遼寧省普通高中2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期期初模擬考試英語試題（解析版）

高中英語試卷遼寧省普通高中2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期期初模擬考試英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Buyaglass. B.Attendaconference. C.Pickoutadoll.【答案】A【原文】M:IsyourconferenceinPrague?CouldIaskyouafavor?W:Sure,aslongasitisn’taboutpickingoutdollsforallyourrelatives.M:No,IbrokeadrinkingglassIboughtthere,socouldyougetmeone?2.Wherearetheoldcases?A.Intheboxes. B.Inthebookcase. C.Inthedrawers.【答案】C【原文】M:DoyoulikethewayIorganizedthefilesinthebookcase,Ms.Stanford?W:Yes,you’vedoneagoodjoboforganizingthem,butwhatdidyoudowiththeoldcasesintheyellowboxes?M:Imovedthoseintothedrawers,sincewedon’tusethemveryoften.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Agame. B.Aparty. C.Afestival.【答案】C【原文】M:WatchthisTVprogram.Whataretheydoing?W:TheyarecelebratingHalloween.M:Howdotheycelebrateit?W:Well,childrenusuallydressupinscaryclothesandplaytricksonothers.4.WhydidthemangotoItaly?A.Totakephotos. B.Toexhibitatagallery.C.Totryarestaurant.【答案】A【原文】W:HowwasyourtriptoItaly?M:Incredible.TheColosseumwasamazing,PisawasbeautifulbutthemagicofVenicewasthebest.IgotsomeamazingphotostherethatI’llbeabletoexhibitatthegallery.W:Great,let’smeetattherestaurantandgothroughwhatwecanshow.5.Whateventdidthemanparticipatein?A.Wasterecycling. B.Beachcleaning. C.Treeplanting.【答案】B【原文】W:So,what’snextwiththeenvironmentclub,Sammy?Treeplanting?M:Well,wejustcollectedbeachrubbishandlearnedaboutkeepingouroceansclean.So,thistimewe’reintotheforestforclean-up.Maybewe’llfindsomerecyclablegarbagethisweekend.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.WhydidGarethJonesquitthegamehalfway?A.Hegothurt.B.Hewastootired.C.Hebrokematchrules.7.WhatwillthespeakersdonextSaturday?A.VisitGareth. B.Seeagame. C.Playamatch.【答案】6.A7.B【詳解】W:DidyouseetheFrance-WalesmatchonTVlastnight?Exciting!Waleswon!Everyonewasoverthemoon!M:Yeah,Iwastoo.Iwatcheditwithmydad.WhydidGarethJonesquithalfwaythough—didtherefereedecidehewasinthewrong?W:No,6hedidsomethingtohisankle,didn’the?M:Oh,right.Idon’tthinkit’sseriousthough.He’sintheteamfornextSaturday.W:Great,I’llbewatchingthattoo.Doyouwanttocomeroundtomyplaceandwatchitwithme?M:Wow,goodidea.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Danni’smom. B.Theman’sattitude. C.Doctors’devotion.9.Howhasthecathelpedthewoman’smother?A.Bysendingherflowers.B.Byprovidingcompany.C.Byregulatingheralife.【答案】8.A9.B【原文】M:Danni,how’syourmom?W:She’smuchbetternow.Thanks,Tom.Shewantedmetothankyoufortheflowersandsaidtheywerebeautiful.It’salovelygesture.It’sniceknowingthecommunitycaresabouther.M:It’sareliefknowingthatwiththeoperationshe’llmovearoundbetterandliveamorecomfortablelife.W:Yeah,althoughitishardattimes.Ithinkthecathashelpedtoo.It’sbeenasourceofcomfortandmadehersmileregularly.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.WhydoesthemanlikeRussiannovels?A.Becausetheyarewelltranslated.B.Becausetheyhelphimtofallasleep.C.Becausetheyconcentrateonpeople’sordinarylives.11.Forwhatdoesthewomandomuchreading?A.Pleasure. B.Novelwriting. C.Herwork.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?A.ShelikesJoyce’snovels.B.Shehasbeenbusyrecently.C.Shereadsmuchtoberewarded.【答案】10.C11.C12.B【原文】W:John,whatkindofbooksdoyoulike?M:Well,IlikeRussiannovelsbecausethegreatestwritersdealwithpeople’sdailylife—whywedothethingswedo,whatwedotorealizeourdreams,etc.OtherthingsIlikereadingaretheworksoftheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Whataboutyou,Laura?W:Well,atthemomentIdosomuchbackgroundreadingformyworkasatranslator.It’srewarding—don’tgetmewrong.Ithelpsmebeexactinmyjob.Ireallyusedtoenjoyfiction.ButnowIdon’tparticularlyreadforpleasurebecauseIdon’thavethetime.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.Whatdoesthewomanintendtodo?A.Getapartinaplay.B.Knowmoreaboutarole.C.Rememberthelineofaplay.14.