高中英語外研版必修第二冊Unit 4 Period 3　Using language--ing as adverbial

Period3Usinglanguage—-ingasadverbial感知以下課文原句，并完成方框下面的練習(xí)1．HavingseenquiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes，Iwasfullofconfidence—untilthePekingOperacametotown!2．Datingbacktothe18thcentury，PekingOperahasovertwohundredyearsofhistory.3．Usingsuchtechniques，theoperahadtransformedasmallstageintothewholeuniverse.1．加黑部分組成的短語在句子中作時間狀語的是句2；作原因狀語的是句1；作方式狀語的是句3。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語往往可以和狀語從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。2．句1中，v.-ing形式為完成式，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。句2和3中現(xiàn)在分詞與句子謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生。3．觀察句1－3可知，現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語都是句子的主語，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作和邏輯主語之間存在主動關(guān)系。一、現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式1．現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式：doing表示動作與謂語動詞的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。Hearingthenewsofwar，soldierstookuparmstodefendtheircountry.聽聞戰(zhàn)爭的消息，士兵們拿起武器保衛(wèi)自己的國家。2．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：havingdone表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前。Havingreturnedfromalongbikeride，hewastiredandsweaty.騎了很長時間的車回來后，他很疲憊，汗流浹背。3．現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式，在其前加not。Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime，themotherworriedagreatdeal.由于長時間沒有收到兒子的信，母親非常擔(dān)心。4．現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式：beingdone表示與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生的被動動作；havingbeendone表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前的被動動作。Beingreconstructed，thetowerisnotavailablenow.塔樓正在重建，現(xiàn)在不能參觀。Havingbeeninvolvedinthecrime，hewasputintoprison.由于被卷入犯罪，他被投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的基本用法現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。1．時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，所表示的動作與主句的動作一般是同時發(fā)生，有時可由連詞when，while，after引出。Hearingtheresult(＝WhenIheardtheresult)，Icouldn'thelpjumping.聽到這個結(jié)果，我不禁跳了起來。Havingmadefullpreparations(＝Afterwehavemadefullpreparations)，wearereadyfortheexamination.做了充分的準(zhǔn)備之后，我們準(zhǔn)備好參加考試了。2．原因狀語可以與as/since/because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換。Beingsoexcited(＝Ashewassoexcited)，hecouldn'tgotosleepthatnight.由于非常激動，那晚他無法入睡。Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears(＝SinceIhadlivedinthecityformanyyears)，Iknewitwell.因為在這座城市住了許多年，所以我對它很了解。3．條件狀語可以與if/unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換。Workinghardatyourlessons(＝Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons)，youwillsucceed.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會成功。Notmakinggooduseofthetime(＝Unlessyoumakegooduseofthetime)，you'llregret.如果不好好利用時間，你會后悔的。4．方式或伴隨狀語不可以轉(zhuǎn)換成從句，但可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Thegirlscameintotheclassroom，singinganddancing(＝andtheysanganddanced)．女孩子們唱著跳著進(jìn)了教室。Helayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime(＝andstaredattheskyforalongtime)．他躺在草地上，長時間地望著天空。5．結(jié)果狀語表示必然的結(jié)果，它常常位于句末，可擴(kuò)展為一個含有并列謂語的簡單句，有時也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成非限制性定語從句。Hisparentsgotkilledintheearthquake，leavinghimanorphan(＝andlefthimanorphan/whichlefthimanorphan)．他的父母在地震中喪生，使他成了孤兒。不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示自然而然的結(jié)果，不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常與only連用，表示一種失望、驚訝的感情色彩。Fifteenmilliontreeswereblowndownbythehighwinds，blockingroads，pathsandrailwaylines.1500萬棵樹被狂風(fēng)刮倒，把大小道路和鐵路都堵塞了。