北京市東城區(qū)2023-2024學年高二下學期期末英語試題

東城區(qū)20232024學年度第二學期期末統(tǒng)一檢測高二英語本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AsaveryimportantpartofMexico’secosystem,hummingbirdsnowfaceallsortsofseriousthreats.That’swhere73yearoldCatherineesin,who___1___mostofherfreetimecaringforthetinybirds.Catherine’sstoryasaselftaughthummingbirdnursebeganin2011.Shewaswalkingonthestreetonedaywhenshenoticeda(n)___2___hummingbirdthathadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury.___3___itwastakenhomebythekindheartedwoman,butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.However,afriend___4___hertolookafterit.“Thathummingbirdwrotemeanewlife,”Catherinesaid.Itwasaverydifficult___5___inherlife.Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandlonelinessthathad___6___herlife.Anditwasonlythebeginning.Wordofhersuccess___7___amongCatherine’sfriends,andbeforelongsomeofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds.Sheneededtostudythebirdsandtheir___8___tobettertakecareofthem,andafter11yearsofexperience,the73yearoldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirdswhileherhomehasbeeknownasahummingbird___9___.Untilnow,Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.After____10____thebirdsbacktohealth,shereleasestheminawoodedareaonthesouthsideofMexicoCity.1.A.gains B.spends C.misses D.wastes2.A.ugly B.scary C.dangerous D.desperate3.A.Surprisingly B.Fortunately C.Accidentally D.Secretly4.A.allowed B.manded C.encouraged D.reminded5.A.task B.decision C.moment D.goal6.A.takenover B.reliedon C.turneddown D.gonethrough7.A.existed B.spread C.occurred D.changed8.A.values B.legends C.numbers D.habits9.A.shop B.park C.hospital D.museum10.A.nursing B.guiding C.moving D.feeding【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。73歲的Catherine從2011年開始自學照顧蜂鳥。一次她救了一只受傷的蜂鳥，這不僅幫助她走出喪夫和抗癌的悲痛，還激發(fā)了她照顧更多蜂鳥的熱情。迄今為止，她已救助了數(shù)百只蜂鳥，并將康復的蜂鳥放生到墨西哥城南部的森林區(qū)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這時，73歲的Catherine出現(xiàn)了，她把大部分空閑時間都用來照顧這些小鳥。A.gains獲得；B.spends花費；C.misses錯過；D.wastes浪費。根據(jù)后文“after11yearsofexperience,the73yearoldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她花費自己很多的閑暇時間照顧蜂鳥，且spendtimedoing是固定搭配。故選B項。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，她走在街上，發(fā)現(xiàn)一只絕望的蜂鳥眼睛受了重傷。A.ugly丑陋的；B.scary嚇人的；C.dangerous危險的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)后文“hadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury”可知這里表示蜂鳥因受傷而感到絕望。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，這只蜂鳥被一位好心的婦女帶回了家，但她對照顧鳥類一無所知。A.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；B.Fortunately幸運地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Secretly秘密地。根據(jù)后文“itwastakenhomebythekindheartedwoman”可知被熱心的女人帶回家是幸運的。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析句意：然而一個朋友鼓勵她來照顧它。A.allowed允許；B.manded命令；C.encouraged鼓勵；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)前文“butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.”以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞however可知，朋友鼓勵她來照顧蜂鳥。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是她生命中非常艱難的時刻。A.task任務；B.decision決定；C.moment時刻；D.goal目標。根據(jù)后文“Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.”可知失去丈夫并且和癌癥作斗爭是很艱難的時刻。故選C項。【6題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：是蜂鳥把她從悲傷和孤獨的生活中拉了出來。A.takenover接管；B.reliedon依賴；C.turneddown拒絕；D.gonethrough經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)前文“Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandloneliness”可知蜂鳥把她從悲傷和孤獨的生活中拉了出來，改變了她的生活，進而引申為新生活接管了原來艱難的生活。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她的成功在Catherine的朋友中傳開了，不久，一些朋友開始把受傷和被遺棄的蜂鳥帶給她。