北京房山區(qū)2023-2024學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題學業(yè)水平調(diào)研一

房山區(qū)20232024學年度第二學期學業(yè)水平調(diào)研（一）高二英語本試卷共10頁，滿分100分，考試時長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11yearoldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Sheagreedto___1___methemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”“poundinterest—what’sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestisthe___2___moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,”sheexplained.“poundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”“Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting___3___.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andI___4___thetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.I___5___payingmysisterforamonth.Afteranothermonth,Iforgotabouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.IwasjustputtingitintomypocketwhenKathleenstoppedme.“Sorry,that’smine.I’m___6___onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.“True,”shesaid,“but___7___hasbeenpoundingforeightmonths.Nowyouoweme$21.43.”Irefusedto___8___thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy___9___,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofpoundinterest.I_____10_____thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime.Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.1.A.hand B.lend C.give D.pay2.A.limited B.exact C.extra D.same3.A.satisfied B.confused C.frightened D.encouraged4.A.sold B.made C.fixed D.bought5.A.putoff B.tookup C.endedup D.startedoff6.A.relying B.focusing C.carrying D.collecting7.A.interest B.cost C.tax D.salary8.A.announce B.promise C.prove D.believe9.A.annoyance B.regret C.relief D.delight10.A.questioned B.explained C.learned D.explored【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D5.A6.D7.A8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者八歲時一次借錢的經(jīng)歷。本來作者只借了姐姐10美元，可是最終作者的債務(wù)累加到了21.43美元。經(jīng)過這次經(jīng)歷，作者明白了借錢可能會給自己帶來雙重麻煩這個道理?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她同意借錢給我，但補充道：“我會每月向你收取10%的復利，直到你還我為止?！盇.hand上交；B.lend借出；C.give給予；D.pay支付。根據(jù)“Idecidedtoaskmy11yearoldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.”可知，作者是向姐姐借錢。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“嗯，利息是借款人必須償還貸款的額外資金，”她解釋道。A.limited限的；B.exact精確的；C.extra額外的；D.same相同的。根據(jù)“poundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”可知，利息是借錢人在歸還貸款時額外付的錢。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管說實話，我還是感到困惑。A.satisfied滿意的；B.confused困惑的；C.frightened害怕的；D.encouraged鼓勵的。根據(jù)下文““Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.”可知，作者不是很明白，所以感到困惑。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：凱薩琳借錢給我，我買了玩具。A.sold售出；B.made制造；C.fixed固定；D.bought買。根據(jù)上文“WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.”可知，作者借錢買了玩具。故選D。5題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我推遲了一個月給姐姐還錢。又過了一個月，我忘記了借錢的事。A.putoff推遲；B.tookup拿起；C.endedup結(jié)束；D.startedoff啟動。根據(jù)“Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.”可知，作者得到的錢又要買另外一個玩具，所以推遲了還錢。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對不起，那是我的。我在收你的債。A.relying依賴；B.focusing聚焦；C.carrying搬運；D.collecting收集。根據(jù)“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”可知，姐姐向作者收債。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但利息已經(jīng)復利八個月了?，F(xiàn)在你欠我21.43美元。A.interest利息；B.cost成本；C.tax稅收；D.salary工資。根據(jù)“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”可知，除了收債，還有利息。故選A【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不相信一筆10美元的貸款能這么快翻倍。A.announce宣布；B.promise承諾；C.prove證明；D.believe相信。根據(jù)“Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofpoundinterest.”和“thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.”可知，作者無法相信10美元的貸款會有那么多的利息。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我非常惱火的是，我姐姐拿著她的鉛筆和平板，向我展示了利息是如何疊加的。A.annoyance煩惱；B.regret遺憾；C.relief寬慰；D.delight喜悅。根據(jù)“mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.”可知，姐姐向作者展示，讓作者更惱火。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我了解到借錢很快就會成為“雙重麻煩”。A.questioned質(zhì)疑；B.explained解釋；C.learned了解，學習；D.explored探索。