthasadifferentmeaning.Thefirstthreenumberstellyouwhichmobilep