第02講知識(shí)回顧二（原卷版）-2023年八年級(jí)英語寒假課（牛津上海版）

第02講知識(shí)回顧二【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】Ⅰ.Unit4Numbers復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):重點(diǎn)單詞language語言tongue語言口才舌頭anofficiallanguage官方語言公用語言differentlanguages不同語言spoken/orallanguage口語writtenlanguage書面語ancient古代的modern現(xiàn)代的times時(shí)代時(shí)期age次數(shù)倍數(shù)as像……一樣(兩者完全或者幾乎完全相同)like相似關(guān)系但不等同nearly幾乎差不多常用在含not的句型中almost可以nothingnonevernone連用countv.數(shù)數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)adj.countable可數(shù)的可計(jì)算的countlessadj.不可數(shù)的數(shù)不盡的inventv.發(fā)明n.inventor發(fā)明者invention發(fā)明物discover發(fā)現(xiàn)calculatev.計(jì)算calculatorn.計(jì)算器calculatingadj.計(jì)算的與計(jì)算有關(guān)的精明的accurateadj.正確無誤的準(zhǔn)確的無誤的accurate準(zhǔn)確的精明的（通過努力，使事情達(dá)到正確） correct正確的exact確切的精確無誤的（與事實(shí)完全符合）electronic點(diǎn)子的add加addin包括addto增加addup加起來有意義，有道理subtract減（不可以代替minus）multiply乘divided除percentage百分?jǐn)?shù)thirtypercentagepercent/percentn.百分比powerful強(qiáng)大的n.power能力力量權(quán)力brainn.腦,腦子havesth.onthebrain全神貫注于某事useone’sbrain動(dòng)腦筋好好想想alive是表語形容詞，既可以與表示人的名詞或代詞連用，也可以與表示物的名詞或代詞連用。

living主要用作定語，修飾人或物均可。

lively有“活潑的、快活的、生動(dòng)的”等意思，可以指人或物live通常只作前置定語，且一般用于動(dòng)物，“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播”humanbeings人類solvev.解決solutionn.解決解決方案重點(diǎn)短語atleast至少無論如何反義詞組：atmost至多inmanydifferentways用許多不同的方法intens十進(jìn)位法likelightning閃電般地眨眼間like像…….一樣inaflash轉(zhuǎn)眼間眨眼之間重點(diǎn)句型Everyoneknowsatleasttwohisorherownlanguage每個(gè)人都知道至少兩種語言However,theynearlyallcountedinthesamewayintens.然而，他們幾乎都以相同的方式，及以十為計(jì)數(shù)單位。Withthesetennumberswecanwriteanynumberfromthebiggesttothesmallest.通過這些十進(jìn)制數(shù)，我們能夠?qū)懗鋈魏巫畲蠛妥钚〉臄?shù)字。Becauseitmadeiteasiertowritebignumbersandtocalculate.因?yàn)檫@使得寫大數(shù)字和計(jì)算變得更容易。重點(diǎn)語法祈使句數(shù)詞=2\*ROMANII.Unit5Encyclopaedias復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):重點(diǎn)單詞existv.存在生存n.existence存在existas作為…….而生存以……形態(tài)而生存existin存在于…….中existon靠…….生活靠………生存makealiving謀生makealivingby通過……（方式）謀生makealivingas以……（方式）謀生gentle溫和的文雅的n.gentleness溫順親切柔和adv.gently輕輕地逐漸地harmfuladj.有害的（反義詞harmless無害的）類似用法：useful→uselesshelpful→helplesscareful→carelessfierce兇猛的adv.fiercely兇猛地possibleadj.可能的as……aspossible盡可能……doone’spossible盡力竭力ifpossible如果可能的話amusementn..娛樂 amusev.使發(fā)笑使愉快 amusedadj.愉快的開心的好玩的 amusingadj.有趣的開心的createv.創(chuàng)造 n.creation創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)作creator創(chuàng)造者設(shè)計(jì)者creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的creativityn.創(chuàng)造力mousen.老鼠鼠標(biāo)pl.miceafield/woodmouse野鼠ahousemouse家鼠deliver遞送n.delivery遞送交付deliverer遞送人real/truereal事物是真實(shí)的或貨真價(jià)實(shí)的或指與宣傳與事實(shí)吻合的東西true暗指與現(xiàn)實(shí)或事實(shí)的正是狀態(tài)一致diedeathdeaddyingcreatecreativecreationcreatorthinkerthinkthoughtthought重點(diǎn)短語lookup查找（字典書籍等）ontheearth在地球上onearth在人世間在世界上intheearth在泥土里die—died—dieddead–deathdieout滅絕knowabout了解knowof聽說關(guān)于……的事情throughaway扔掉millionsof數(shù)以百計(jì)befamousfor因?yàn)?以…….聞名/著名=bewellknownforbefamousas作為……而著名重點(diǎn)句型be+比較級(jí)+thanas+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as與…….一樣……(用于肯定否定即可)notso+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as（用于否定）seesb.doingsth.看見某人正在做某事seesb.dosth.看見某人做了某事重點(diǎn)語法指示代詞thisthatthesethose(四者若作主語時(shí)可指人或物如果是做其他成分時(shí)不能指人)名詞可數(shù)名詞【真題演練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Shanghaiisamoderncity________theeastofChina.A．in B．on C．off D．to2．