根據(jù)“Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.”可知，作者從這次經(jīng)歷了解到借錢可能會給自己帶來雙重麻煩。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheLittlePrince____11____(tell)ustheimportanceoflookingbeneaththesurfaceofthingstouncovertheirrealmeanings.Ilikeitbecauseitissimple,andyetitreallymademethinkalot____12____lifeanddeath,loveandresponsibility,friendshipandloneliness.Oneofthemostmemorablecharactersinthebookisarose,____13____thelittleprincefellinlovewith.【答案】11.tells12.about13.which【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《小王子》告訴我們一些道理，令人印象深刻?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：《小王子》告訴我們透過事物的表面去發(fā)現(xiàn)其真正意義的重要性。陳述客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語是TheLittlePrince，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填tells?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我喜歡它，因為它很簡單，但它確實讓我思考了很多關(guān)于生與死、愛與責任、友誼與孤獨的問題。thinkabout“思考，考慮”。故填about?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：書中最令人難忘的人物之一是一朵玫瑰花，小王子愛上了它。句中先行詞為rose，在非限定性定語從句中作賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導。故填which。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedinto____14____(box).IhadalongchatwithCasey,thestore’selderlyowner.Sighing____15____(deep),hetoldmehowitwasbeingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.Moreandmorecustomers____16____(attract)bychainstoresandonlinediscounts.Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,____17____IhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn’tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.【答案】14.boxes15.deeply16.wereattracted17.but【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去書店看到其面臨困境及與店主交談?！?4題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：當我匆忙趕到書店時，我看到書已經(jīng)被裝進箱子里了。名詞box為可數(shù)名詞，前面無冠詞，此處表示泛指，所以用復數(shù)形式。故填boxes。【15題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他深深地嘆了口氣，告訴我經(jīng)營一家獨立書店變得多么困難。修飾動詞，用副詞形式deeply，表示“深深地”。故填deeply?！?6題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：越來越多的顧客被連鎖店和網(wǎng)上折扣所吸引。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。主語Moreandmorecustomers為復數(shù)形式，與attract之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是復數(shù)，be動詞應(yīng)用were。故填wereattracted?！?7題詳解】考查連詞。句意：我試圖想些同情的話，但我不得不承認，彩虹書店不能再經(jīng)營下去了。前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。It’satragicstorythat____18____(begin)in1810whenhumansarrivedonMacquarieIsland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland,____19____(eat)thebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheisland____20____(control)theratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.【答案】18.begins19.eating20.tocontrol【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人類進入麥夸里島后給該島嶼的生態(tài)帶來的一系列連鎖反應(yīng)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：這是一個悲劇故事，始于1810年人類抵達麥夸里島時。that引導定語從句，后面缺少謂語動詞，根據(jù)is可知，空處需填一般現(xiàn)在時。that指代單數(shù)名詞story，謂語也用單數(shù)，故填begins?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些小動物很快占領(lǐng)了島嶼，吃掉了鳥蛋并攻擊小鳥寶寶。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動詞“tookover”，故空處需填非謂語動詞，“Thesesmallanimals”和“eat”之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填eating。【20題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：貓被帶到島上來控制老鼠和小鼠。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動詞“werebrought”，故空處需填非謂語動詞，表示目的，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tocontrol。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.MerriamWebsterMerriamWebsterisawellknownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.OxfordDictionaryofEnglishTheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishappisaprehensiveandreliableresourceforEnglishlanguagereference.Theappprovidesclearandconcisedefinitions,alongwithaudiopronunciationsandexamplesentences.Youcanalsoaccesssynonyms,antonymsandwordorigins.Additionally,theappoffersofflinefunctionality,allowingyoutoaccessthedictionaryevenwithoutaninternetconnection.VocabularyTheVocabularydictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasytounderstanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!FluentUFluentUtakesrealworldvideosandturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.ItusesanaturalapproachthathelpsyoueaseintotheEnglishlanguageandcultureovertime.You’lllearnEnglishasit’sspokeninreallife.