高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講系列一

一、語言學(xué)問點(diǎn)：1.sharev.共享、合用：sharesthwithsbn.一份，股份/sharein共享，分擔(dān)。2.sparea.業(yè)余的，備用的：sparetime,asparetirev.抽出，勻給：sparemefiveminutes/sparenoefforts：不遺余力/sparenoexpense：不惜工本諺語助記：Sparearod,spoilachild.省了棍子，毀了孩子。3.arguewithsbabout/oversth：與某人就某事爭(zhēng)辯arguefor/againststh：贊成/反對(duì)…aguesbinto/outof(doing)sth：勸服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listento+賓+賓補(bǔ)(do/doing/done)getsbtodosthhave+賓+賓補(bǔ)(todo/tobedone)5.So+同一主語+助動(dòng)詞So/neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞+另一主語Soitis/waswith+另一主語6.should/oughtto/need/could/might/would+do/havedone7.except/but/exceptfor/exceptthat/exceptwh-clausebesides/inadditionapartfrombutfor=without8.Thefirsttime+從句Forthefirsttime：作時(shí)間狀語It'sthefirsttime+that-clause(完成時(shí))thefirst+名詞+todo9.mostmostofthe+n.(pl)/pron.themajorityof(the)mostly:主要地（狀）10.beequaltosth：與…相等beequalto(doing)sth：勝任(做)某事equalsth：與…相等(類似fit的用法)equalsbinsth：在…方面與某人匹敵11.compare…to/with…comparedto/with…12.agreatmanyagreatmanyof+the/these/those+n.(pl.)13.muchtoo+adj/adv(原級(jí))toomuch+n.(u.)toomany+n.(pl.)14.沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)sth+comeabout(主要用于疑問句、否認(rèn)句)sth+happen(表示偶爾、碰巧之意)sth+takeplace(多表示有組織、有安排)sth+breakout(指斗爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病等的爆發(fā))sth+occur(與happen通用)Itoccurstosbthat/todo…：某人突然想起…15.With+賓+賓補(bǔ)+n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phraseWith+賓+賓補(bǔ)+todo：表將來With+賓+賓補(bǔ)+doing：表正在進(jìn)展With+賓+賓補(bǔ)+done：表過去16.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的推斷方法：假如將句子中的"itbe"與"that"去掉，原句通順則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。例：ItwasinthestreetthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.二、語法專題──名詞的考點(diǎn)1.考察可數(shù)名詞與不行數(shù)名詞，尤其是很多不行數(shù)名詞在一定狀況下變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。2.考察名詞的格，即's全部格，of全部格或雙重全部格。3.名詞作定語。4.名詞及名詞短語的辨析。5.名詞與介詞，冠詞，動(dòng)詞的搭配。三、題型歸納──辨析型單項(xiàng)填空1.名詞的辨析名詞的辨析首先要留意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義區(qū)分，如parent指父親或母親，而parents指父母雙親；people指人們，而apeople指民族。其次留意可數(shù)與不行數(shù)時(shí)的意義區(qū)分，如:exercise指熬煉；而exercises指練習(xí)題或練習(xí)操；再次，留意同義名詞或近義名詞的區(qū)分，如:event指發(fā)生的重大事務(wù)、體育工程；incident指偶發(fā)事務(wù)；而accident指意外事務(wù)。最終還要留意近形詞的區(qū)分，如:cloth指布；cloths指各種不同用處的布；clothes指衣服(復(fù)數(shù))，clothing衣服(總稱)。2.動(dòng)詞的辨析對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的辨析，首先要理解動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物，如:reply意為"答復(fù)，答復(fù)"后面接名詞時(shí)需接介詞to,此時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞；后接從句時(shí)，則為及物動(dòng)詞。其次是要弄清動(dòng)詞的詞義區(qū)分，如:advise與persuade,前者指勸告、勸告，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程；而后者指勸服，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。最終還要區(qū)分各種非謂語動(dòng)詞間的意義與用法：動(dòng)詞的v-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)展或伴隨的動(dòng)作；v-ed形式表示完成或被動(dòng)；todo形式表示即將進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作等。3.