A.existed存在；B.spread傳播；C.occurred發(fā)生；D.changed改變。根據(jù)后文“someofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds”可知一些朋友知道了她照顧蜂鳥的消息，可推知是這個消息在朋友中傳開了。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她需要研究蜂鳥和它們的習性，以便更好地照顧它們。A.values價值；B.legends傳說；C.numbers數(shù)量；D.habits習慣。根據(jù)后文“the73yearoldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她成為了研究蜂鳥的專家，說明她對蜂鳥的習性很了解。故選D項。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過11年的經(jīng)驗積累，這位73歲的老人被認為是蜂鳥專家，而她的家也成了著名的蜂鳥醫(yī)院。A.shop商店；B.park公園；C.hospital醫(yī)院；D.museum博物館。根據(jù)后文“Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.”可知她在家里救治蜂鳥，而救治是醫(yī)院的功能。故選C項。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在將這些蜂鳥護理得恢復健康后，她將它們放飛到墨西哥城南邊的一片樹林中。A.nursing護理；B.guiding引導；C.moving移動；D.feeding喂養(yǎng)。根據(jù)前文“However,afriendhertolookafterit.”可知她照顧受傷的蜂鳥，護理至健康后放飛到樹林中。故選A項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Starbrookhasbeenakeenswimmerforalmost80years,eversincehe____11____(leave)schoolattheendofWorldWarII.Asayoungman,heracedbutterflyatthenationalswimmingchampionships.Hedidn’twinanything,____12____hehadalotoffunandneverlosthisloveofthewater.Whenheturned80,hecelebratedbyswimmingamileorsoacrosstheGulfofCorryvreckan.Hestillswimsthreetimesaweek,whichis____13____keepshimhealthyandactive.【答案】11.left12.but13.what【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Starbrook游泳近80年，二戰(zhàn)后開始。年輕時參加蝶泳比賽。80歲時橫渡科里夫雷肯灣。現(xiàn)每周游三次，保持健康?！?1題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：自二戰(zhàn)結束離開學校以來，斯塔布魯克熱衷游泳已有近80年的歷史。主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時，因此since引導的時間狀語從句使用一般過去時。故填left?！?2題詳解】考查連詞。句意：雖然他沒有贏得任何比賽，但他玩得很開心，而且從未失去對水的熱愛。前句Hedidn’twinanything與后句hehadalotoffunandneverlosthisloveofthewater之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此使用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接兩個句子。故填but?！?3題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：他仍然每周游泳三次，這使他保持健康和活力。從句位于be動詞is后，這是一個表語從句，且從句中缺少主語。同時which引導非限定性定語從句，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，句子作主語，因此使用what引導表語從句。故填what。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mostofusassumethatmorewatermeansa____14____(good)shower.Butthat’snottrue.Today’shighpressureshowerheads____15____(design)todeliverthesameexperiencethatoncerequiredthreetimesasmanygallonsperminute.Andbecausetheyprovideastrongstreamofwater,theymightalsoencourageyoutoturnoffthetapsooner,____16____(save)evenmorewater,arecentU.K.studysuggests.【答案】14.better15.aredesigned16.saving【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了高壓淋浴頭的作用?！?4題詳解】考查比較級。句意：我們大多數(shù)人認為更多的水意味著更好的淋浴。根據(jù)句中的“morewater”可知，這里表示比較，指的是更好的淋浴，應用good的比較級better。故填better。【15題詳解】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：今天的高壓淋浴頭被設計用來提供曾經(jīng)每分鐘需要三倍加侖水的相同體驗。根據(jù)句中的Today可知，這里陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語highpressureshowerheads和design之間是動賓關系，應用被動語態(tài)，且主語表示復數(shù)，be動詞應用are。故填aredesigned。【16題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：英國最近的一項研究表明，由于它們能提供強勁的水流，它們還可能鼓勵你更快地關閉水龍頭，從而節(jié)省更多的水。主句和從句的謂語完整，且空處和前面部分沒有連詞連接，空處應用非謂語動詞。結合句意可知，這里表示更快關閉水龍頭的結果是節(jié)省水，表示自然而然的結果，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填saving。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。IncitieslikeSuzhouandHangzhou,____17____beautifullandscapesmeetrichculturalheritage,thetrendofwearinghanfuforphotosandsocialmediacheckinsisontherise.NewChinesestyleisbeingapopulareverydaychoice____18____(accept)byyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyadoptingthisstyleacrossvariousaspectsoftheirlives.The____19____(bine)oftraditionalChineseelementswithmoderndesignisoftenreferredto____20____xinzhongshi,orthe“newChinesestyle”,whichhasbeengainingpopularitybothinproductsandactivities.