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!21.MerriamWebsterappcanhelpEnglishlearners________.A.findrightwordstospeakperfectEnglishB.searchforawordevenwithoutaninternetconnectionC.learndifficultwordsbypracticingmoreandreviewingD.lookforawordwhentheyareunsureaboutitsspelling22WhichdictionaryappprovesEnglishlearnerswithsimpledefinitionsandinterestinglearning?A.MerriamWebster. B.OxfordDictionaryofEnglish.C.Vocabulary. D.FluentU.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toremendusefuldictionaryapps.B.TogivesuggestionsonEnglishlearning.C.Toofferadviceonhowtouseadictionaryapp.D.TointroducethesourcesofEnglishvocabulary.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種不同的英語詞典或?qū)W習應(yīng)用，分別闡述了它們的特點、功能和優(yōu)勢。旨在為讀者提供關(guān)于這些英語學習工具的信息，以便他們根據(jù)自己的需求選擇合適的工具。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章MerriamWebster中的“Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.(該應(yīng)用程序提供了高質(zhì)量的定義、音頻發(fā)音和用法示例。它甚至可以讓你通過說話來搜索單詞！當你聽到一個不理解但又不確定它是怎么寫的單詞時，這個功能是完美的。)”可知，MerriamWebster應(yīng)用允許用戶通過說出單詞來搜索單詞，這在不確定單詞的拼寫時非常有用。故選D。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Vocabulary中的“TheVocabularydictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasytounderstanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!(Vocabulary詞典應(yīng)用程序非常適合英語學習者，因為它有非常容易理解的定義。該網(wǎng)站稱，“就像你最喜歡的老師在給你解釋一樣?！泵總€定義都解釋了這個詞的意思，以及何時以及如何使用它。它甚至把學習變成了一種游戲，讓你獲得積分！)”可知，Vocabulary詞典應(yīng)用為英語學習者提供了簡單易懂的定義，并且將學習過程變得有趣。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.(如果你是一個英語學習者或一個想要擴大詞匯量的英語使用者，一個好的字典應(yīng)用程序是必須的。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了四種不同的英語詞典或?qū)W習應(yīng)用，包括它們的特點、功能和優(yōu)勢，旨在為讀者推薦這些有用的詞典應(yīng)用，以便他們根據(jù)自己的需求選擇合適的工具來輔助英語學習。故選A。BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimotheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIgottonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(觀念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorsbined.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Topracticeclimbingskills. B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage. D.Toplayinthetree.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas________.A.wellplannedandinteresting B.adventurousbutrewardingC.petitiveandimaginative D.unusualbutpainful26.Theauthorlikedbeinguphighinthetreebecause________.A.shecouldenjoymorethangoodviewsB.herfatherencouragedhertodosoC.itcouldhelphertoconcentrateD.thetreehadthesweetestsmell27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.B.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.C.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述作者小時候和父親一起在門廊上畫畫、后來爬到梧桐樹上去救卡在樹枝上的風箏以及經(jīng)常坐在梧桐樹上欣賞美景的經(jīng)歷，表達了對生活中美好事物的感受和體驗?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.(我明白他在說什么，但我從來沒有感覺到他在說什么，直到有一天我爬到梧桐樹上去救一只卡在樹枝上的風箏。)”可知，作者爬樹的原因是為了取回卡在樹枝上的風箏。故選B。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.(我開始往上爬。然后我往下看。突然間，我感到頭暈和虛弱。)”以及第三段“That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.(就在這時，對飛得這么高的恐懼開始消失，取而代之的是一種最奇妙的感覺，那就是我在飛翔。)”可知，這一過程充滿了冒險性，因為樹很高，作者感到害怕和眩暈。但隨后，當作者成功救下風箏并開始享受在高處的風景時，她體驗到了非常美妙的感受，仿佛自己在飛翔。因此，這次經(jīng)歷雖然冒險，但給予了作者很大的回報和滿足感。故選B?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.(我從來沒有欣賞過這里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的樹上是什么感覺。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次。)”和第六段“Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.(沒過多久，我就不再害怕站在這么高的地方，找到了屬于我的位置。我可以在那里坐上幾個小時，看著外面的世界。日落是驚人的。有時它們是紫色和粉紅色的，有時它們是耀眼的橙色，點燃了地平線上的云。)”可知，當作者坐在高處時，不僅可以看到美麗的景色，還可以聞到微風的清新味道，感受到飛翔的感覺。作者描述了自己對高處的熱愛，并且希望能夠再次體驗那種感覺。因此，作者喜歡在高處是因為她可以享受到的不僅僅是美麗的景色，還有其他的感官體驗。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.(他會告訴我，奶牛本身就是一頭牛，草地本身就是草和花，從樹叢中透出的陽光只是一束光，但把它們放在一起，你就有了魔力。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者的父親通過描述牛、草地和陽光等單個元素與它們組合在一起形成的美麗畫面，傳達了一個觀念，即整體大于部分之和。