Ihurriedtothebookingoffice，onlytobetoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.我匆忙趕到售票處，結(jié)果卻被告知票已售罄。6．讓步狀語可以與although/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換。Knowingallthis(＝Although/Thoughtheyknewallthis)，theystillmademepayforthedamage.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。Havingmadeupmymind(＝Although/ThoughIhadmadeupmymind)，Istillwantedtoplay.盡管我已下定決心，我仍然想玩。三、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的注意事項1．邏輯主語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語一般是句子的主語，它們之間是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Beingill，hedidn'tattendthewedding.因為生病，他沒有出席婚禮。(he與beingill是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系→Hewasill.)2．獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語，這時其邏輯主語相對于句子的主語來說是獨立的，因此又叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其構(gòu)成形式是“名詞/代詞＋v.-ing”。Shebeingill，hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了，她母親不得不在家照顧她。3．獨立成分作狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等，被稱為評論性狀語。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般說來strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格說來judgingfrom/by根據(jù)……來判斷considering.../oconsideration考慮到……supposing假設(shè)；如果providing如果assuming假使Generallyspeaking，asaforeignlanguage，ChineseismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.一般說來，作為一門外語，漢語要比英語更難學(xué)。Judgingfrom/byhistone，there'snodoubtheisagainstit.聽他的話音便知，毫無疑問他是反對的。4．連詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，如果從句的謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)，則可以省略從句的主語，而保留原連詞，形成“連詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thoughlackingmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.＝Thoughtheylackedmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.盡管他父母缺錢，但是他們還是設(shè)法把他送去上大學(xué)了。教材聽力訓(xùn)練(見課堂精彩PPT)根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全短文IparticipatedintheEnglishspeechcontestheldinourschoolyesterday.Atfirst，Ididn'thavethecouragetosignupforitbecausemyspokenEnglishispoor.However,1.havingbeenencouragedbymybestfriendMaisy(被我最好的朋友Maisy鼓勵)，Idecidedtohaveatryatlast.2.SpendingaboutthreehoursadaypracticingwithMaisy(每天花大約三個小時與Maisy一起練習(xí))，Imadegreatprogress.Beforethecontest，Maisygavemeabighug,3.givingmeconfidence(給了我信心)．Unexpectedly，themicrophonedidn'twork,4.makingmeawkward(使我尷尬).5.Feelingextremelynervous(感到極其緊張)，Ididn'tknowwhattodo.Luckily，MaisygavemeanothermicrophoneandIcontinuedwithmyspeech.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhilecrossing(cross)thestreet.2．Shecameintotheroom，carrying(carry)apieceofequipment.3．Hearing/Havingheard(hear)thenews，hecouldn'tholdbackhisanger.4．Havingbeenpraised(praise)forthejob，Tomfeltproudofhimselfandworkedharder.5．Turning(turn)totheright，youwillfindapathleadingtohishome.6．Hewascaughtintherainonhiswaybackhome，making(make)himselfcatchacold.7．Nothavingbeeninvited(not，invite)totheparty，shefeltratherdisappointed.8．Hehurriedtotheairport，onlytofind(find)thattheplanehadalreadytakenoff.9．Icanassurethatworking(work)harderatEnglish，you'llmakeyourlifeabroadeasier.10．Thepolicearemakingeffortstosearchforthelostboy，giving(give)hisparentsarayofhope.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Shedidn'tfinishherworkintime.Thebossfiredher.→Nothavingfinishedherworkintime，thebossfiredher.2．Whilehewasreadingthebook，hefellasleep.→Whilereadingthebook，hefellasleep.3．Hedroppedtheglassontotheground，andasaresultbrokeitintopieces.→Hedroppedtheglassontotheground，thusbreakingitintopieces.4．Afterwehadbeenshownaroundthelabs，weweretakentoseethelibrary.→Havingbeenshownaroundthelabs，weweretakentoseethelibrary.5．Ifyousetoffearlier，you'llgettothetownatdusk.