上海市寶山區(qū)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)一模試題含解析

PAGEPAGE30上海市寶山區(qū)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)一模試題（含解析）(本試卷滿分140分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Bargainingwithasalesgirl.B.Shoppingwithhisgirl.C.Promotinganewproduct.D.Choosinganovelforhischild.2.A.Itsfacilities.B.Itslocation.C.Itscomfort.D.Itsprice.3.A.Fashionablepantsinbrightcolors.B.Somethingtomatchherbrownpants.C.Greypantsmadefrompurecotton.D.100%cottonpantsindarkblue.4.A.Listeningtosomeloudmusic.B.Practicingforaspeechcontest.C.Preparingforanoralexamination.D.Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.5.A.Themanneedn’tgohoppingeveryweek.B.Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.C.Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.D.Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.6.A.Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.B.Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.C.Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.D.Heunderstandsthewoman’sfeelings.7.A.Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.B.Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.C.Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.D.Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.8.A.Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.B.Sheisblackandblueallover.C.Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.D.Shehastogotoseeadoctor.9.A.Herbrothercanhelpthemanfindacheaperhotel.B.Themancanstayinherbrother’sapartment.C.Themanshouldhavebookedalessexpensivehotel.D.Herbrothercanfindanapartmentfortheman.10.A.Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.B.Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.C.Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.D.Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Themukbangerwasalittlefunny.B.Itwasatruecrimestory.C.Thegirlinthestorycouldn’tage.D.Theauthorwascuriousaboutit.12.A.Eatingwithlotsofpeopleiscommon.B.Thereissomethingsocialandcomforting.C.It’sawaytohavesomeonetochatwith.D.Connectingwithotherswhenthey’reout.13.A.Thewaypeopleeatfoodisn’thealthygenerally.B.Theaudience’sstomachscan’tagreewiththefood.C.Mukbangcan’thelpsettleseriouseatingproblems.D.Peoplecouldbeencouragedtoeataloneathome.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Youhelpedotherscuthair.B.Youhadyourhaircut.C.Someoneelsedidthecutting.D.Youcutyourhairyourself.15.A.Putoffthelight.B.Closethelight.C.Turnoffthelight.D.Gooffthelight.16.A.LearningEnglishcanbetricky.B.PhrasesareconfusingforEnglishlearners.C.Themeaningof“havemyhaircut”.D.Themeaningof“turnoffthelights”.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.WhatthemanplanstogiveJudy.B.Howhardtobuybirthdaygifts.CWhentochoosethebirthdaygifts.D.Wheretobuybirthdaygifts.18.A.Say“Icareforyou”toJudy.B.Justgiveher$100.C.Giveheragiftcard.D.TrytobuyarealgiftJudylikes.19.A.$100.B.Arealgift.C.Agiftcard.D.Perfume.20.A.Thewomanisashopassistant.B.Judyistheman’sgirlfriend.C.ThemanwillgiveJudy$100.D.Thetwospeakersagreewitheachother.