2023年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題-第3講動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（原稿版）

2023年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題第3講動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（解析版）考情分析廣東省卷近5年中考考點(diǎn)解讀考點(diǎn)題型2022 202120202019 2018一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)短文填空/call//sits一般過去時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空///語(yǔ)法選擇told answered 短文填空worked set cheered一般將來時(shí)語(yǔ)法選擇/willbring //現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空waswatching現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空hasworkedhasincreased短文填空been/beewritten 二．知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖用法∶表示事實(shí)、客觀真理，現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);在時(shí)間和條件狀一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)∶主語(yǔ)+am/is/are或動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)標(biāo)志詞∶頻度副詞：often，sometimes，usually；if,unless,assoonas,until引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的從句中；賓語(yǔ)從句中從句是客觀真理用法∶表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)∶主語(yǔ)+was/were或動(dòng)詞過去式標(biāo)志詞∶justnow，含yesterday系列，thismorning,含last系列,含時(shí)間+ago系列，inthepast，in+過去的時(shí)間用法∶表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)∶主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形或begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞∶inthefuture，tonight，含next系列,含時(shí)間+later系列,含tomorrow系列，if,unless,assoonas,until引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中用法∶表示目前正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)∶主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+v.ing標(biāo)志詞∶now，atthemoment，atthistime,look，listen，thesedays...用法∶表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)∶主語(yǔ)+was/were+v.ing標(biāo)志詞∶atthattime，atthistimeyesterday,過去的具體時(shí)間點(diǎn),含when/while的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用法∶表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的后果或影響現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)∶主語(yǔ)+have/has+done標(biāo)志詞already/yet;for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);sofar/uptonow；recently三．動(dòng)詞的基本形式及變化規(guī)律基本形式變化規(guī)律用法舉例原形原形(1)一、二人稱及第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Igotoschooleveryday.(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后Youmuststayhere.(3)助動(dòng)詞之后Idon’tlikerunning.Shewillgohiking.(4)祈使句句首Don’tspeakloudly.(5)動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to之后Iwanttosingasong.第三人稱單數(shù)(1)一般直接加s用在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)后面如：Hewalkstoschooleveryday.play—playslike—likes(2)以s、x、ch、sh、o結(jié)尾，加esteach—teachespass—passeswatch—watches(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,要改y為i再加esstudy—studiesworry—worries(4)特殊情況have—has過去式(1)一般在動(dòng)詞后面加ed用于一般過去時(shí)live—lived—lived(2)部分以字母e結(jié)尾的詞直接在后面加ddecide—decided—decided(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，去y為i再加edcarry—carried—carried過去分詞(4)部分以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫末尾字母再加ed用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+過去分詞stop—stopped—stoppedplan—planned—planned(5)不規(guī)則變化用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：be+過去分詞sit—sat—satdo—did—doneput—put—putbegin—began—begunwrite—wrote—written現(xiàn)在分詞(1)一般直接加ing用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+doingread—readinggo—going(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ingwrite—writinglive—living(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫末尾字母再加ing用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+doingbegin—beginningswim—swimmingrun—running(4)以ie結(jié)尾，改ie為y,再加inglie—lyingdie—dying四．六大時(shí)態(tài)的用法考點(diǎn)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)或主語(yǔ)+am/is/are用法(1)表經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Ioftengotoschoolbybike.我經(jīng)常騎車去上學(xué)。(2)表客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(3)在when,before,after,until(till),assoonas等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或由if,evenif,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)作Shewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨她將待在家里。(4)如果主句是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavehome.你離開家之前把燈關(guān)掉。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)頻度副詞:often,usually,sometimes,次數(shù)，倍數(shù)：once/twiceaweek,表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間：onMondays,everyday/week/month/year，if,unless,assoonas,until引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的從句中；賓語(yǔ)從句中從句是客觀真理考點(diǎn)二、一般過去時(shí)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)＋was/were＋表語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞過去式用法(1)表過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Igotupateighto'clockyesterdaymorning.