【答案】17.where18.accepted19.bination20.as【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了新中式在中國的流行?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在風景秀麗、文化底蘊深厚的蘇州和杭州等城市，穿著漢服拍照和社交媒體打卡的趨勢正在上升?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，先行詞為cities，表示地點，且空處在從句中作地點狀語，所以應用where引導。故填where。【18題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：新中式風格正成為年輕人接受的一種流行的日常選擇，他們越來越多地在生活的各個方面采用這種風格。本句的謂語部分是isbeing，所以空處應用非謂語動詞。邏輯主語apopulareverydaychoice和accept之間是動賓關系，所以應用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填accepted?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：中國傳統(tǒng)元素與現(xiàn)代設計的結合通常被稱為“新中式”（newChinesestyle），在產(chǎn)品和活動中都越來越受歡迎?？涨坝蠺he，所以空處應用名詞，在句中作主語。bination意為“結合”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填bination?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意參考上題。referto...as...意為“將……稱為……”，為固定搭配，此處為被動表達。故填as。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A5DaySilkRoadTourfromChinatoCentralAsiaDay1Turpan,ChinaStartyourtripinTurpanbyvisitingtheKarezWellSystemanddiscovertheancientundergroundirrigationchannels,whicharestillmaintainedandfunctioningtoday.Fortherestoftheday,youwillvisitandstayatalocalfamilyrunvineyard,whereyoucanwalkaroundthefarmandtalktothelocalpeopletolearnabouttheirdailylifestyle.Day2Urumqi,ChinaAfterbreakfast,youwillbedrivenfromTurpantoUrumqi,theprovincialcapitalofXinjiang.Afterlunch,it’stimetovisitXinjiangMuseum,whereavarietyofartworks,handmadecrafts,andrelicsareondisplay.BeforeflyingtoKashgar,youwillhavesometimetostrollaroundandshopattheErdaoqiaoMarket,thebiggestbazaarinXinjiangsellingvariousgoods.Day3Kashgar,ChinaYouwillspendarelaxingdayinKashgar,startingwithvisitingtheHandicraftsStreet,whereyoucanpurchaseanamazingrangeofhandicrafts,includingcopper,metal,andporcelain.Then,haveabreakatanancientteahouseandjoininwiththelocalpeople’sconversationsanddancing.Lastly,haveagoodnightsleeptogetreadyfortheupingroadtriptoOsh.Day4Osh,KyrgyzstanOshisthesecondlargestcityinKyrgyzstan.Here,youwillvisittheNationalHistoricalandArchaeologicalMuseumplexandenjoycollectionsofartifacts,handicrafts,andsculptures.Afterwards,youwillvisitJaymaBazaar,thelargestmarketinCentralAsia,whichhasahistorydatingbacktotheancientSilkRoadperiod.Ifyouareinterestedinsilk,youcanaskyourguidetotakeyoutoYodgorlikSilkFactory,whichhaspreservedamanualmethodofsilkproduction.Day5Ashgabat,TurkmenistanAfteracozymorningtrainride,youwillarriveinAshgabat,thecapitalofTurkmenistan.Let’sspendthedayvisitingtheParthianFortressesofNisa,oneoftheearliestandmostimportantcitiesoftheParthianEmpire.YouwillreturntothecityfordinnerandtakeanighttripattheAshgabatNationalMuseumofHistory.21.Onwhichdaycanatouristhaveateatastingexperience?A.Day1. B.Day2. C.Day3. D.Day4.22.WhatdoesthetourinUrumqiandOshhaveinmon?A.Stayingatalocalfarm. B.Shoppingatamarket.C.Visitinganancientcity. D.Dancingwithlocalpeople.23.Wherecanatouristvisitamuseumintheevening?A.Turpan. B.Kashgar. C.Osh. D.Ashgabat.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹的是中國至中亞絲綢之路五日游的行程安排?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day3Kashgar,China部分中的“Then,haveabreakatanancientteahouseandjoininwiththelocalpeople’sconversationsanddancing.(然后，在一個古老的茶館休息一下，加入當?shù)厝说恼勗捄吞琛?”可知，第三天在喀什的時候，會在一家古老的茶館休息，與當?shù)厝苏勗捥?，由此可知，第三天游客們可能有品茶體驗。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day2Urumqi,China部分中的“BeforeflyingtoKashgar,youwillhavesometimetostrollaroundandshopattheErdaoqiaoMarket,thebiggestbazaarinXinjiangsellingvariousgoods.(在飛往喀什之前，您將有時間在二道橋市場逛一逛，這里是新疆最大的集市，出售各種各樣的商品。)”