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SOSmessageonthesandsavesmissingsailorsMicronesiaisanareaofthewesternPacificOceanwithmorethan600islands,____1____coversahugeareaofoceannorthofthelargeislandofNewGuinea.Recently,threeMicronesiansailorssetouttosail42kmfromoneMicronesianislandtoanother.Unfortunately,theygot____2____(lose),andthentheyranoutoffuel.Afteralongtimedriftingwithoutpowerintheocean,theylandedonthetinyislandofPikelot,morethan100kmfromtheirdestination.Pikelotisjust450meterslongand280meterswide.ThehighestpointonPikelotisonlyfourmetersabovethesea.Nopeoplelivethere,andthereisnowater.Thelittleisland____3____(cover)intreesandhassandybeaches.Threedaysafterthethreesailorssetoutontheirvoyage,theydidnotarriveattheirdestination,soshipsandaircraftintheareabeganlookingforthe____4____(miss)men.Butitwasalmostimpossibletodecidewhere____5____(look)becausetherearesomanysmallislandsandtheoceanissolarge.OneoftheshipswastheAustraliannavyshipHMASCanberra,which____6____(sail)fromAustraliatoHawaiiandhadahelicopteronboard.Duringthistime,thethreesailorsdecidedtowrite____7____messageonthebeachontheirtinyisland.TheywroteahugeSOSinthesand.SOSisaninternationalsignalthatpeopleuse____8____theyneedhelp.Luckily,peopleonanAmericanaircraftsawtheSOSmessageinthesandandcontactedtheCanberra.Ahelicopter____9____theshiplandedonthebeachandgavethemenfoodandwater.Soonafter,aMicronesianboatarrivedandrescuedthethreesailors.Theyareveryluckytobealive,anditwastheSOSmessageinthesand_____10_____savedthem.【答案】1.which2.lost3.iscovered4.missing5.tolook6.wassailing7.a8.when9.from10.that【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講解并描述了沙灘上的求救信息挽救了失蹤船員。【1題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：密克羅尼西亞是西太平洋的一個(gè)地區(qū)，擁有600多個(gè)島嶼，覆蓋了新幾內(nèi)亞島以北的大片海疆。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞area指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填which?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：不幸的是，他們迷路了，然后燃料耗盡了。get為系動(dòng)詞，后面需加過(guò)去分詞lost作表語(yǔ)，表示失去的狀態(tài)，getlost迷路。故填lost?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：小島被樹木覆蓋，有沙灘。此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Thelittleisland和cover為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填iscovered?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：三名船員起航三天后，他們還沒(méi)有到達(dá)目的地，因此該地區(qū)的船只和飛機(jī)起先找尋失蹤人員。空處需填形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞men，missing意為“失蹤的”。故填missing?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是要確定去哪里找?guī)缀跏遣恍心艿?，因?yàn)槟抢镉心敲炊嘈u，海洋又那么大?！耙蓡?wèn)詞+todo”為固定用法，空處需填動(dòng)詞不定式。故填tolook?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：其中一艘是澳大利亞海軍“堪培拉號(hào)”(HMASCanberra)，這艘船當(dāng)時(shí)正從澳大利亞駛往夏威夷，船上有一架直升機(jī)。此處表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，需用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，which6(sail)fromAustraliatoHawaiiandhadahelicopteronboard.是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theAustraliannavyshipHMASCanberra，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用單數(shù)。故填wassailing?！?題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：在這段時(shí)間里，這三個(gè)水手確定在他們小島上的海灘上寫一條消息。message意為“信息”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，且message發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，需用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a?！?題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：SOS是人們?cè)陧氁獛椭鷷r(shí)運(yùn)用的一種國(guó)際信號(hào)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“當(dāng)他們須要幫助的時(shí)候”可知，此處需用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。故填when。【9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：船上的一架直升機(jī)著陸在海灘上，給他們供應(yīng)了食物和水。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“來(lái)自船上的一架直升機(jī)”，可知，空處需填介詞“來(lái)自”，from意為“來(lái)自”。故填from?！?0題詳解】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：他們很幸運(yùn)能活下來(lái)，正是沙灘上的求救信息救了他們?！癐twas+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句子其他成分”為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型，假如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可以用who代替that，此處對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)“theSOSmessageinthesand”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，空處需填that。