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Giveheraleadrole.B.Getheracopyoftheplay.C.Helpherprepareforthetryouts.15.Whatistheman?A.Anactor. B.Adirector. C.Ateacher.16.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inatheater. B.Inacollege. C.Inacompany.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.A【原文】M:Areyouinterestedintryingoutfortheplay,Barbara?W:Oh,yes.M:Whatpartareyouinterestedin?W:Well,I’dliketotryforaleadrole,butI’dbehappytohaveanypart.Youknow,I’vebeenstudyingtheplaydayandnight,andIreallybelieveIcangetarole.M:Well,you’reofftoagoodstart.Ilikethat.Ifyouneedanyassistancegettingreadyforthetryouts,I’llbehereonMondayeveningnextweek.W:Thatwouldbewonderful!Everyonesaysyouareagreatdirector.M:Well,thankyou,butthatwon’tgetyouthepart.Hardworkandeffortmight,though.WillIseeyouhereatthetheater?W:Yes.I’mlookingforwardtoit.I’llstudyallweekend,andbyMondayI’llknoweverylineintheplay.M:Oh,no.Whatyoumustdoischooseascenethatwillbestshowyouractingtalent.W:Oh,Isee.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhatkindofplacedoesPartyTimeEventsprovide?A.Restaurants. B.Boats. C.Offices.18.WhatarelistenersadvisedtodiscusswithMr.Johnson?A.Howmuchtopayfortherent.B.Howtoarrangeatmosphereforaparty.C.Howmanycoursestoprepareforameal.19.Whatdopeopleneedtopayextrafor?A.Countrymusic. B.Dancemusic. C.Liveentertainment.20.WhereistheofficeofPartyTimeEvents?A.Nexttoabar.B.Atthebackofabar.C.InfrontoftheLochmeadLeisureCenter.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】W:Areyouthinkingofhavingacelebrationbutaren’tsurewhattodoorwheretogo?PartyTimeEventsofferanoriginalandpopularplacetocelebrateanyevent,anditisperfectforofficeparties.Wehaveboatsavailable12monthsoftheyeartoentertaingroupsofbetween10and50people.Tripsareusuallybetweentwoandfivehours,andcantakeplaceintheeveningorafternoon.Wecansupplyadeliciousthree-coursemeal—allpreparedonboardofcoursebyourtopchefs.However,wedoaskyoutoorderyourmealatleastoneweekbeforetheevent.PleasefeelfreetotalkwithMr.Johnson,ourgeneralmanager,inordertoarrangetheperfectatmosphereforyourparty.With15years’experience,we’reabletomakesuggestionstosuitanymood.Thepriceofhiringtheboatincludescountryordancemusic.Wecanalsosupplyliveentertainmentatanextracost,whichvariesfromjazzbandstoacomedyshowormagician.Youcanbookthroughourwebsiteorbytelephone.Alternativelyyoucancometoouroffice,whichisintheLochmeadLeisureCenter.Ourofficeisatthebackofthecenterbesidethebar,andourstaffwillbeveryhappytodiscussyourarrangements.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAptitudeTestsRecommendationsAptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou’remostlikelytosucceedin.Belowaresomeofthebestaptitudetestsoutthere.CliftonStrengthsTheCliftonStrengthsprogramwascreatedbasedonresearcharoundleadership.Theresearchinquestionpointedtocommonstrengthsamongsuccessfulleaders,likestrategicthinking,adaptabilityandcommunication.Tocompletethetest,youmustansweraround150questions,eachwithin20seconds.AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen’taseasilygamed”.RedBullWingfinderDevelopedandtestedoutbypsychologyexperts,theRedBullWingfinderassessesyourthinkingunderpressure.Questionsincludeimagesorting,logicpuzzlesandleadership-relatedquestions.Onceyoucompletethetest,you’llreceiveaninereportandcareercoachingtailoredtoyourresults.SEIDevelopmentReportTheSEIDevelopmentReportisanextensiveEQaptitudetestthathastimedright-and-wronganswersthatassesseightfundamentals,includingemotionalliteracy,emotionalmanagementandempathy.Attheend,you’llreceivea20reportwithrecommendedcoursesonworkplaceEQdevelopment.CareerOneStopWhileitonlytakesafewminutestocomplete,theCareerOneStopSkillsAssessmentwillhelpyourankbothyourtechnicalandsoftskills.Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.21.Whatdoaptitudetestsmainlyassessforjobseekers?A.Theirworkethics. B.Theircareerinterest.C.Theirpreferredworkstyle. D.Theirprofessionalcompetence.22.WhatisauniquefeatureofCliftonStrengths?A.Itevaluatesleadershipskills. B.Itisdevelopedbyexperts.C.Itincludeschallengingquestions. D.Itoffersacomprehensivereport.23.Whichtestsuitsajobseekerwhopreferscategorizedsuggestionsandcareercoaching?A.CliftonStrengths B.RedBullWingfinderC.SEIDevelopmentReport D.CareerOneStop【答案】21.D22.C23.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹和解釋不同種類的能力傾向測(cè)試及其特點(diǎn)，為讀者（尤其是求職者）提供關(guān)于如何通過這些測(cè)試來了解自身職業(yè)潛能的信息和建議?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Aptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou’remostlikelytosucceedin.(能力傾向測(cè)試對(duì)所有年齡段的求職者都很有幫助。職業(yè)測(cè)驗(yàn)考察的是你的價(jià)值觀和工作方式，而能力傾向測(cè)驗(yàn)則是對(duì)你的技能進(jìn)行更客觀的評(píng)估，幫助你選擇最有可能成功的職業(yè)。)”可知，能力測(cè)試主要評(píng)估求職者的專業(yè)能力。故選D?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章CliftonStrengths部分中“AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen’taseasilygamed”.(科技博客作者艾倫·張指出，CliftonStrengths比一般的職業(yè)測(cè)試更有價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗恕安荒敲慈菀讘?yīng)付的棘手問題”。)”可知，克利夫頓優(yōu)勢(shì)的獨(dú)特之處是其中包括具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章CareerOneStop部分中“Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.(最后的職業(yè)建議可以根據(jù)相關(guān)度、年薪和工作前景進(jìn)行分類，再加上專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)或咨詢，可以提高你的技能。)”可知，CareerOneStop適合喜歡分類建議和職業(yè)指導(dǎo)的求職者。故選D。BEducationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13,andsheisconfidentandloveslearning.Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolongerexist.Theinstitutionwasabolishedasitwaswidelythoughtofasmorelikeaprisonorafactorythanacreativelearningenvironment.Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens,inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisalifelongpursuit.Everyyear,Shemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfortheyearwithahighlyattentive“teacher-citizen”.Shemsyisactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshewouldliketobeinvolvedintocontributetoandservehercommunity.Shealsospendslotsoftimeplayingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinallybeenrecognizedasessentialandcoretoourhumanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationisuniversal,andhighereducationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged(利用)asyoungpeopleteachoneanotherandusetheirdifferencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscuriousaboutatapaceshesets.Shestillhassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally:BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080,whatdoesitlooklike,whodoesitserve,andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?24.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A.Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.B.Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.C.Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.D.Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.25.WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?A.Itacceptsstudentsofallages. B.Itpromotescompetition.C.Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning. D.Itisallaboutplay-basedlearning.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory”inparagraph3mean?A.Tough. B.Satisfactory. C.Optional. D.Required.27.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnExampletoAll B.AVisionforEducationC.AChallengeforEducation D.AJourneyintotheFuture【答案】24.D25.A26.D27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是對(duì)2080年的教育的展望。【24題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.(直到2035年左右，教育系統(tǒng)的主要功能是為經(jīng)濟(jì)提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社會(huì)及其所有成員的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們未來教育的目標(biāo)是完全不同的。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.