可知，在去喀什前可以去二道橋市場逛一逛，結合Day4Osh,Kyrgyzstan部分中的“Afterwards,youwillvisitJaymaBazaar,thelargestmarketinCentralAsia,whichhasahistorydatingbacktotheancientSilkRoadperiod.(之后，您將參觀中亞最大的市場杰瑪集市，其歷史可以追溯到古絲綢之路時期。)”可知，在吉爾吉斯斯坦的奧什，你可以去中亞最大的市場杰瑪集市參觀，綜合以上信息可知，這兩天的旅行的共同之處在于可以在市場購物。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day5Ashgabat,Turkmenistan部分中的“YouwillreturntothecityfordinnerandtakeanighttripattheAshgabatNationalMuseumofHistory.(您將返回市區(qū)享用晚餐，并在阿什哈巴德國家歷史博物館過夜。)”可知，在土庫曼斯坦的阿什哈巴德可以享用晚餐后，在阿什哈巴德國家歷史博物館過夜，由此可知，游客可以在阿什哈巴德國晚上參觀博物館。故選D項。BBythetimeAlexSanburnwas13,hewaswellonhiswaytobeingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmorespecificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinapetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultipageapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,amercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallerychargesasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentmissionfeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.Notlongaftertheopening,HenryCameron,aprofessorandartist,happeneduponthegallerywhilewalkinginhisneighbourhood.Anexhibitionwasbeinginstalledatthetime,andsomeofAlex’sownworkwasonthewalls.Aconnectionwasformed,andAlexaskedHenrytohelpjudgeanupingpetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.GivenhowbusyAlexiswithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.LeoSmith,a17yearoldartistfromTorontosaysit’sabouttimethatavenuelikeLittleEGGexisted.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwe’redue,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.”24.WhathappenedwhenAlexwas13?A.Hewasrejectedbyajuriedexhibition. B.Hemissedthedeadlineforsubmission.C.Hehadhisfirstshowatalocalartclub. D.Hebecameaworkingartistsuccessfully.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLittleEGG?A.Itisfreeofcharge. B.Itisopenonweekdays.C.Itisaimedatyoungtalents. D.Itholdspetitionsregularly.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlex?A.Ambitiousandcreative. B.Loyalanddetermined.C.Modestandsympathetic. D.Honestandhardworking.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Artconnectspeopleworldwide. B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.Failurescandrivepositivechange. D.Chancefavoursthepreparedmind.【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是13歲的小藝術家Alex申請參加在一個評審展覽時因年齡小被拒絕，于是他創(chuàng)辦了一個專門為未成年藝術家提供展示機會的畫廊LittleEGG?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“Yethewantedmorespecificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinapetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultipageapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(然而，他更具體地希望開始在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品，在那里，藝術專家將在一個競爭性的評審過程中評估和選擇作品。就在這時，他遇到了障礙，在一份多頁申請的最后一行，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，在他想在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請的最低年齡是18歲；由此可知，在13歲時他遭到了一次評審展覽的拒絕。故選A項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,amercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，LittleEGG畫廊是一個專門為未成年藝術家開始的商業(yè)工作室，由此可知，LittleEGG畫廊的目標是年輕的人才。故選C項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動力?，F(xiàn)年15歲的Alex說：‘藝術界有一個空白，我想如果我能給更多的年輕藝術家提供機會，那就太酷了?！?”可知，13歲的Alex再被拒絕后，他認為能給更多的年輕藝術家提供機會是件很酷的事情，結合第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,amercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，他成立了一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室；綜合以上信息可知，Alex是一個有抱負和富有創(chuàng)新精神的人。故選A項。