故填that。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.qualitiesB.benefitsC.networkD.completelyE.disappointedF.improvingG.motivateH.requiredI.effectivelyJ.essentialK.surveyedDon'tabandonthewrittenWordWaybackin2012,KyleWiens.CEOofIFIXwroteinablogpostforHarvardBusinessReviewthathewouldn'thireanyonewhousedpoorgrammar.Infact,he____11____allapplicantstotakeagrammartestbeforemovingforward.AccordingtoWiens,he’sfoundthatpeoplewhomakefewermistakesonagrammartestalsomakefewermistakeswhentheyaredoingsomething____12____unrelatedtowriting―likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.What'smore,hebelievesthatgrammarskillsindicateseveralothervaluable____13____,includinglearningability,professionalcredibility(信用)andattentiontodetail.AnotherCEOnamedBradHoovernotedthatgoodgrammarisapredictorofprofessionalsuccess.Honestlyaskyourselfwhetheryou'dhiresomeonewithapoorlywrittenresume.Willthispersonbeabletodeliveronyourbusinessplan?How____14____willtheybeabletocommunicateyourgoalsandexpectations?Howlikelyisitthattheywillbeabletosuccessfully____15____withothersandbuildyourbrand?Inshort,ifyouwanttosucceed―asabossoranemployee―goodgrammaris____16____.“Greatleaderscanunderstandhowtouseitwellincontext,”wroteKevinDauminanIncarticle.Asaleader,youmustbeabletomanage,organize,____17____andsupportyourteam.Strongcommunicationskillbothwrittenandverbal,allowyoutoaccomplishthat.Ifyousentanemployeepoorlywritteninstructions,howprobableisitthatyou'llbothbe____18____intheoutcomeandeachother?Writing,specificallybyhandhasnumerous____19____foryourhealthandwell-being.Researchershavealsofoundthathandwriting,inparticulartheformingofletters,isthekeytonotonly_____20_____yourmemorybutalsoformingnewideasandlearning.Infact,ifyouwanttoslowdownmentalaging,writingbyhandisyourbestbetbecauseitforcesyoutousemoreofyourmotorskills.【答案】11.H12.D13.A14.I15.C16.J17.G18.E19.B20.F【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解并描述了手寫文章的好處，以此作者激勵(lì)我們多用手寫文章。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：事實(shí)上，他要求全部的申請(qǐng)者在前進(jìn)之前都要參與語(yǔ)法測(cè)試。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，依據(jù)上文的Waybackin2012可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，依據(jù)空后allapplicantsto和選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)詞required“要求”，符合題意，requiredsb.todosth.要求某人做某事，固定搭配。故選H。【12題詳解】考查副詞。句意：依據(jù)Wiens的說(shuō)法，他發(fā)覺那些在語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中犯較少錯(cuò)誤的人，在做一些與寫作完全無(wú)關(guān)的事情時(shí)，比如擺放貨架或給零件貼標(biāo)簽，犯的錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)更少?？仗幮栌酶痹~作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞unrelated，依據(jù)空后likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.和句意可知，副詞completely“完全地”，符合題意，指完全無(wú)關(guān)的事情。故填D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：此外，他認(rèn)為語(yǔ)法技能還反映出其他一些有價(jià)值的品質(zhì)，包括學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)力、職業(yè)可信度和對(duì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)注。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞作indicate的賓語(yǔ)，依據(jù)空后“includinglearningability,professionalcredibility(信用)andattentiontodetail.”可知，這是一些品質(zhì)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，名詞qualities“品質(zhì)”，符合題意。故選A。【14題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他們能否有效地傳達(dá)你的目標(biāo)和期望?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞communicate，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，副詞effectively“有效地”，符合題意。