2024-2025學年新教材高中英語課時檢測四Unit1PeopleofAchievementPeriod4含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGE四Unit1Period4Ⅰ.閱讀理解StephenHawkingknewwhathewantedtodobythetimehewaseightyearsold.HisparentslivedinLondonwherehisfatherwasresearchingmedicine.Hedidnotwanttofollowhisfatherashisparentshoped.MathematicswasnotavailableatUniversityButwhenhewas21,hewastoldthathehadALS—anincurablenervedisease,whichaffectswalking,speaking,breathing,swallowing,andmanyotherthings.Thedoctorspredictedthathehadonlyafewyearstolive.“Thedoctor’sgrim(殘忍的)prognosis(預料)mademedeterminetogetthemostfromlifeIhadpreviouslytakenforgrantedandlifewasnolongerboringforme,”Hawkingsaid,speakingfromhiswheelchairthroughacomputerizedvoicesynthesizer.In1988,StephenHawkingpublishedabookcalledABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.ThebooktriestoexplainmanyofHawking’sphysicalandmathematicalideasandcalculationswithoutusingmaths.Thebookbecameabest-seller.HislaterbookswereBlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssaysandmostrecentlyin2001,TheUniverseinaNutshell.Ofthethree,thefirstonewasmadeintoafilmin1991.Hawkingsays,“Youhavetobepositiveifyou’retogetmuchsympathyorhelp.Nowadays,musclepowerisoutofdate.Whatweneedismindpower—anddisabledpeopleareasgoodatthatasanyoneelse.”【語篇概述】本文主要介紹了聞名的物理學家霍金對探討領域的選擇,何時患病,患病后的看法以及所取得的成就等。1.WhatcareerdidHawking’sparentswanthimtostudyintheuniversity?A.Physics. B.Geography.C.Medicine. D.Mathematics.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的二、三句“HisparentslivedinLondonwherehisfatherwasresearchingmedicine.Hedidnotwanttofollowhisfatherashisparentshoped.”可知,故選C。2.WhichbookofStephenHawking’swasmadeintoamovie?A.TheUniverseinaNutshell.B.BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssays.C.OntheShouldersofGiants.D.ABriefHistoryofTime.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段可知,文中列舉的霍金寫的三本書中,他的第一本書ABriefHistoryofTime在1991年被拍成了電影,故選D。3.Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthatbeforeheknewhisdisease,Hawking_______.

A.focusedhisattentiononhisresearchB.wasveryboredwithlifeC.alwaysvaluedtimeD.wasinterestedineverythingaroundhim【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第三句“Thedoctor’sgrimprognosismademedeterminetogetthemostfromlifeIhadpreviouslytakenforgrantedandlifewasnolongerboringforme”可知霍金在此之前對生活的看法并不主動,覺得生活沒有意思,故選B。4.AccordingtoHawking,hisdisease_______.

A.stoppedhimfrommakinggreaterachievementsB.stoppedhimfrombecomingmorefamousC.madehimfocusallofhisattentiononresearchD.causedhimtolosehopeofliving【解析】選C。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段末句“Whatweneedismindpower—anddisabledpeopleareasgoodatthatasanyoneelse.”可知,正是因為他的疾病才使得他把精力放在他最擅長的領域,故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀填句閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.Firstly,theteacher’spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.1.

Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaverealcapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofchildren.2.—notofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofchildren,whichcausethemtomakemistakes.

Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.3.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact—toenliven(使生動)alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.

Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.4,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.

Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.5;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnabout.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;mostimportantly,thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.

A.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-trainingB.CloselyrelatedtothisisthecapacitytobetolerantC.TeachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfectD.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlifeE.Thereisnocontradiction(自相沖突)inmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactorF.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustratedG.TherearetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtoday【語篇概述】本文介紹了老師應當具有什么樣的品質。1.【解析】選F。本段介紹了作為老師相貌平平無所謂,但是要具有人格魅力。但是性格上有問題的人就要解除在外,比如簡潔過于興奮,哀痛,冷酷或者懊喪的人就不適合做老師,故選F。2.【解析】選B。依據(jù)上下文可知,老師應當富有憐憫心,能夠理解孩子們的感情,對孩子們的不成熟的做法能夠寬容,故選B。3.【解析】選E。依據(jù)下文可知,表演也是老師的教學技巧之一,老師們?yōu)榱耸拐n堂活躍起來間或也須要表演,故選E。4.【解析】選A。依據(jù)上文可知,老師必須要有足夠的耐性,另外依據(jù)下文的wearenoneofusbornlikethat可知,這種實力不是天生的,在很大程度上是自律和自我訓練的結果,故選A。5.【解析】選C。依據(jù)上下文可知,老師恒久有新的東西要去學習,所以恒久不會特別完備,故選C。Ⅲ.完形填空DanteGabrielRossettiwasafamous19th-centurypoetandartist.Oneday,hewas1byanelderlyman.TheoldfellowhadsomesketchesanddrawingsthathewantedRossettitolookatandtellhimiftheywereanygood,2iftheyatleastshowed3talent.