(2)表過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作WhenIwasachild,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.我小時(shí)候常去那個(gè)公園玩。(3)語(yǔ)境中的一般過去時(shí)，還可表示“剛才，在過去”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。如：—Areyougoinganywhere?你要去哪里？—Ithoughtaboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.我原想著去拜訪我的姐姐，但是我改變主意了。(4)在since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。如：OurEnglishteacherhasworkedinourschoolsinceshecametoChina.我們的英語(yǔ)老師自從到中國(guó)以來一直在我們學(xué)校工作。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)justnow,yesterday,lastweek/year/month,in2008,inthepast,afewdaysago，onceuponatime,then,oneday,attheageof…考點(diǎn)三、一般將來時(shí)構(gòu)成(1)主語(yǔ)＋will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形；(2)主語(yǔ)＋begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形用法(1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Wewilletovisityounextmonth.我們下個(gè)月來看你。(2)“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事I'mgoingtostudymusicduringtheingsummerholiday.我打算在即將到來的暑假學(xué)習(xí)音樂。（3）表示位移的動(dòng)詞，如e,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,move等，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。WeareleavingforBeijingonthisFriday.我們這周五去北京。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon,tomorrow,nextweek,inthefuture,in＋時(shí)間段（intwodays），oneday,someday,fromnowon…考點(diǎn)四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)＋+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞用法(1)表示說話瞬間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。HeiswatchingTVnow.他現(xiàn)在正在看電視。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Iamreadingthisbookthesedays.(3)一些表示位置移動(dòng)的詞可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。(講解見一般將來時(shí))注意:在while(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。WhileIamdoingmyhomework,mymotheresback.我正在寫作業(yè)的時(shí)候，媽媽回來了。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now(rightnow),atthemoment,thesedays，look,listen,bequiet,hurryup,atpresent,atthistime,atthe/thismoment,when,while…考點(diǎn)五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)＋was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞用法(1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：①Iwasplayingbasketballwithmyfatherat10o'clockyesterdaymorning.②—Whatwereyoudoingfromseventonineyesterdayevening?昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)你在做什么？—IwaswatchingTV.我在看電視。(2)句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：ThestudentswerereadingtheirbooksloudlywhenMissBrownwentintotheclassroom.(3)句中含有while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主從句動(dòng)作在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間同時(shí)發(fā)生，則主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，while表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候；同時(shí)”。如：Iwashelpingmymotherwithhouseworkwhilemybrotherwasplayinggames.標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then,atthattime/moment,過去的具體時(shí)間（如：at9o'clockyesterdaymorning）,when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句....注意：when和while的區(qū)別1.when后面的動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞也可以延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，while后面的動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；2.當(dāng)主句和從句都是進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，只能用while引導(dǎo)，表示一邊做...一邊做...考點(diǎn)六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)＋have/has+過去分詞用法(1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，到說話之前已經(jīng)完成，側(cè)重于該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。如：Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。(現(xiàn)在知道了電影內(nèi)容)(2)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常和“for＋時(shí)間段”或“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/句子”連用。如：①IhavestudiedEnglishfor8years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)。(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)學(xué)下去)②HehaslivedinZhengzhousincehewasborn.從出生他就住在鄭州。(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)住在鄭州)標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Already9（肯定句）/yet（否定句，疑問句）,ever曾經(jīng),never從不,just剛剛,for+時(shí)間段,since＋過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過去時(shí)的句子,sofar/uptonow到目前為止,inthepast/lastthreeyears,recently/lately近期地...