故選I。【15題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們能夠勝利地與他人建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)并建立你的品牌的可能性有多大?beabletodosth.能夠做某事，固定搭配，所以空處需用動(dòng)詞原形，依據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)詞network“建立工作關(guān)系”，符合題意。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：簡(jiǎn)而言之，假如你想勝利——無(wú)論是當(dāng)老板還是雇員——良好的語(yǔ)法是必不行少的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，形容詞essential“至關(guān)重要的”，符合題意。故選J。【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：作為一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，你必需有實(shí)力管理、組織、激勵(lì)和支持你團(tuán)隊(duì)。依據(jù)空前manage,organize和空后andsupport可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞與之并列，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)詞motivate“激勵(lì)”，符合題意；beableto后需接動(dòng)詞原形。故選G?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：假如你給員工的指令寫得很差，你們對(duì)結(jié)果和對(duì)對(duì)方悲觀的可能性有多大?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，依據(jù)前半句“Ifyousentanemployeepoorlywritteninstructions”和選項(xiàng)可知，形容詞disappointed“悲觀的”，符合題意。故選E?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：寫作，特殊是手寫對(duì)你的健康和華蜜有很多好處。形容詞numerous“很多的”后需接復(fù)數(shù)名詞名詞，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，名詞benefits“好處”，符合題意。故選B。【20題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：探討人員還發(fā)覺，書寫，尤其是字母的形成，不僅是提高記憶力的關(guān)鍵，也是形成新想法和學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)力的關(guān)鍵。Thekeytodoingsth.做某事的關(guān)鍵，此處to是介詞，結(jié)合下文的“butalsoforming”可知，其后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，依據(jù)選項(xiàng)可知，動(dòng)名詞improving“改善，提高”，符合題意。故選F。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.AstudyfromSwitzerland’sUniversitédeGenève(UNIGE)lookedtoanswerthequestionofwhichcamefirst:adecreaseinphysicalactivityorcognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline?“Interrelationshipshavebeen____21____betweenthesetwofactors,particularlyintermsofmemorybutalsoregardingthegrowthandsurvivalofnewneurons(神經(jīng)元).”saidBorisCheval,aresearcheratUNIGE’SSwissCentreforAffectiveSciences(CISA)inapressrelease.“Butwehaveneveryet____22____testedwhichcomesfirst:Doesphysicalactivitypreventadeclineincognitiveskillsor____23____?That’swhatwewantedto____24____.”Earlierstudieshaveconsideredthatphysicalactivity____25____cognitivedecline.ButaccordingtoCheval,recentstudiesmay____26____thatpastresearchhas“onlytoldhalfthestory…sincethoserecentstudiesdemonstratethatourbrainis____27____whenitcomestoengaginginphysicalactivity.”ResearchersatUNIGEtestedthetwopossible____28____byusingdatafromtheSurveyofHealth,AgingandRetirementinEurope,asocioeconomicdatabasecoveringmorethan25countriesacrossthecontinent.Overthecourseof12years,105,206adults___29___inagefrom50togoweretestedeverytwoyearsontheircognitiveabilitiesandtheirphysicalactivity.Researchers____30____cognitiveabilitieswithaverbalfluencytestthatsawparticipantsnameasmanyanimalsastheycouldin60seconds.Theyalsotestedcognitiveabilitieswitha____31____testwheretheymemorized10wordsbeforerecitingthem.Physicalactivitywasmeasuredusingascalefrom1to4.A1indicatedparticipants“never”____32____physicalactivitywhilea4meanttheywerephysically____33____“morethanonceaweek”.Thestudyfoundthatthe____34____ofwhatpaststudiesconcludedwastrue―cognitiveabilitiesmostlyinfluencephysicalactivity,nottheotherwayaround.