It’s________usefulthing,andyouhaveitonly________hour.A．a(chǎn)n;a B．a(chǎn);an C．a(chǎn);a D．a(chǎn)n;an3．There________abooksaleinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.A．is B．has C．willhave D．willbe4．Afterpeelingtheapples,youneedto________.A．cutitup B．cutupit C．cutupthem D．cutthemup5．Ifthereare________peopledriving,therewillbe________airpollution.A．less;less B．more;less C．more;fewer D．fewer;less6．IthinkMarkis________ofalltheboysinourclass.A．outgoing B．moreoutgoing C．themoreoutgoing D．themostoutgoing7．________willlife________inthefuture?A．What;be B．How;belike C．What;belike D．How;like8．—________abasketballgameontheplaygroundnextweek.—Goodnews.I’mlookingforwardtoit.A．Thereis B．Therewillhave C．Therewillbe D．Therewillis9．You________eherebefore8:30tomorrowmorning.A．supposeto B．supposedto C．a(chǎn)resupposedto D．a(chǎn)resupposed10．Toomanypeoplewereabsent.Thefamoustrainingschoolannouncedthatit________theactivityifnecessary.A．wouldcancel B．cancelled C．willcancel D．hascancelled二、短文選詞填空從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。方框中有2個(gè)多余選項(xiàng)。country

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quicklyMygrandpalovesplayingchess.Heoftenplayschesswithhisfriends.Lastweekhecametovisitusinourcity.However,hewasveryupsetlater.Hefoundthatnobodyherecouldplaychesswith___11___.Oneday,whenIcamebackfromschool,Ifoundmygrandpawassitting___12___inachairanddidnothing,Iknewhefeltlonely.“Whynotteachhimtoplayonlinechess___13___myputer?”Ithought.Iwenttohimandsaid,“Grandpa,someoneis___14___foryoutoplaychess.”“Really?”heasked.“Who?Andwhere?”Itookhimtotheputerinmyroomandsaid,“Righthere.”ThenItaughthimhowtousetheInternetandhowtoplaychessonline.Atfirst,hewasslow.Aftertryingseveraltimes,hedidbetterandbegantoplaychesswithpeoplefromalloverthe___15___.“Howinterestingitis!”hesaid.Nowmygrandpaisquitegoodatplayingchessonline.Hehasalsomadealotof___16___ontheInternet.Heismuch___17___thanbefore.三、用所給單詞的正確形式填空pletethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms（用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子）18．Ihaveworkedinthisbusinessfor__________tenyears.（near）19．TheOlympicGamesareagreat__________sportsevent.（nation）20．The__________oftheplanehashelpedhumancivilizationmakeabigstepforward.（invent）21．Theriot（暴亂）hadagreatimpact（沖擊）onthe__________ofthecountry.（develop）22．His__________wascorrectbutherswaswrong.（calculate）23．Mr.Windwassoproudthathethoughthewas__________thanMr.Sun.（power）24．Pleasereadthe__________passageandanswermyquestions.（follow）25．Sharpmadetheworld’sfirst__________calculator.（electron）四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換pletethefollowingsentencesasrequired（根據(jù)所給要求完成句子。每小題每空格限填一詞）26．Shehadtogohomeearly.（改為否定句）She____________________togohomeearly.27．TheIndiansfirstinventedthenumbers1to9andthewaytousethem.（改為一般疑問句）__________theIndiansfirst__________thenumbers1to9andthewaytousethem?28．Abacusesareveryfastandaccurate.Peoplestillusethemtoday.（合并為一句）Abacusesare__________fastandaccurate__________peoplestillusethemtoday.29．Shakuntala’sbraintookfiftysecondstofindtheanswer.（保持句意不變）____________________Shakuntala’sbrainfiftysecondstofindtheanswer.30．Domeafavor.（改為反意疑問句）Domeafavor,____________________?31．