作者通過自己爬樹救風箏并欣賞高處美景的經(jīng)歷，進一步體現(xiàn)了這個觀念。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然單獨看牛、草地和陽光可能并不特別，但當它們組合在一起時，卻形成了令人驚嘆的美景。同樣地，作者在高處所體驗到的不僅僅是美麗的景色，還有微風的味道、飛翔的感覺等，這些元素共同構(gòu)成了作者難以忘懷的美好體驗。故選A。CMakinguseofthewind,thewateror,formorethanhalfofallplantspecies,animals,plantsdisperse(散播)seedsfarandwide.Frugivores—animalssuchasgibbonsthatfeedonthefleshyfruitsofplants—eatandthenexcrete(排泄)seedsawayfromtheoriginaltree.TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecordbreakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.ResearchersinDenmarkandtheUSAhavepublishedanewstudyintohowthelossofseeddispersinganimalscouldaffecttheresilience(恢復力)offorestsandothernaturalecosystems.Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseeddispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperate(溫帶的)regionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.“Ourtemperateecosystemshavelostalotofthenaturalseeddispersalfunctionthattheywouldhavehad,”explainsEvanFricke,leadauthorofthestudy,referringtolargemammalsthatwereoncewidespreadintheseregions.Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseeddispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.Withoutthepreservationofsuchanimals,globalseeddispersalcoulddeclinebyafurther15percent.“Thedirectimplicationofthisdeclineisthatmanyplantspecieswillbeunabletokeeppacewithachangingclimate,”saysFricke.“Thatmeansthepotentiallossnotonlyofplantbiodiversitybutoftheecosystemfunctionsthatthoseplantsprovide.”Aswildlifeislost,plantscannolongeradaptandsurviveandforestsbeelesssustainable,whichreducestheamountofcarbontheycanstore.Theyalsolosetheirabilitytosupportwildlife.Wholeecosystemsaredisrupted.Theconclusion,Frickesays,isclear:wemustconservecurrentlyendangeredspeciesandrestorethepopulationsofimportantseeddispersers.“Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.28.TheauthormentionstheAfricansavannaelephantinParagraph1to________.A.provideasolution B.predicttheendingC.expressanopinion D.highlighttheproblem29.Asforseeddispersinganimals,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Theyarevitalandendangered.B.Theyarebeingwellconserved.C.Theyareunrelatedtowholeecosystems.D.Theyarewidespreadacrossthetemperateregions.30.WhatdoesFrickeconcludefromthestudy?A.Seeddispersinganimalsplayanimportantroleinpreventingclimatechange.B.Thelossofseeddispersinganimalshashardlyaffectedtemperateregions.C.Rewildingcanpromotetheclimateresilienceofourecosystems.D.Plantsdisperseseedsbywayofanimalsexcretingthem.【答案】28.D29.A30.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了動物幫助植物散播種子對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要，但許多散播種子的動物正瀕臨滅絕，尤其威脅到熱帶地區(qū)植被。保護這些動物和重新引入它們有助于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復力和應(yīng)對氣候變化?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecordbreakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.(非洲大草原大象可以攜帶種子達到65公里的破紀錄距離。這種改變地理范圍的能力對植物在氣候變化中生存至關(guān)重要。然而，就像所有長臂猿物種一樣，非洲大草原大象也瀕臨滅絕，其數(shù)量在過去50年中減少了60%)”可知，作者提到非洲草原象的例子是為了展示動物在種子傳播中的重要作用以及它們目前所面臨的生存威脅，以此強調(diào)問題的嚴重性。故選D項。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseeddispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperateregionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，歷史上，種子傳播動物的減少對北美洲、南美洲、歐洲和澳大利亞南部這些溫帶地區(qū)的植物產(chǎn)生了最大的影響)”可知，種子傳播動物非常重要，第三段“Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseeddispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.(盡管如此，許多散布種子的熱帶動物的保護狀況不佳，使東南亞和馬達加斯加等地區(qū)的植物今天面臨的風險最大)”可知，許多熱帶地區(qū)種子傳播動物保護狀況不佳，故作者認為它們至關(guān)重要，且瀕臨滅絕。故選A項。【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.(“不受氣候變化影響，重新引入野生動物可能使我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受益，但在氣候不斷變化的背景下，這樣做還有助于增強這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的氣候恢復力，”他說道)”可知，F(xiàn)ricke從研究中得出的結(jié)論是重新野化可以提升我們生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的氣候恢復力。故選C項。DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscriptionbased(訂閱)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansstartedtoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress,andthetraditionalsubscriptionbasedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,onofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tetoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlanS.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetoplainthatPlanSdeprives(剝奪)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlymoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entrenched”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?AUnpopular. B.Unfixed. C.Unchanged. D.Unknown.32.WhatisthemaincauseofthefailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thenumberofpublishedresearches.B.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.C.Thedurationofthecontract.D.Thewayofpayment.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicsthinkopenaccessmodelwillhelpthemgetpromoted.B.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.C.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.D.Openaccessmodelwillsoontaketheplaceofsubscriptionbasedmodel.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Disapproving. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.【答案】31.C32.B33.C34.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了學術(shù)出版領(lǐng)域中的開放獲取模式與傳統(tǒng)基于訂閱的模式之間的對比和沖突。【31題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一句“However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress(然而，20多年過去了，這項運動幾乎沒有取得任何進展)”可推測，傳統(tǒng)的訂閱模式依然根深蒂固。所以entrenched為“不變的；根深蒂固的”之意。選項A“Unpopular(不受歡迎)”；選項B“Unfixed(不固定的)”；選項C“Unchanged(不變的)”；選項D“Unknown(未知的)”。故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tetoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.(Elsevier希望圖書館支付兩項費用：一項是其授權(quán)期刊包，另一項是使用愛思唯爾的開放獲取模式。加州大學圖書館希望授權(quán)期刊費用能夠覆蓋開放獲取費用;他們還想開放訪問所有發(fā)表在Elsevier期刊上的加州大學的研究。當雙方無法達成協(xié)議時，圖書館走開了。)”可知，加州大學圖書館和Elsevier之間的談判失敗，主要是因為預期費用和訪問權(quán)限上的分歧。故選B。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.(然而，如果有足夠多的學者支持開放獲取，該系統(tǒng)可能會達到一個臨界點，超過這個臨界點，訂閱就不再意味著威望。達到這一點需要相當長的時間和努力，但這是可能的。)”可知，建立一個真正的在線科學公共圖書館需要大家的共同努力。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlymoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots(當期刊系統(tǒng)在1665年開始的時候，它是一種開放獲取的形式。期刊允許學者們公開地相互學習。直到20世紀，期刊系統(tǒng)才徹底商品化?，F(xiàn)在是時候把它帶回它的根源。)”可知，當學術(shù)期刊系統(tǒng)在1665年開始時，它實際上是一種開放獲取的形式，允許學者們互相公開學習。只是在20世紀，期刊系統(tǒng)才完全商品化?，F(xiàn)在是時候讓它回歸其本源了。這些描述表明作者支持開放獲取模式，并認為應(yīng)該將其恢復到最初的狀態(tài)。因此，作者對于開放獲取模型的態(tài)度是支持的。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Emojisareeverywhere.Theyoffereffectiveandfunwaystointeractwithothers.Usedwell,theycanbeeanengagingandcreativeadditiontomunication.____35____Onewellchosenemojicanreplacemanywordsoftext.____36____Orathumbsupemojimightsaveyoufromwritingoutyouragreementtosomethinginfull.____37____Andwhenyoucan’thearsomeone’stoneofvoiceorreadtheirbodylanguage,animagecanbeparticularlyhelpfulforunderstandingtheirmeaning.Emojisareclear,colorful,anddesignedtoconveyasinglemessagememorably—whichhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterestandengagement.Theystandoutamongtext,especiallywhentherecipientisworkingquicklyoronthemove.Manyemojismeanthesamethingtoeveryone,everywhere.____38____Forexample,asmilingfaceemojiwillletanyoneknowthatyou’rehappy,whateverlanguageyouspeak!Emojiscanhelpyoutoshowyourhumanside,makingyouseemfriendlierandmoreapproachable.What’smore,thebrainreactstoimagesoffaces,andtorealfaces,inaverysimilarway.Alongsideallthepotentialbenefitsofemojisthatwe’velistedabovetherearealsodangersyou’llneedtoguardagainst.____39____Forexample,aredfacedcharactercouldbeangry,orembarrassed.Likeanylanguage,youneedto“speakEmoji”withcare.Ifnot,youruntheriskofcreatingconfusion,conveyingthewrongimpression,orevencausingseriousoffense.A.Herearesomeofthereasonswhyemojisaresopopular.B.Manyemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.C.Anemojiisofteneasierandquickertounderstandthanawrittenexplanation.D.Sotheycanbreakthroughlanguagebarriers,andpromoteeasymunication.E.Forexample,youcouldselectanemojiofahousetosetyo