“Thisstudybacksupourtheorythatthebrainhastomakearealefforttogetoutofasittinglifestyleandthatby___35___cognitivecapabilities,physicalactivitywillfollow,”Chevalsaid.21.A.neglected B.prevented C.confused D.established22.A.formally B.separately C.individually D.casually23.A.attimes B.viceversa C.bychance D.inpart24.A.release B.admit C.confirm D.oppose25.A.prevents B.encourages C.influences D.reduces26.A.mislead B.contradict C.ignore D.indicate27.A.abandoned B.involved C.entertained D.processed28.A.factors B.elements C.options D.subjects29.A.ranging B.judging C.expanding D.varying30.A.balanced B.restricted C.surveyed D.measured31.A.observation B.reflection C.memory D.imitation32.A.concernedabout B.engagedin C.stoodfor D.gaveup33.A.motionless B.casual C.active D.passive34.A.consequence B.similarity C.difference D.opposite35.A.workingon B.reflectingover C.crossingout D.puttingoff【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.D31.C32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明白早期的探討認(rèn)為，體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力下降，而最近的探討發(fā)覺，認(rèn)知實(shí)力也會(huì)影響人們進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)的狀況。文章介紹了探討開展的過(guò)程以及這項(xiàng)探討的意義?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這兩個(gè)因素之間已經(jīng)建立了相互關(guān)系，特殊是在記憶方面，但也是關(guān)于新神經(jīng)元的生長(zhǎng)和存活。A.neglected忽視；B.prevented阻擋；C.confused困惑；D.established建立。依據(jù)前后文語(yǔ)境“Interrelationshipshavebeen…betweenthesetwofactors”可知此處指建立這兩個(gè)因素之間的相互關(guān)系，應(yīng)用establish。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們從未正式測(cè)試過(guò)先有哪種狀況：體育活動(dòng)能防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力的下降，還是反之？A.formally正式地；B.separately分別地；C.individually個(gè)別地；D.casually隨意地。結(jié)合后文“testedwhichcomesfirst”以及“That’swhatwewantedto”可知，探討人員還從未正式測(cè)試過(guò)先有哪種狀況，所以這是他們想要確認(rèn)的。故選A。【23題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但我們從未正式測(cè)試過(guò)先有哪種狀況：體育活動(dòng)能防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力的下降，還是反之？A.attimes間或；B.viceversa反之亦然；C.bychance偶然；D.inpart部分地。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“cognitiveabilitiesmostlyinfluencephysicalactivity,nottheotherwayaround.”可知此處是問(wèn)題是：體力活動(dòng)能防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力的下降，還是是與之相反的。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是我們想要確認(rèn)的。A.release釋放；B.admit承認(rèn)；C.confirm確認(rèn)；D.oppose反對(duì)。結(jié)合上文中“Butwehaveneveryet…testedwhichcomesfirst”可知，因?yàn)閺奈礈y(cè)試過(guò)，所以如今測(cè)試就是為了確認(rèn)哪種狀況先發(fā)生。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：早期的探討認(rèn)為，體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力下降。A.prevents阻擋；B.encourages激勵(lì)；C.influences影響；D.reduces削減。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“Thestudyfoundthatthe…ofwhatpaststudiesconcludedwastrue―cognitiveabilitiesmostlyinfluencephysicalactivity”可推知，早期探討認(rèn)為體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力下降，而最新的探討表明狀況正好相反。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但依據(jù)Cheval的說(shuō)法，最近的探討可能表明過(guò)去的探討“只說(shuō)明白一半……因?yàn)槟切┳罱奶接懕砻?，?dāng)涉及到體育活動(dòng)時(shí)，我們的大腦也參與了?！盇.mislead誤導(dǎo)；B.contradict反對(duì)；C.ignore忽視；D.indicate表明。結(jié)合后文“sincethoserecentstudiesdemonstrate”以及“pastresearchhas“onlytoldhalfthestory…sincethoserecentstudiesdemonstratethatourbrainis…whenitcomestoengaginginphysicalactivity.”可知最近的探討表明過(guò)去的探討并不全面，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但依據(jù)Cheval的說(shuō)法，最近的探討可能表明過(guò)去的探討“只說(shuō)明白一半……因?yàn)槟切┳罱奶接懕砻?，?dāng)涉及到體育活動(dòng)時(shí)，我們的大腦也參與了?！盇.abandoned拋棄；B.involved參與；C.entertained消遣；D.processed加工。依據(jù)到數(shù)其次段中“cognitiveabilitiesmostlyinfluencephysicalactivity”可知大腦也參與了體育活動(dòng)。