形容詞、副詞的辨析對(duì)于形容詞、副詞，一是要留意近義詞間的區(qū)分，如:clever指對(duì)問題處理的圓滑；bright指對(duì)問題的反響快；wise指選擇的正確等。此外，如wide與broad;strong與powerful;interesting與interested;exciting與excited等。二是留意同形的形容詞與副詞，如:close作形容詞時(shí)意為"密切的"；作副詞時(shí)意為"接近，靠攏"。三是留意同根副詞的區(qū)分，如:hard與hardly,前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意為幾乎不。四是留意副詞形式的形容詞，如:friendly,lovely,lively事實(shí)上是形容詞，切不行當(dāng)作副詞運(yùn)用。五是留意形容詞的位置區(qū)分，如:present+n.與n.+present，前者指當(dāng)前的；而后者指在場(chǎng)的。4.介詞的辨析對(duì)介詞的辨析要從兩方面入手，一是介詞的詞義，如:across,through,past,over為動(dòng)作介詞，across強(qiáng)調(diào)從外表橫過，越過；through強(qiáng)調(diào)從空間穿過；past強(qiáng)調(diào)從側(cè)面、旁邊經(jīng)過；over強(qiáng)調(diào)從空中越過而不接觸，也可以表示越過一段間隔、空間等。此外，如above,over,on;with,by;of,to;to,for的區(qū)分。5.連詞的辨析連詞的區(qū)分主要在于：一是連詞的意義，如：when,while與as;because,since與for;whether與if;though,as與although等。二是留意時(shí)間名詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如：every/eachtime;thefirst/second…time;themoment;theminute等，它們都可作連詞，連接從句。三是留意副詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如:directly,immediately,instantly等。四是留意連詞的詞序，如:onlyif與ifonly,前者意為"只要"，后者意為"要是…就好了"。6.代詞的辨析代詞的辨析包括不定代詞，如:other,others,theother,theothers,another等；人稱代詞，如:one,it,that等與關(guān)系代詞，如:which與that;which與as;whose與prep.+which/whom等。1.Doestheteacher____youtogohomethisweekendA.allowB.consentC.agreeD.approve2.Afterthebigfire,thehousewascompletely____.A.harmedB.destroyedC.damagedD.spoiled3.Thehuntersaidhewasluckytogetoutoftheforest____.A.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.live4.____talkingwithhisGrandma,hewentawaywithoutsayingaword.A.TiringwithB.TiringofC.TiredwithD.Tiredof5.It'snecessarytohavesome____knowledgeforthisjob.A.electricB.electricalC.electronD.electricity6.Thephoto____onthewallwastakeninBeijinglastyear.A.hangB.hangingC.hungD.hanged7.OnNewYear'sDay,people,especiallygirls,alwayswearnew____-newhats,newcoats,newtrousersandnewshoes.A.clothesB.clothingC.clothD.cloths8.Hestaysup____intheeveningstogoonlinetogetthe____information.A.late,latestB.lately,lastC.late,lastD.latest,latest9.____isittoaskheraboutthatShedoesn'tknowiteither.A.WhatgoodB.HowgoodC.WhatagoodD.Howmuchgood10.____IhaddoneitIknewIhadmadeamistake.A.HardlyB.DirectlyC.mostlyD.Nearly11.ItissaidyouwenttoseeJennyyesterday.Whathasbecome___herA.fromB.ofC.intoD./12.Whodoyouthinkwillbeallowed____theretomorrowA.visitB.tovisitC.visitingD.visited13.TodaywecaneitherflytoHainanA.inB.acrossC.frominD.acrossfrom14.Youwillfindwhatgreatbenefitthecomputeryouowncanbe____eachtimeyouuseittohelpyouwork.A.forB.ofC.atD.on15.Ithoughthewasnot____ofaprofessorthefirsttimeIheardhimspeakingtothechildrenattheplatforminthehallofourschool.A.somethingB.anythingC.somebodyD.anybody16.We'vemissedthelastbus.I'mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection17.____studentshavegraduatedfromthisschoolinthelasttwentyyears.A.TensofthousandsofB.TensuponthousandsofC.TensinthousandsD.Tenthousandsof18.Thefarmersplantoproducethreetimes____intheyearbeforelasttomeettheincreasingneedofthepeople.A.ofcropasmuchthisyearasB.asmuchcropthisyearasC.asmorecropt