Rossettiexaminedthemcarefully.Afterthefirstfew,heknewthattheywere4,showingnottheleastsignofartistictalent.ButRossettiwasakindman,andhetoldtheelderlymanas5aspossiblethatthepictureswere6muchvalueandshowedlittletalent.Hewassorry,buthecouldnot7totheman.Thevisitorwasdisappointed,butseemedto8Rossetti’sjudgment.

HethenapologizedfortakingupRossetti’stime,but9toaskwhetherhewouldjustlookatafewmoredrawings—thesedonebyayoungartstudent.Rossettilookedoverthesecondbatchofsketchesandimmediatelybecame10overthetalenttheyrevealed.“These,”hesaid,“oh,thesearegood.Thisyoungstudenthasgreattalent.Heshouldbegiveneveryhelpandencouragementinhis11asanartist.Hehasagreatfutureifhewillworkhardand12it.”

Rossetticouldseethattheoldfellowwasdeeply13.“Whoisthisfineyoungartist?”heasked.“Yourson?”“No,”saidtheoldmansadly.“Itisme—40yearsago.IfonlyIhadheardyour14then!Foryousee,Igotdiscouragedandgaveup—too15.”

【語篇概述】文章通過一個畫家的故事給我們講解并描述了一個人生道理:通往勝利的路沒有捷徑,任何時候都要信任自己,要經(jīng)受住挫折的打擊,不能輕言放棄。1.A.thrilled B.approached C.hunted D.admired【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)后面一句可知,老人拿著素描和畫作讓Rossetti鑒賞,那個老人是來探望Rossetti的。thrilled使激烈;approached接近;hunted狩獵;admired敬佩。故選B。2.A.or B.and C.but D.while【解析】選A。詞語辨析題。句意:這位老人有一些素描和畫作,他想讓Rossetti看看,告知他,它們有什么好,或者至少展示出潛在的才能。or或者;and并且;but但是;while在……同時。依據(jù)句意可知此處表示“或者”。故選A。3.A.amazing B.extraordinaryC.potential D.equal【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)“andtellhimiftheywereanygood,_______iftheyatleastshowed_______talent”老人想讓Rossetti看看自己的畫作好不好,是不是能夠呈現(xiàn)他的潛在的才能。amazing令人驚異的;extraordinary非凡的;potential潛在的;equal同等的。故選C。

4.A.worthless B.expensiveC.humorous D.satisfactory【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)下文“thepictureswere_______muchvalueandshowedlittletalent.”可知,他認為這些畫是毫無價值的。worthless無價值的;expensive昂貴的;humorous滑稽的;satisfactory令人滿足的。故選A。

5.A.rudely B.proudly C.awkwardly D.gently【解析】選D。詞語辨析題。依據(jù)本句中的“Rossettiwasakindman”可知,他是溫柔地說。rudely粗魯?shù)?proudly自負地;awkwardly尷尬地;gently溫柔地;故選D。6.A.with B.on C.without D.under【解析】選C。詞語辨析題。這些畫沒有什么價值,也展示不出什么才華。with帶有;和,同;一起;on在……上面;without無,沒有;under在……下面。故選C。7.A.lie B.rush C.salute D.owe【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)上半句“Hewassorry”和后面的but可推知,他很愧疚,但是不好意思對老人說謊。lie說謊;rush沖,闖;salute行禮致敬,打招呼;owe欠,欠錢。故選A。8.A.refuse B.expect C.confirm D.doubt【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)下文老人想讓Rossetti再看一些畫,可知,他很期盼Rossetti的評價。refuse拒絕;expect期望;confirm確認;doubt懷疑。故選B。9.A.hesitated B.offered C.threatened D.hated【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)語境推理,老人又想讓Rossetti看畫,又怕會耽擱Rossetti的時間,所以會遲疑一下。hesitated遲疑;offered供應;threatened威逼;hated憎恨。故選A。10.A.bored B.annoyedC.enthusiastic D.desperate【解析】選C。詞語辨析題。依據(jù)下文“oh,thesearegood.Thisyoungstudenthasgreattalent.”可知,Rossetti認為這些畫的作者有才華,所以會對這些畫提起熱忱。bored無聊的,煩人的;annoyed郁悶的;enthusiastic熱忱的;desperate令人無望的。故選C。11.A.career B.reputationC.personality D.promise【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)語境可知,此處表示畫畫這一事業(yè)。career事業(yè);reputation名聲,名譽;personality特性,品行;promise許諾。故選A。12.A.datebackto B.forgetC.remember D.stickto【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。依據(jù)前半句“Hehasagreatfuture”可知條件是他能夠努力付出并堅持下去。datebackto追溯到;forget遺忘;remember記住;stickto忠于,堅持。故選D。13.A.challenged B.appreciatedC.disturbed D.moved【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。句意:Rossetti可以看到這位老人被深深地打動了。因為老人最終得到了Rossetti的評價,他特別感動。challenged挑戰(zhàn);appreciated觀賞,感謝;disturbed打攪;moved打動,使……感動。故選D。14.A.voice B.praise C.proposal D.lecture【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。句意:要是我當時聽到你的表揚就好了!由于現(xiàn)在聽到這種贊揚已經(jīng)晚了,所以此處表示要是早些聽到表揚就好了。voice嗓音;praise贊揚,贊揚;proposal提議;lecture演講。故選B。15.A.late B.simply C.eagerly D.soon【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。句意:我感到垂頭喪氣,很快就放棄了。結合句意可知,此處表達早早就放棄了。late晚地;simply簡潔地,僅僅,簡直;eagerly迫切地;soon很快。故選D。Ⅳ.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The“selfie”isusedtodescribetheself-takenphoto,oftenfromasmartphone.Someonetakesabout10selfieseachtime,andheonlyendsup1.________(post)oneortwoofthose.Hepickstheonethathefeelsmakehimlookthe2._____(good).Inthatpicture,hegainsconfidence.Forthatmoment,everythingbadorterriblethathashappenedtohim3.___________(remove),becausethatsmileiswhatgiveshimthe4.___________(determine)tolovehimself.