(學(xué)校已經(jīng)被不受年齡限制的“學(xué)習(xí)中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的學(xué)習(xí)中心接受所有年齡的學(xué)生。故選A。【26題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity(做人和人類歷史)”可知，做人和人類歷史應(yīng)該是全球兒童必修的課程，劃線詞mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社會(huì)及其所有成員的福祉。為了讓你們更明白這一點(diǎn)，我想舉一個(gè)2080年兒童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是對(duì)2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是B選項(xiàng)“AVisionforEducation(教育遠(yuǎn)景)”。故選B。CHaveyoueverseenyourcatordogeatinggrass?Theydosobecauseitcanhelptheirdigestion,andmanywildspeciesusenaturalsubstancestopreventandcontroldiseases.Thisiscalled“zoopharmacognosy”or,morecommonly,animalself-medication.Scientistshavediscoveredthattamarinmonkeysuseaspecifictreeresin(樹脂)asmedicine.IntheBrazilianAtlanticForest,scientistsfollowedseveralgroupsofthemtocollectdata.Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresinoneachother’sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites(寄生蟲).Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoidentifythepropertiesoftheresinandthusconfirmthatthisisindeedself-medication,theuseofitsuggeststhatcabreuvarepresentsacommonanduniversaldrugstorefortheresidentsoftheBrazilianAtlanticForest.Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheirmagnitudebyimprovingtheirhealth.Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.28.Whydotamarinmonkeysrubthemselvesagainstthetree?A.Theywouldliketodigestwhattheyeat.B.Theyaretryingtocurediseases.C.Theyareattractingcompanions’attention.D.Theyfeellikeoccupyingtheland.29.Whatdoresearchersfindthroughcamera-traps?A.Animalscanhelpeachothercleanthefur.B.Manyanimalscopymonkeys’behaviors.C.ResincanbeusedasmedicineforsomeanimalsD.Thecabreduvaisthehabitatoftamarinmonkeys.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnitude”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Characteristics. B.Populations.C.Flexibilities. D.Similarities.31.Whatisthepossiblesignificanceofthediscovery?A.Increasingtheproductionofresin.B.Promotingevolutionofcreatures.C.Motivatingthestudyofmonkeys’diet.D.Contributingtoforestconservation.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)物會(huì)使用一種特殊的樹樹脂作為藥物來療傷。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.(在其中一項(xiàng)日常研究中，研究人員觀察到絹毛猴在樹干上摩擦身體。起初，研究人員認(rèn)為它們是在標(biāo)記自己的領(lǐng)地，這是這種物種的常見行為。植物學(xué)專家后來證實(shí)，這棵樹是一種以其藥用特性而聞名的紅檀香)”可知，絹毛猴要在樹上摩擦自己是為了努力治療疾病。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresinoneachother’sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites(寄生蟲).(研究人員決定在樹腳的不同位置放置相機(jī)陷阱，以記錄未來絹毛猴的訪問。令人驚訝的是，記錄顯示許多生活在森林里的動(dòng)物來過這里。共觀察到10種。對(duì)他們中的許多人來說，這是第一次觀察到類似于自我藥物治療的行為。更令人驚訝的是，一個(gè)物種會(huì)成對(duì)地在對(duì)方的皮毛上涂抹樹脂。一般來說，這些物種似乎專門訪問樹來獲取樹脂，并從中受益，要么治愈傷口，要么擊退寄生蟲。)”可知，研究人員通過相機(jī)陷阱發(fā)現(xiàn)樹脂可以用作一些動(dòng)物的藥。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheir”以及后文“byimprovingtheirhealth”可知，紅檀香是一種寶貴的資源，所以通過改善它們的健康狀況可以有助于保持紅檀香樹木的數(shù)量。故劃線詞意思是“數(shù)量”與B項(xiàng)意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)對(duì)保護(hù)產(chǎn)生重要影響，因?yàn)橐恍淠镜南Э赡軙?huì)影響一些動(dòng)物的生存)”可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能意義是有助于森林保護(hù)。故選D項(xiàng)。DIsforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.32.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.33.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove. B.Tofightistogrow.C.Todominateistoharm. D.Togiveistoreceive.34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A.Objective. B.Reserved. C.Favorable. D.Skeptical.35.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature. B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality. D.Ittakespracticetoforgive.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“原諒是否違背人類本性”這一主題進(jìn)行了深入的探討和論證，通過對(duì)比不同的人類本性觀點(diǎn)，分析了原諒在個(gè)體和社區(qū)中的作用和意義。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.