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：UNIGE的探討人員利用歐洲健康、老齡化和退休調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)試了這兩種可能的選擇，該調(diào)查是一個(gè)覆蓋整個(gè)歐洲大陸25個(gè)以上國(guó)家的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。A.factors因素；B.elements基礎(chǔ)；C.options選擇；D.subjects科目。結(jié)合上文“thetwopossible”可知此處指上文提到的，是體育活動(dòng)先削減還是認(rèn)知實(shí)力先降低這兩種選擇進(jìn)行測(cè)試，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在12年的時(shí)間里，每?jī)赡陮?duì)105206名年齡在50歲到50歲以上的成年人進(jìn)行認(rèn)知實(shí)力和體育活動(dòng)測(cè)試。A.ranging（在肯定的范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)；B.judging推斷；C.expanding擴(kuò)大；D.varying改變。依據(jù)后文“inagefrom50togo”可知指“在肯定的范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)”應(yīng)用range。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：探討人員通過(guò)一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言流暢測(cè)試測(cè)試了參與者的認(rèn)知實(shí)力，讓他們?cè)?0秒內(nèi)說(shuō)出盡可能多的動(dòng)物的名字。A.balanced平衡；B.restricted限制；C.surveyed調(diào)查；D.measured測(cè)試，測(cè)量。依據(jù)后文“cognitiveabilitieswithaverbalfluencytest”可知此處指探討人員通過(guò)一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言流暢測(cè)試測(cè)試了參與者的認(rèn)知實(shí)力。后文“Physicalactivitywasmeasured”也是提示。故選D。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們還通過(guò)記憶測(cè)試測(cè)試了他們認(rèn)知實(shí)力，在背誦之前他們記住了10個(gè)單詞。A.observation視察；B.reflection反射；C.memory記憶；D.imitation仿照。依據(jù)后文“wheretheymemorized10wordsbeforerecitingthem”可知是進(jìn)行記憶測(cè)試。故選C。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：1表示參與者“從未”參與體育活動(dòng)，4表示他們的體育活動(dòng)“一周超過(guò)一次”。A.concernedabout關(guān)切；B.engagedin參與，從事于；C.stoodfor代表；D.gaveup放棄。結(jié)合后文“physicalactivity”可知指參與體育活動(dòng)，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：1表示參與者“從未”參與過(guò)體育活動(dòng)，4表示他們的體育活動(dòng)“一周超過(guò)一次”。A.motionless靜止的；B.casual隨意的；C.active主動(dòng)的；D.passive消極的。依據(jù)后文“morethanonceaweek”可知數(shù)字4代表著參與者一周主動(dòng)參與體育活動(dòng)超過(guò)一次。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺，與過(guò)去的探討結(jié)論相反，認(rèn)知實(shí)力主要影響體育活動(dòng)，而不是相反。A.consequence結(jié)果；B.similarity相像性；C.difference差異；D.opposite對(duì)立面。第三段中“Earlierstudieshaveconsideredthatphysicalactivity…cognitivedecline.”說(shuō)明白早期的探討認(rèn)為，體育活動(dòng)可以防止認(rèn)知實(shí)力下降，而如今的探討發(fā)覺與過(guò)去的探討相反——認(rèn)知實(shí)力主要影響體育活動(dòng)。故選D。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：Cheval說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)探討支持了我們的理論，即大腦必需通過(guò)努力才能擺脫久坐的生活方式，通過(guò)提高認(rèn)知實(shí)力，體育活動(dòng)也會(huì)隨之增多?！盇.workingon作用于，致力于；B.reflectingover反思；C.crossingout刪去；D.puttingoff推遲。依據(jù)后文“cognitivecapabilities,physicalactivitywillfollow”可知提高認(rèn)知實(shí)力，體育活動(dòng)也會(huì)隨之增多。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“Runners,toyourmark,Getset…”Bang!AndIwasoff,alongwithabunchofotherteenagecross-countryrunnersfromhighschoolsacrossthecounty.Thedaywaslikeanyotherfair-weatherautumndayinMaryland.Buttheracethatdayfeltuniquefromtheget-go.Foronething,Ilikedthecourse.Itwasmyteam’shomecourse,oneIwasusedtorunningduringpractices.Ittookrunnersalonganareaoflandthatincludedopenfields,hillsandevenwindingdirtpathsthroughasmallforest.Itwasabeautiful5-kilometercourse.Thisparticularracewasourteam’sinvite,andIwasproudtobesharingthecoursewithcompetitorsfromotherschools.Italsomeantalot―morethannormalthatmyparentsweretheretocheermeon.Withsomuchtoexpectthatday,Iwasreadytorun!AndIdidn’twanttobestuckwiththepackofotherrunners,asistypicalatthebeginningofmostcross-countryraces.Sowhenthegunsounded,Itookoffrunning,leavingeveryoneelseinthedust.Thefirstpartofourcoursefollowedtheoutsideedgeofalargeopenfieldbeforedisappearingintotheforest.Withinsecondsofthestart,Iwasfaraheadofeveryone,andallofthefanscouldseeit.Itfeltmagnificent.Butthatfeelingdidn’tlastlong.LittledidIknowmycoachwaslaughingtohimself,thinking,“Gabeisdonefor!”AndIwas.Mybodywastellingmetoslowdown.Mypride,however,said“No!Notuntilyou’reoutofsightofthespectators!”Iwasinagony,butIkeptupmypaceuntilIreachedtheforest.Onceinamongthetrees.Islowedwaydown.Ienjoyedmostraces,evenwhilepushingmyself,butthisonewasnotenjoyableintheleast.Ifinishedtherace,butinnowherenearthetimeIcouldhaveifI’dpacedmyselfwellfromthebeginning.EverytimeIreflectonthatcross-countryseason,I’mremindedofsomething:Prideisnosubstituteforpace.36.Whatisspecialtotheauthorabouttherace?A.Theweatherconditionwasgoodforrunners.B.Hewasfamiliarwiththehomecourse.C.Hetookprideincompetitorsfromotherschools.D.Hisparentscametosupporthimasusual.37.Theunderlinedword“agony”(paragraph4)mostprobablymeans.A.suffering B.comfort C.relief D.contest38.Whatresultoftheracecanbeconcludedabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A.Helefteveryonebehindandtookthefirstplace.B.Hetooktheleadfirstanddisappearedamongtrees.C.Hewontheraceunderthepressureofhiscoach.D.Hefinishedtheracebutfailedtoreachhisrecord.39.What’stheauthor’sreflectionontherace?A.Itisparents’encouragementthatleadstotheresult.B.It’sapleasuretoliveuptoyourfans’expectations.C.It’simportanttopaceyourselfwithnopride.D.Itishiscoachwhoencourageshimtofinishtherace.【答案】36.B37.A38.D39.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在參與一次跑步競(jìng)賽時(shí)，由于想把對(duì)手們甩在后面，因此打亂了自己的競(jìng)賽節(jié)奏，最終的競(jìng)賽結(jié)果不盡人意。通過(guò)反思這次經(jīng)驗(yàn)，作者悟出了一個(gè)道理：傲慢不能代替節(jié)奏。【36題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Buttheracethatdayfeltuniquefromtheget-go.Foronething,Ilikedthecourse.Itwasmyteam’shomecourse,oneIwasusedtorunningduringpractices.”（但那天的競(jìng)賽從一起先就感覺別出心裁。一方面，我喜愛這門課。這是我的球隊(duì)的主場(chǎng)，我習(xí)慣于在訓(xùn)練中跑步。）可知，作者對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)球場(chǎng)很熟識(shí)。故選B?！?7題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)上文“Mybodywastellingmetoslowdown.Mypride,however,said“No!Notuntilyou’reoutofsightofthespectators!””（我的身體告知我要慢下來(lái)。然而，我的自尊心卻說(shuō):“不！直到你離開觀眾的視線?。┛芍?，作者想要放慢速度，但是自尊心告知自己不能慢下來(lái)，由此可推知，劃線詞所在句子意為“我很苦痛，但我還是保持著前進(jìn)的步伐，始終走到了森林里。”agony意為“苦痛”。故選A?！?8題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Ifinishedtherace,butinnowherenearthetimeIcouldhaveifI’dpacedmyselfwellfromthebeginning.”（我跑完了全程，但假如我從一起先就能很好地限制好自己的速度的話，我所能達(dá)到的時(shí)間還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。）可推知，他完成了競(jìng)賽，但沒(méi)有達(dá)到自己的記錄。故選D?！?9題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“EverytimeIreflectonthatcross-countryseason,I’mremindedofsomething:Prideisnosubstituteforpace.”（每次我回想那個(gè)越野賽季，我都會(huì)想起一些事情:傲慢不能代替速度。）可知，作者對(duì)競(jìng)賽的反思是不傲慢地調(diào)整自己的步伐是很重要的。故選C。(B)Everlookatyourto-dolistandwanttorunandhide?Metoo.Butlifeismorethanworkinghardtofinishtasks,collapsingintobed,judgingthepast24hoursandoursuccessbyhowmuchwe'vemanagedtotickoff.Sohere’showtogetstuffdoneandenjoyyourselfatthesametime.1.RenameitMyfriendJimKwiksays,“Callyour‘got-to-do’listyour‘get-to-do’list.”It’satinychangebutamajorshift.Thinkaboutit.Yougettowalkyourdog,choosewonderfuldinneringredientsandgotoajobeachdaythataffordsyouthelifeyouhave.2.AddsomeactionInsteadofwritingplainremindersdownasmemoryurges,like“Dentist”and“Report,”addsomeverbsandresult-basedbenefits,like“Bookdentistandgetteethsparklywhite!”or“Completereportandletoutyourbreath.”Imaginethegoodfeelingattachedtoeachagendaitemandletitfuelyou.3.Trustthere’stimeHaveyouevernoticedwhenyou’reinarush,youmakemistakes?Likewhenyou’relateforwork:Youcan’tfindyourjeans,youhurtyourtoeonthebedbyaccidentandyoumisplaceyourphoneasyouheaddowntheelevator.Whenweoperatefromaplaceofcalm,stuffhappensfaster.Wefindwhatweneed.Wedon’tburnthetoast.Itcanbeassimpleassittingupinbed,takingtendeepbreathswhenyouwakeupandsettingasimpleintentionfortheday(notreachingstraightforInstagramandemail).4.AskyourselfthisHowareyouspendingyourdays,yourlife?Areyouhavingenoughfun?Canyourgot-to-dolistbeaget-to-dolistwithsomegoodmoodsdancingonthepageandanairof“Igottime!”attachedtoit?Yes,itprobablycan.Now,what’sfirst?40.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewithabout“yourto-dolist”?A.Choosewonderfuldinneringredientsandgotoajobeachday.B.Change“Dentist”into“Bookdentistandgetteethsparklywhite!”C.Remindyourselfyouhaveplentyoftimetodealwithdailyroutines.DKeepaskingyourselfquestionswiththeairof“Igottime!”41.Itcanbeconcludedthatthekeytogettingstuffdoneandenjoyingyourselfatthesametimeis___.A.A.astateofmind B.aget-to-dolist. C.amemoryurge D.aplaceofcalm42.What’sthewritingpurposeofthispassage?A.Tofindoutwhattodofirsteveryday. B.Toimaginethegoodfeelingoftasks.C.Toexplaintheimportanceoflifestyle. D.Todiscoverhowtoenjoydailylife.【答案】40.B41.A42.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四種在完成工作的同時(shí)享受生活的方法。【40題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)2.Addsomeaction部分中“Insteadofwritingplainremindersdownasmemoryurges,like“Dentist”and“Report,”addsomeverbsandresult-basedbenefits,like“Bookdentistandgetteethsparklywhite!”or“Completereportandletoutyourbreath.”(不要隨著記憶的沖動(dòng)寫簡(jiǎn)潔的提示，比如‘牙醫(yī)’和‘報(bào)告’，添加一些動(dòng)詞和基于結(jié)果的好處，比如‘預(yù)約牙醫(yī)，讓牙齒閃閃發(fā)光!’或‘完成報(bào)告，然后長(zhǎng)舒一口氣’)”可知，關(guān)于“你的待辦事項(xiàng)清單”，作者可能會(huì)認(rèn)同B選項(xiàng)“把‘牙醫(yī)’改成‘預(yù)約牙醫(yī)，讓牙齒閃閃發(fā)光!’”的做法。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Howareyouspendingyourdays,yourlife?Areyouhavingenoughfun?Canyourgot-to-dolistbeaget-to-dolistwithsomegoodmoodsdancingonthepageandanairof“Igottime!”attachedtoit?(你是如何度過(guò)你的日子，你的生活的？你的樂(lè)趣夠嗎？你的待辦事項(xiàng)清單是帶有一種躍然紙上的好心情以及一種“我還有時(shí)間”的氣氛的必做事項(xiàng)清單嗎嗎？)”可推知，要在完成工作的同時(shí)享受自我，其關(guān)鍵是一種心態(tài)。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Sohere’showtogetstuffdoneandenjoyyourselfatthesametime.(以下就是如何在完成工作的同時(shí)享受生活的方法)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四種在完成工作的同時(shí)享受生活的方法?？赏浦@篇文章的寫作目的是去發(fā)覺如何享受日常生活。故選D。(C)Uponreflectionoftheidealsocialmoralcode,withinonesentence,itwouldbe:beconstructive,notdestructive.Though“beconstructive,notdestructive”soundssensible,therearemanynuances(slightdifferences).Sometimesitisdifficulttodetermineifanactisexactlyconstructiveordestructive.Wecandecideifsomethingisconstructiveordestructivebasedondegree,forinstance.Sayyourpreschoolsonisactingupandbrokeaglassvase,evenafteryoutoldhimtostopgrabbingandplayingwithitseveraltimes.Yougetathoughtinyourmindtospankhimtogiveapunishmentforhisnaughtyaction.However,youstarttofeelconfusedaboutwhetherthiswouldbeconstructiveordestructive.Itmightshowhimthatnotlisteningtoyouandbreakingthingsisnotwelcome,butontheotherhand,spankinghimisanactofaggressionthatwillhurthimphysicallyandperhapsteachhimtouseforceinsituationslaterinlife.Thereisnoexactwrongorrightinthesemoments.However,throughyourownreasoning,youcandecidetowhatdegreeitwouldbebeneficialorharmfultohimandthesituationathand.Personally,Iwouldnotspankmyson,asIthinkitdoesmoredestructionthanconstruction.But,thatisjustme.Anothernuancetoconsideristhedefinitionwegivetoconstructionanddestruction.Forexample,forsomepeople,constructioncanneverinvolve