do,the,know,numbers,of,about,what,you,language（連詞成句）______________________________________________________________________________________________【過關(guān)檢測(cè)】五、閱讀單選Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms(習(xí)俗)intheworld.It’sveryimportantforyoutoknowaboutthem.WhenyougototheUS,someoneoftensaystoyou“givemefive”.Whatshouldyoudo?Donotgetfivedollarsfromyourpocket!Itwillmakeotherslaugh!Thepersonisnotaskingforyourmoney,butyourfingers.IntheUS,“Givemefive”or“givemethehighfive”isapopulargesture(動(dòng)作).YoucanseeitofteninfilmsoronTV.Itmeanshittingeachother’srighthandstogether.Peopledoitwhentheymeetforthefirsttimeorsomethinghappyhappens.Forexample,astudenthasgoodmarksinexams.Ifafootballteamwinsagame,theplayerswillgivehighfivestoeveryonearoundtocelebrate.ThisgesturemayefromtheoldRomangestureofraisingtherightarmfortheemperor(皇帝).Thisshowedthepersonraisinghisarmdidnothaveasword(劍)inhishand.Whynottrytogivethehighfivetoyourfriends?32．“Givemefive”canbeagestureto________.A．raiseyourarm B．makepeoplelaugh C．sayhellotoothers D．givemefivedollars33．Thegesture“givemefive”istheclappingof________.A．heads B．hands C．a(chǎn)rms. D．fingers34．Whenyou________,yougiveyourfriendshighfives.A．loseyourmoney B．gobackhome C．winafootballgame D．a(chǎn)reangry35．Thegesturemaystartin________accordingtothepassage.A．oldRome B．America C．China D．theUK36．WhydidtheoldRomansraisetherightarmfortheemperor?A．Becausetheywereveryafraidoftheiremperor.B．Becausetheywerehappytoseetheemperor.C．Becausetheywantedtogivetheemperorawele.D．Becauseitcouldshowtherewerenoswordsintheirhands.六、完形填空I’mSue.I’m14andIliveinEngland.Myfatherworksinahorseridingschool.IstartedridingwhenIwassix.Igo____37____everySaturday.NowIcanridequitewell.I____38____allSaturdayattheridingschool.Ihelptogetthehorsesready.Ihelpthenewstudents.Ifeedthehorsesandgivethemwaterwhenthelessonsareover.I____39____brushthemandcleanalltheequipment（設(shè)備）.Idoallthesethings____40____Ilikeit.Ialsogettorideforfree!Whenyoustartridingahorse,it’svery____41____!Thefirstthingyoulearnishowtogetontoahorse.Thenyouhavetolearnhowtomoveupand____42____atthesametimeasthehorse.Ifyoudon’tdothis,itisvery____43____foryouandthehorse!Atfirstyoulearntowalkthehorsearound.Thenyoulearntorunfaster.Whenyourteacherthinksyouare____44____enough,youlearntojump.Not____45____wantstolearntojump.Somepeoplejustwanttolearntoridefortheexercise.ButIlike_____46_____.Itisexciting!37．A．running B．swimming C．skating D．horseriding38．A．take B．spend C．make D．stay39．A．a(chǎn)lso B．or C．either D．too40．A．when B．why C．because D．though41．A．easy B．difficult C．different D．smart42．A．down B．up C．out D．a(chǎn)round43．A．happy B．fortable C．lovely D．unfortable44．A．hungry B．good C．kind D．lazy45．A．everyone B．someone C．everything D．something46．A．swinging B．riding C．jumping D．walking七、短文首字母填空語篇填詞EverytowninAmericahasapostoffice.Someareveryt___47___atthecornerofashop.Youmaybeu___48___ofthem.Othersarelargebuildings.Inthepostoffice,stampsaresoldatanywindow.Thepostofficessellstampsatdifferentp___49___,fromonecent（分幣）tosomedollars.Ifyouarenotsurehowmuchitcosts,youcanaskaclerkinthepostofficeforhelp.Ina___50___,youcanalsobuypostcardsinthepostoffice.Mostofthepostcardsalreadyhaveprintedstamps,andyoudon’tneedtobuyextraonesforthem,soitislesse___51___tosendapostcardthantosendaletter.八、閱讀回答問題閱讀下面的材料，然后根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容回答問題。Lastsummer,Cathy’swholefamilywenttoNewYorkCityfortheirsummervacation.Theystayedtherefortwoweeks.NewYorkCityhasabouteightandahalfmillionpeople.ItisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.ItisalsothehomeoftheUnitedNations.Onthefirstday,theyvisitedtheStatueofLiberty.TheStatueofLibertyisoneofNewYork’smostwellknownhistoricsites.Millionsofpeoplevis