→Settingoffearlier，you'llgettothetownatdusk.Ⅲ.閱讀理解Areyouamoviegoer?If，likeme，you'reafanoffilm，thenthere'snobetterplacetowatchsomethingthanonthebigscreenatthecinema.Youenterthedarktheatreandtakeyourseat，readytobeentertained.Butwhileyouareabsorbedinsomemoviemagic，manyothersarenowgettingtheirfilmfixedathome.Overthelastfewyears，cinemashaveseenacomeback.Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats，andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexes(多映廳影院)inparticularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime，suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanextraimmersiveexperience.Sowhat'snottolikeaboutatriptothecinema?Oneanswertothatquestionisconvenience.Ratherthangoingout，it'ssomucheasiertostayinandwatcharomanticcomedyoractionmovieonahigh-definitionTVscreenviaastreamingservice.There'splentyofchoice，andit'srelativelycheapaswell.But，personally，Ifindtherearetoomanydistractions，andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.Imissthecinema!Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemaunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclosebecauseofreducedticketsales.IntheUK，it'sbroughtaboutasurgeinTVwatchingandonlinestreaming.It'sreportedthathalfofUKadultswillkeepandcontinueusingtheirnewstreamingsubscriptions.Thisisn'tgreatnewsforcinemas.Theyrelyonthereleaseofabigblockbuster(大片)tobringthecrowdsback，butthelaunchofnewfilms，suchasJamesBond:NoTimeToDie，arebeingdelayed.Disneyhasreleasedits$200mblockbuster，Mulan，onlineinsteadofinmovietheatres.JohnFithian，fromtheNationalAssociationofTheatreOwners，toldVarietyMagazine：“Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomakeyourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn'tmakesensetome.Therewon'tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在電影院看電影的一些好處以及新冠肺炎給電影院行業(yè)帶來的一些影響。1．What'smainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A．Whypeopledon'tliketogotocinema.B．Whathashelpedcinemasmakeacomeback.C．Howcinemashavedevelopedinthelastfewyears.D．Whethercinemascanremainpopularinthefuture.答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats，andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexes(多映廳影院)inparticularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime，suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanextraimmersiveexperience.”可知，第二段主要講了電影院再次興起的原因。故選B。2．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwatchingfilmsathome?A．Itcanhardlysuitalldifferenttastes.B．It'stime-consumingduetovariousdistractions.C．Itoffersaudienceavarietyoffilmsfreeofcharge.D．It'snotasenjoyableanexperienceasgoingtocinemas.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But，personally，Ifindtherearetoomanydistractions，andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.Imissthecinema！”可推知，作者認(rèn)為在家看電影不像去電影院看電影那樣令人愉快。故選D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inParagraph4mean?A．Potentialinfluence.B．Short-termbenefit.C．Suddenincrease.D．Fiercecompetition.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句上文“Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemaunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclosebecauseofreducedticketsales.”以及后文“It'sreportedthathalfofUKadultswillkeepandcontinueusingtheirnewstreamingsubscriptions.”可知，新冠肺炎導(dǎo)致了在線流媒體的激增和電視觀看量的突然增加，畫線詞意思是“突然增加”。故選C。4．WhichviewwouldJohnFithianagreewith?A．Thereleaseofblockbusterscannotbringthecrowdsback.B．Releasingfilmsonlineisanalternativeduringthepandemic.C．Thepandemichasn'thadagreatimpactonthefilmindustry.D．Delayingthereleaseofblockbusterscanbringinmoreprofits.