注意：在肯定句并且有for/since的句子，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，需要將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(×)Hehaslefthishometownfor3years.(√)Hehasbeenawayfromhishometownfor3years.他離開家鄉(xiāng)已有三年了。常考的短暫性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化情況如下：1.begin→have/hasbeenThefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已播放了十分鐘。2.borrow→have/haskeptIhavekeptthebookforaweek.這本書我借了一周了。3.buy→have/hashadTomhashadamobilephonesincehislastbirthday.自從湯姆去年生日后，他就買了一部。4.die→have/hasbeendeadHisgrandpahasbeendeadforthreeyears.他的外公已經(jīng)過世三年了。5.leave→have/hasbeenawayHehasbeenawaysincetwodaysago.兩天前，他便已離開。6.join→have/hasbeeninHowlonghaveyoubeeninthefootballclub?你加入足球社團(tuán)多久了？7.marry→have/hasbeenmarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.他們結(jié)婚十年了。做題方法：含有動(dòng)詞been的優(yōu)先考慮，如果沒有動(dòng)詞been,則對(duì)比選擇的動(dòng)詞，找出延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞注意：(1)for后接時(shí)間段，since后接表示過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。提問時(shí)要用howlong。I'veknownLiLeiforfiveyears.＝I'veknownLiLeisincefiveyearsago.我認(rèn)識(shí)李磊已經(jīng)5年了。(2)havegoneto,havebeento與havebeenin的區(qū)別：havebeento→“去過某地”(表示去過，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)，常與ever，never，twice等詞連用。havegoneto→“去了某地”(表示去了某地，人還沒回來)，只能用于第三人稱。havebeenin→“待在某地”(強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去到現(xiàn)在一直待在某地)，通常與一段時(shí)間連用方法技巧動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)在語(yǔ)法選擇中的運(yùn)用分析廣東省卷2022年中考真題可知，在語(yǔ)法選擇中，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查了一般過去時(shí)。在做題時(shí)，考生需要通過上下文語(yǔ)境判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。例：(2022廣東)She__39__herselfthatshestillhadalongwaytogoandthatsheshouldkeeppracticing…()39.A.tellB.tellsC.told動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)在短文填空中的運(yùn)用分析廣東省卷近5年中考真題可知，在短文填空中，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查了8次，其中動(dòng)詞的過去式5年4考(2次考查動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則變化，2次考查動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則變化)，動(dòng)詞的原形5年1考(考查動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則變化)，動(dòng)詞的過去分詞5年2考(考查動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則變化)。1.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式。(1)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用原形。例：(2021廣東)HisChinesenameisPanWeilian.HisChinesefriends__68__him“LaoPan.”(2)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)或不定代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例：(2017廣東)Atmealtimes,noone__74__atthediningtablefortheirfood.“Everyonejustrunsintothekitchen,takestheirfoodandthengoesbacktotheirscreen，”Mrs.Smithexplains.2.在一般過去時(shí)中，動(dòng)詞用過去式。(1)and/or連接的并列的動(dòng)詞過去式。例：(2021廣東)In1988,LaoPanfirstcametoChinaand__69__asateacheratauniversity.(2)根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷時(shí)態(tài)。(2020廣東)Withthehelpofhermother,Jane__72__upherfirstlemonadestand(攤檔).Inaweek,itmade$52．(3)主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致，當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句通常也用過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例：(2018廣東)Eachtimetheywereabouttogiveup,theirfather__78__themuppatiently.Bothbrothersweresosadaboutthejobatfirst,butafterpletingthetask,theyfeltasenseofpride,andsodidtheirfather.3.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。例：(2022廣東)Teawasn'tintroducedintoEuropeuntiltheearly17thcentury.Andnowithas__72__popularinEuropeandAmerica.提升訓(xùn)練一、語(yǔ)法選擇（時(shí)態(tài)專練）Iknockedintoastrangerashewalkedbyme."Oh,excuseme,"Isaid.He1.withasmileandsaid,"Pleaseexcusemetoo.Iwasn'twatchingoutforyou.Weapologizedandleft.Laterthatday,whenI2.,mydaughterstandingtooclosetome.WhenIturnedtoreachforsomemilk,Inearlyknockedherover."Youshould3.outoftheway!"Ishouted.Shewalkedawaysadly.ButI4.feelthatIhadtoapologizetoher.WhileIwasinbedthatevening,myhusbandsaidtome,"Whiledealingwithastranger,youwerepolite,butwiththeoneyou5.,youwereunkind.Yourdaughterbroughtyousomeflowersthatshepickedherselfthisafternoon.You6.theminthekitchenbythedoor.Haveyou7.thetearsinhereyes?"Iquietlywentandkneltdownbymydaughter’sbed.＂Honey，Iamsosorry.Arethesetheflowersyoupickedforme?＂Isaid.＂Ifoundthembythetree.Ipickedthemforyou.Iknewyoulikethem，especiallytheblueones，”shesaid.Itearfullyreplied,"Sweetie,I'mreallysorryforthewayI9.today.Ishouldn'thaveshoutedatyou.""It'sokay.Iloveyouanyway,"shesaidasshekissedmeonmycheek.Ifwe10.bepolitetostrangers,whycan'twedothesamefortheoneswelove?()B.repliesC.repliedD.isreplying()B.cooksC.cookedD.wascooking()B.movingC.movesD.moved()4.A.weren'tB.don'tC.won'tD.didn't()B.lovesC.lovedD.willlove()B.findsC.willfindD.found()B.seenC.seesD.saw()B.wouldC.couldD.had(