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultipageapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(就在這時，他遇到了障礙，在一份多頁申請的最后一行，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，Alex想在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品時，他遭到了拒絕；根據(jù)第三段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動力?，F(xiàn)年15歲的Alex說：‘藝術界有一個空白，我想如果我能給更多的年輕藝術家提供機會，那就太酷了。’)”可知，這次拒絕成為了他創(chuàng)造的動力；根據(jù)第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,amercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，他成立了一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室；綜合以上信息可知，Alex在失敗后而成立了專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室，所以，從該故事中可以學到的是失敗可以帶來積極的改變。故選C項。CInanewstudy,researchershaveunveiledinterestingfindingsthatlinktheconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydratessuchassugarysnacksandhighlyprocessedfoodswithchangesinfacialattractiveness.Theyfoundthatindividualswhoconsumedahighglycemic(血糖的)loadbreakfastwereratedaslessattractivethanthosewhoconsumedalowone.104participantswereaskedtoattendthestudyearlyinthemorningonanemptystomach.Uponarrival,theywereassignedtoconsumeoneoftwotypesofbreakfastshavingthesamecaloricvalues:onehighinrefinedcarbohydratesandtheotherlow.Abouttwohourslater,theywerephotographedunderstandardizedconditionstoensureconsistencyinlighting,background,andpositioning.Aseparategroupofraters,whowerecarefullyselectedtominimizeculturalbias(偏見),assessedthefacialphotographs,makingjudgmentsonoverallattractiveness.Toevaluatelongtermdietaryhabits,theparticipantspleteddetaileddietaryquestionnairesconcerningtheirconsumptionduringbreakfast,afternoonsnacks,andbetweenmealsnacksonthedaybeforethestudy.Thisinformationwasusedtocalculatetheglycemicloadandenergyintakeforthesemeals,providingaprehensivepictureoftheirusualrefinedcarbohydrateconsumption.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhoconsumedabreakfastrichinrefinedcarbohydrateswerelessattractivethanthosewhoconsumedalowglycemicbreakfast.Thiseffectwasobservedforbothmaleandfemaleparticipants.Theresearchersproposedthatthiscouldberelatedtothephysiologicaleffectsoflowbloodsugar,suchaschangesinskinbloodflowandcolour,whichoccurfollowingtheconsumptionofhighglycemicfoods.Whenexamininglongtermconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydratesthroughglycemicloadmeasures,theresearchersfoundthatahigherenergyintakeatbreakfastwasassociatedwithincreasedattractivenessforbothmenandwomen,suggestingthatfoodshighinfatsandproteins,whichdonotleadtorapidglycemicresponses,mightcontributepositivelytoperceivedattractiveness.However,theeffectsofrefinedcarbohydrateconsumptiononattractivenessvarieddependingonthespecificmealandthegenderoftheparticipants.Forexample,whilehighenergyintakeatbreakfastincreasedattractivenessacrossbothgenders,theglycemicloadofafternoonsnackshadoppositeeffectsformenandwomen.Menwithahigherglycemicloadduringtheirafternoonsnackwereperceivedasmoreattractive,butforwomen,alowerglycemicloadinthismealwasassociatedwithincreasedattractiveness.Whilethestudyincludessomelimitations,thefindingsserveasastrongreminderofthefarreachingimpactofdietarychoices.Furtherresearchisneededtounderstandthebroadersocialimplicationsofdiet,whichcouldprovidevaluableinsightsintotheplexinterplaybetweendiet,biology,andsocialbehaviour.28.WhatareParagraph2and3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchpurpose. B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchproposal. D.Theresearchbackground.29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchfindings?A.Sharpglycemicreactionsmightreduceattractiveness.B.Lowbloodsugarcouldimpactattractivenesspositively.C.Menwerelessaffectedbyrefinedcarbohydrateconsumption.D.Highenergyintakeatmealshadinconsistenteffectsonwomen.30.