Iread5.___________poemrecentlyandtheyoungmansaid,“IfIaskyou6.___________youlove,theanswerswillmostlikelyrolloffyourtongue.Youlovetoread.Youlovetowrite.Youloveyourmom,yourdaughter,oryourfriends.Howlongdoyouthinkyoucangoonandonbeforeyousay’Ilove7.___________(I)’”

Thatstatementhitmelikeatonofbricks.I’vestruggledwith8.___________(confident)allmylife.Istilldo.AndinnowayamIsayingthattakingaselfieisagateway9.___________confidence.However,theselfiedoesdeservesomecreditforallowingindividuals10.___________(express)themselves.

【語篇概述】為什么越來越多的人喜愛自拍?自拍會提高你的自信念,自拍會讓你更好地表達自己。1.【解析】posting?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。endupdoing以……而告終,故填posting。2.【解析】best?？疾樾稳菰~最高級。人們都會選擇自認為最美麗的照片發(fā)在網(wǎng)上,所以用best。3.【解析】isremoved?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:在這個時候,無論是好的還是壞的都會被去除掉。全文是一般現(xiàn)在時,所以用被動語態(tài),故填isremoved。4.【解析】determination?？疾槊~。微笑給了他愛自己的決心,所以用名詞determination放在定冠詞the后,故填determination。5.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。我最近讀過一首詩。所以用a表示一個,故填a。6.【解析】what?？疾橘e語從句。依據(jù)回答可知問題是:你愛什么,故填what。7.【解析】myself?？疾榇~。文章講的是自拍讓人們自愛自信,所以用myself。8.【解析】confidence?？疾樵~性轉換。作介詞的賓語,應當用名詞。9.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。agatewaytosomeplace通往某處的入口,故填to。10.【解析】toexpress。考查非謂語動詞。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事,不定式作賓語補足語,固定結構。閱讀理解(2024·伊春高二檢測)“Ireallywroteitforme,ItwaswhatIfoundfunnyandwhatIliked”.ThosearethewordsofJ.K.Rowling,authoroftheenormouslypopularHarryPotterbooks.Thequotereferstothefirstinaseriesofnovelsfeaturingayoungcharacterwhohascarvedoutapermanentplaceforhiscreatorintheworldofchildren’sliterature.JoanneKathleenRowlingwasborninEnglandin1965,andwroteherfirststoryattheageofsix.Shewasinhermid-20swhentheideafortheHarryPotternovelscametoher,duringalongtrainride.Bytheendofthatjourney,shesays,thecharacterofHarryandtheschoolforwizardswhichheattendsweremoreorlessfullyformedinhermind.Itwouldbeseveralyears,however,beforethenovelwascompleted.Bythattime,Rowlinghadbeenthroughafailedmarriage.Livingonwelfareasasingleparent,shewroteaboutHarryPotterwhilesittinginanEdinburghcaféwithherdaughterasleepbesideher.ShecouldnothavedreamedofthefameandsuccesswhichHarrywouldbringherintheyearstocome.HarryPotterisnotyouraveragesuperhero.Heis12yearsold,skinny,wearsglasses,andtendstoworryalot.Yet,hehascapturedtheimaginationofchildrenandadultstheworldover,andhasintroducedmillionstothejoysofreading.Harry’sappealstemsfromhisroleasaveryordinaryboywhofindshimselfinextraordinarysituations.Orphanedasababy,Harryspendsthenext10yearsbeingmistreatedbytheawfulrelativeswithwhomhelives.Onhis11thbirthday,helearnsthathepossessesmagicalpowersandisadmittedfortrainingattheHogwartsSchoolofWitchcraftandWizardry.TheadventuresofHarryandhisfriendsattheschoolaresuperblynarratedbyJ.K.Rowling.Shemanagestoleadhermillionsofreadersdeepintotheworldofthesupernatural,whileatthesametimedeali