(在一篇關(guān)于寬恕心理學(xué)的早期論文中，Droll(1984)提出了一個(gè)有趣的觀點(diǎn)，即人類的本質(zhì)比寬恕所允許的更具攻擊性。那些寬恕的人違背了他們的本性，對(duì)他們?cè)斐闪撕艽蟮膫?。在他看來，寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時(shí)，也在損害自己的幸福，而這些人可能會(huì)利用他們。)”可知，Droll認(rèn)為寬恕的人違背了他們的本性，對(duì)他們?cè)斐闪撕艽蟮膫?，他認(rèn)為寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時(shí)，也在損害自己的幸福。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段所舉例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了全面成長為人類，我們既需要從別人那里接受愛，也需要向別人提供愛。沒有愛，我們與生活中各種各樣的人的聯(lián)系就會(huì)破裂。甚至常識(shí)也強(qiáng)烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不會(huì)促成和諧的互動(dòng)。)”可知，沒有愛，我們與他人的聯(lián)系就會(huì)破裂，控制他人的意愿并不會(huì)促成和諧的互動(dòng)；奴隸制是一個(gè)基于對(duì)他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的傷害和痛苦?！癋orexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?(例如，奴隸制作為社會(huì)和諧的一種模式發(fā)揮了多大的作用?)”通過以奴隸社會(huì)舉例，以反問的方式，來闡明試圖通過支配和權(quán)力來控制他人并不能帶來真正的和諧或幸福，即控制就是傷害。故選C。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.(從作為人類的第二種觀點(diǎn)來看，寬恕在個(gè)人和社區(qū)的生理和心理完整性方面都起著關(guān)鍵作用，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)研究表明，寬恕的結(jié)果之一是減少仇恨，恢復(fù)和諧。寬恕可以打破憤怒的循環(huán)。至少在某種程度上，與你疏遠(yuǎn)的人接受你的愛和寬恕，并準(zhǔn)備做出必要的調(diào)整。寬恕可以治愈人際關(guān)系，重新連接人際關(guān)系。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為原諒在個(gè)體和社區(qū)生物學(xué)和心理學(xué)完整性中的關(guān)鍵作用，指出原諒能夠減少仇恨、恢復(fù)和諧，并且能夠打破憤怒的循環(huán)。作者還提到原諒可以治愈關(guān)系，讓人們重新建立聯(lián)系。這些觀點(diǎn)都表明作者對(duì)于原諒持有支持的態(tài)度。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.(值得注意的是，當(dāng)我們從古典哲學(xué)的角度，即亞里士多德的角度來看，我們會(huì)看到潛在性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性之間的區(qū)別。我們不一定天生就有寬恕的能力，但我們有潛力去學(xué)習(xí)寬恕，并在寬恕的能力中成長。寬恕的現(xiàn)實(shí)性，它在沖突情境中的實(shí)際運(yùn)用，是隨著實(shí)踐而發(fā)展的。)”可知，最后一段主要傳達(dá)了原諒需要實(shí)踐的信息。作者通過引用古典哲學(xué)中關(guān)于潛在性和實(shí)際性的觀點(diǎn)，指出我們并不是天生就具備原諒的能力，而是需要通過學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐來培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展這種能力。因此，原諒并不是一種自然而然的行為，而是需要我們付出努力去實(shí)踐的。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Lyingawakeforhoursbeforefallingasleepisacommonproblem.Evenifyoucanfinallyfallasleep,takingtoolongtofallasleepcanleadtotoofewhoursofsleepaltogether.36Sopeoplehavingtroublefallingasleepalwayswonderhowtheycansleepwell.Parentsknowfromexperiencethatgentlemusiccanhelpbabiesfallasleep.Sciencesupportsthis,showingthatchildrenofallages,frombabiestoelementaryschoolchildren,sleepbetterafterlisteningtocomfortablemusic.Fortunately,childrenaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbenefitfromgentlemusicbeforebedtime.37Listeningtomusiclikelyimprovessleepformorethanonereason.Musiccanpromotesleepdirectlybyaffectingyourphysiology(生理機(jī)能).38Besides,itcanalsopromotesleepbybecomingahealthybedtimehabit.Manypeoplecan’tfallasleepquicklybecausestressfulandworryingthoughtskeepthemawakeatnight.Bylisteningtomusic,themindhassomethingelsetofocuson.Withtime,thepracticeoflisteningtomusicatbedtimebecomesmoreeffectiveasthebrainpositivelyassociatesmusicwithsleep.39Studieshavelookedatmanytypesofmusicandplaylistsbutthereisn’taclearansweraboutthebestmusicforsleep.Whatwedoknowisthatresearchershavetypicallyusedeitheraself-madeplaylistoronethathasbeendesignedespeciallywithsleepinmind.Oneofthemostimportantthingsonhowmusicaffectsaperson’sbodyistheirownmusicalpreferences.40Forthosewhodon’twanttodesigntheirownplaylist,onlinemusicserviceshavesteppedinandusuallyofferplaylistsforsleeporrelaxation.A.Itcanguaranteesufficientsleep.B.It’snaturaltowonderaboutthebesttypeofmusicforsleep.C.Thequalityandquantityofoursleepbecomepoorasweage.D.Listeningtomusiccanreduceyourstressandinspirepositivefeelings.E.Thiscanhaveaseriouseffectonaperson’squalityoflifeifitcontinues.F.Peopleacrossagegroupsreportbettersleepqualityafterlisteningtosoftmusic.G.Usefulpersonalplaylistsmayincluderelaxingsongsthathavehelpedwithsleepinthepast.【答案