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Toexplainafoodpreference. B.Toillustrateabiologicalprocess.C.Topresentadietaryphenomenon. D.Toexploreaplexassociation.【答案】28.B29.A30.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，攝入精制碳水化合物如甜食和高度加工食品會影響面部吸引力?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Uponarrival,theywereassignedtoconsumeoneoftwotypesofbreakfastshavingthesamecaloricvalues:onehighinrefinedcarbohydratesandtheotherlow.”（到達目的地后，他們被分配食用兩種熱量相同的早餐中的一種：一種是高精制碳水化合物早餐，另一種是低精制碳水化合物早餐。）以及第三段中“Toevaluatelongtermdietaryhabits,theparticipantspleteddetaileddietaryquestionnairesconcerningtheirconsumptionduringbreakfast,afternoonsnacks,andbetweenmealsnacksonthedaybeforethestudy.”（為了評估長期飲食習慣，參與者填寫了詳細的飲食調(diào)查問卷，內(nèi)容涉及研究前一天早餐、下午點心和兩餐之間點心的食用情況。）可知第二段和第三段主要說的是研究方法。故選B項。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“theresearchersfoundthatahigherenergyintakeatbreakfastwasassociatedwithincreasedattractivenessforbothmenandwomen,suggestingthatfoodshighinfatsandproteins,whichdonotleadtorapidglycemicresponses,mightcontributepositivelytoperceivedattractiveness(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)早餐時攝入更多的能量與男性和女性的吸引力增加有關，這表明富含脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的食物，不會導致快速的血糖反應，可能對感知吸引力有積極的貢獻)”可知，富含脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的食物，不會導致快速的血糖反應，可能對感知吸引力有積極的貢獻，由此推知劇烈的血糖反應可能會降低吸引力。故選A項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inanewstudy,researchershaveunveiledinterestingfindingsthatlinktheconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydratessuchassugarysnacksandhighlyprocessedfoodswithchangesinfacialattractiveness.

”（在一項新的研究中，研究人員公布了一項有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即精制碳水化合物的攝入與面部吸引力的變化有關。）可知，這個研究的目的是為了探索精制碳水化合物的攝入與面部吸引力的變化之間復雜的關聯(lián)。故選D項。DWhenclimateactivistsgluedthemselvestotheframeofacopyofTheLastSupperatLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArts,theyreceivedafairlysympathetichearing.“Nopaintingisworthmorethanmysixmontholdnephew’slife,”saidaprotester,criticizingtheBritishgovernment’ssupportofthefossilfuelindustryduringtheurgentclimatecrisis.ButwhenprotestersthrewtomatosoupatVanGogh’sSunflowers,andmashedpotatoesatHaystacksbyMonet—thecensurerose.“Absolutelyabsurd,”saidthecultureministerofFrance.“Wehavebeendeeplyshakenbytheirriskyendangerment,”readastatementfromtheInternationalCouncilofMuseums.Theprotestersaretargetingworksthatareprotectedbehindglass—atleastfornow—soactualdamagehasbeenminimal.Andperhapstheangergreetingtheiractsprovestheirpoint:thatpeoplecaremoreaboutthethreateneddestructionofapaintingthantheactualdestructionoftheplanet.Butastheattackswearon,andtheirimpactdecreases,theyriskchangingintoajoke.What’sespeciallymisguidedabouttheprotestsistheirbinarynature.“Whatisworthmore,artorlife?”aprotesterasked.Whychoose?“It’spossibletoblamebothenvironmentalvandalism(蓄意破壞)andculturalvandalismatthesametime,”MarkPasnik,chairoftheBostonArtmission,said.Artisnottheproblemhere.Infact,contemporaryartistsaremakingquiteeffectiveworksabouttheclimatecrisis,preciselyusingartasactivism.MayaLin’sGhostForest,aclimatechangememorialshecreatedinaNewYorkCitypark,isonlyoneexample.“Ibelievethatartcanhelpusimagineandmapsustainablefuturescenarios(設想),and,indoingso,givepeopleawaytoseeandhopeforadifferentfuture,”Linsaid.Theclimateactivistsaresurelycorrectthatthepaceofreformisfartooslow,astheplanetburnsanddeadlystormsintensify.Buttheycasuallydismissthesincereeffortsofmillionsofpeopleworkingontheissue.ItwouldbeeasiertorespecttheyoungprotestersatJustStopOil,LastGeneration,andtherestofthesplashgroupsiftheyweretospendtheirtimeandenergyontheunexcitingbutessentialpoliticalworkaroundclimatechange:legislation,regulation,andwinningheartsandminds.Perhapspredictably,thedebatescausedbytheprotestshavenotbeenaboutclimatechange,butabouttheproteststhemselves.Givenhowlittlethey’vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“censure”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Approval. B.Criticism. C.Stress. D.Spirits.32.Whichideacanhelpexplainclimateactivists’action?A.Theendjustifiesthemeans.B.Artspeakswherewordsfail.C.Thefreedomofprotestshouldbeprotected.D.Artmattersinthefightagainstclimatecrisis.