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“JohnFithian，fromtheNationalAssociationofTheatreOwners，toldVarietyMagazine：‘Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomakeyourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn'tmakesensetome.Therewon'tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.’”可推知，JohnFithian會同意B選項“在大流行病期間在網(wǎng)上放映電影是一種替代選擇”的觀點。故選B。Ⅳ.完形填空AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginNewYork.1IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster'sdegree，Icouldn'tfinda2job.Iwasdrivingaschoolbustomakeendsmeetand3withafriend，forIhadlostmyflat.Ihad4fiveinterviewswithacompanybuttheysaidIdidnotgetthejob.“Whyhasmylifebecomeso5？”Ithoughtpainfully.AsIpulledthebusoverto6alittlegirl，shehandedmeanearring，7Ishouldkeepit8somebodyclaimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng))it.Theearringwaspaintedblackandsaid“BEHAPPY”．AtfirstIgotangry.Thenithitme—Ihadbeengivingallofmy9towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy10ratherthanwhatwasright！Idecidedtomakea11offiftythingsIwashappywith.Later，Idecidedto12morethingstothelist.Thatnighttherewasaphonecallformefromadirectoratalarge13.SheaskedmeifIwouldgivealecture14stressmanagementto200medicalworkers.Isaidyes.My15therewentverywell，andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob.TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayofthinkingthatIcompletelychangedmylife.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者二十年前在紐約居住時找不到滿意的工作，以開校車為生，但一位小女孩撿到的一只耳環(huán)讓他醒悟，作者改變了對生活的看法，最終找到了理想的工作。1．A.As B．ThoughC．If D．When答案B解析句意為：盡管我閱歷豐富，也有碩士學(xué)位，但我還是找不到令人滿意的工作。as正如；though盡管；if如果；when當(dāng)……的時候。though表示讓步關(guān)系，故選B。2．A.successful B．extraC．satisfying D．convenient答案C解析見上題句意解析。successful成功的；extra額外的；satisfying令人滿意的；convenient方便的。故選C。3．A.working B．travellingC．discussing D．living答案D解析句意為：我靠開校車來維持生計并且和朋友住在一起。work工作；travel旅游；discuss討論；live居住。故選D。4．A.preparedfor B．a(chǎn)ttendedC．a(chǎn)skedfor D．held答案B解析句意為：我參加了五次面試。preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備；attend參加；askfor詢問；hold舉行。故選B。5．A.hard B．busyC．serious D．short答案A解析句意為：我的生活為什么會變得如此艱難？hard艱難的；busy繁忙的；serious嚴(yán)重的；short短的。故選A。6．A.waveat B．dropoffC．callon D．lookfor答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)我停車讓小女孩下車時，她交給我一個耳環(huán)。waveat朝……揮手；dropoff下車；callon號召；lookfor尋找。故選B。7．A.ordering B．promisingC．saying D．showing答案C解析句意為：小女孩交給我一個耳環(huán)，說讓我保管以備有人來認(rèn)領(lǐng)。order命令；promise答應(yīng)；say說；show展示。故選C。8．A.incase B．orelseC．a(chǎn)sif D．nowthat答案A解析見上題句意解析。incase萬一，以防；orelse否則；asif好像；nowthat既然。故選A。9．A.feelings B．a(chǎn)ttentionC．strength D．interests答案B解析句意為：我把一切注意力都用來關(guān)注生活中的不順而沒有關(guān)注好的方面。feeling感覺；attention注意；strength力量，力氣；interest興趣。giveattentionto意為“關(guān)注……”。故選B。10．A.opinions B．educationC．experiences D．life答案D解析見上題句意解析。opinion觀點；education教育；experience經(jīng)驗；life生活。故選D。11．A.list B．bookC．check D．copy答案A解析句意為：我決定列出50件快樂的事情。makealistof意為“列出……的清單”，此處與后文中的“morethingstothelist”呼應(yīng)。故選A。12．A.connect B．turnC．keep D．a(chǎn)dd答案D解析句意為：我決定在清單上增加更多的事情。connect連接；turn轉(zhuǎn)向；keep保持；add增加。故選D。13．A.hospital B．factoryC．restaurant D．hotel答案A解析hospital醫(yī)院；factory工廠；restaurant餐廳；hotel旅館。由下文中的“to200medicalworkers”可知，此處指接到了醫(yī)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的電話。故選A。14．A.for B．withC．on D．beyond答案C解析句意為：她問我是否能給200名醫(yī)務(wù)人員做有關(guān)壓力管理的講座。介詞on在此表示“關(guān)于”，符合句意。故選C。15．A.plan B．choiceC．day D．tour答案C解析句意為：那一天我過得很快樂。plan計劃；choice選擇；day一天；tour旅游。故選C。Ⅴ.語法填空Itookashortflighttheotherday.Thepassengersontheplane1.(offer)anin-flightsnack—asandwichwhichcontaineddairyandmeat.SinceI2.(feel)totallyfullatthattimeoftheday，Iputitinmybag.Ihopedlaterthatday，Imaycomeacrossahomelessperson，to3.thissandwichma