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thesolutiontoclimatecrisisliesinmunication.B.Galleriesshouldstrengthenregulationsliketheatres.C.Climateactivistsshoulddiversifytheirstrategies.D.Artattacksaremainlyaboutseekingattention.34.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.Alaunchacampaign B.assessadebate C.proposeasolution D.challengeapractice【答案】31.B32.A33.D34.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，討論了氣候活動家通過攻擊藝術品來抗議氣候變化的行為，以及這種行為的效果和影響?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“ButwhenprotestersthrewtomatosoupatVanGogh’sSunflowers,andmashedpotatoesatHaystacksbyMonet—thecensurerose(但當抗議者向梵高的《向日葵》扔番茄湯，向莫奈的《干草堆》扔土豆泥時，censure高漲)”可知，當抗議者向名畫投擲食物時，引起了人們的強烈反應，這里“censure”指的是對這種行為的批評和指責，故選B項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Andperhapstheangergreetingtheiractsprovestheirpoint:thatpeoplecaremoreaboutthethreateneddestructionofapaintingthantheactualdestructionoftheplanet.(也許人們對他們的行為感到憤怒，這證明了他們的觀點：人們更關心畫作受到威脅的破壞，而不是地球?qū)嶋H上的破壞)”可知，氣候活動家的激進行為是為了證明他們的觀點（即人們更關心藝術品的潛在破壞，而不是地球的實際破壞），這讓普通群眾對此感到憤怒，可得出氣候活動家的行動表明了A項“為了正當目的可以不擇手段”，故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Givenhowlittlethey’vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.(考慮到他們在引發(fā)嚴肅討論或吸引人們關注這一事業(yè)方面所做的努力微乎其微，藝術攻擊似乎更像是戲劇表演，而不是至關重要的違法行為)”可知，作者認為氣候活動家的藝術攻擊行為更像是為了吸引注意力，而不是為了真正解決氣候危機，故選D項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenclimateactivistsgluedthemselvestotheframeofacopyofTheLastSupperatLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArts,theyreceivedafairlysympathetichearing.“Nopaintingisworthmorethanmysixmontholdnephew’slife,”saidaprotester,criticizingtheBritishgovernment’ssupportofthefossilfuelindustryduringtheurgentclimatecrisis.(當氣候活動人士將自己粘在倫敦皇家藝術學院一幅《最后的晚餐》復制品的框架上時，他們得到了相當同情的回應?！皼]有任何畫作比我六個月大的侄子的生命更重要，”一名抗議者在批評英國政府在緊迫的氣候危機中支持化石燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)時說)”、第二段“Wehavebeendeeplyshakenbytheirriskyendangerment(我們被他們的危險行為深深震驚了)”、第五段“Infact,contemporaryartistsaremakingquiteeffectiveworksabouttheclimatecrisis,preciselyusingartasactivism.(其實當代藝術家們正在用藝術作為行動主義的方式，創(chuàng)作出關于氣候危機的相當有效的作品)”以及最后一段“Givenhowlittlethey’vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.(考慮到他們在引發(fā)嚴肅討論或吸引人們關注這一事業(yè)方面所做的努力微乎其微，藝術攻擊似乎更像是戲劇表演，而不是至關重要的違法行為)”可知，本文討論了氣候活動家通過攻擊藝術品來抗議氣候變化的行為，以及這種行為的效果和影響，并對這種行為提出了質(zhì)疑，認為他們應該采取更有效的方式來應對氣候危機。因此，作者寫這篇文章的目的是質(zhì)疑和挑戰(zhàn)這種實踐，故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Foodhasalwaysbeenauniversallanguagethatbringspeopletogether.Ithasthepowertobridgeculturalgapsandfosterunderstandingbetweennations.____35____Actually,culinarydiplomacyisnotanewconcept.Ithasbeenpracticedforcenturies,withancientcivilizationsusingfoodasameansofestablishingdiplomaticrelations.Today,ithasdevelopedintoamoreformalizedpractice,withgovernmentsrecognizingitspotentialtobuildbridgesandpromotepeace.____36____Foodisdeeplyrootedinculture,andbysharingtraditionaldishes,countriescanshowcasetheiruniqueheritageandtraditions.Throughfood,peoplecangainadeeperunderstandingofanation’shistory,values,andwayoflife.Thisexchangeofculinarytraditionscanleadtoagreaterappreciationandres