Unit4第3課時Grammar（知識精講分層練習(xí)）（教師版）八年級上學(xué)期英語講義（牛津譯林版）

Unit4Doityourself第3課時Grammar目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯vt.剪下，切下，割下2.n.句子3..葡萄4.n.草莓5.n.匙，調(diào)羹6.n.沙拉；色拉7.n.奶油；乳脂；霜8.vt.&vi.混合9.vt.&vi.增加，補(bǔ)充10.n.指示，指點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)詞組1.不閱讀說明就開始你的工作2.加入DIY俱樂部以了解更多重點(diǎn)句型1.請為我修理這個書架。2.請不要觸碰濕油漆。3.用一把剪刀剪出一張張卡片。4.在每張卡片上寫一些話或一句句子。5.在卡片的另一面畫一張關(guān)于這些話或句子的圖片。6.請不要放棄。7.堅(jiān)持嘗試，你將發(fā)現(xiàn)你能更好地記住東西。8.你應(yīng)該了解一些關(guān)于DIY（的知識）。9.你的手表壞了。你最好買一個新的。10.你最好上學(xué)不要遲到。11.有時候做DIY的活要花很長時間?！敬鸢浮恳?.cut2.sentence3.grape4.strawberry5.spoon6.salad7.cream8.mix9.add10.tip二．1.beginyourworkwithoutreadinginstructions 2.joinaDIYclubtolearnmoreaboutit三．1.Pleasefix/repairtheshelfforme.2.Don’ttouchthewetpaint,please.3.Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.4.Writesomewordsorasentenceoneachcard.5.Drawapictureaboutthewordsorsentenceontheothersideofthecard.6.Pleasedon’tgiveup.7.Keeptryingandyouwillfindyoucanrememberthingsbetter.8.YoushouldknowalittleaboutDIY.9.Yourwatchisbroken.Youhadbetterbuyanewone.10.Youhadbetternotbelateforschool.11.Sometimesit’lltaketimetodoaDIYjob.知識點(diǎn)睛知識點(diǎn)睛一．祈使句【精講】當(dāng)我們向他人發(fā)出命令，提出要求或建議時，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿時you（聽話人），通常不明確表示出來。句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句Do型：動詞原形（+賓語）+其他成分。Haveaseathere.這邊坐。Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Beagoodchild!要做一個好孩子！Let型：Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你。否定句Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t構(gòu)成。Don’tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到！Let型的否定形式有兩種：Don’t+let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他成分。Don’tlethimgo.=Lethimnotgo.反義疑問句祈使句+willyou/won’tyou?Openthewindow,willyou?Letus不包括聽話者在內(nèi)，指示對聽話者說，反義疑問句的主語仍然為youLetusplaywithsnow,willyou?讓我們玩雪，好嗎？Letusplaywithsnow,shallwe?咱們玩雪吧，好嗎？Let’s是表示第一人稱的祈使句，包含說話者，所以反義疑問句的主語為we.※（1）有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動詞可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.有些祈使句可用No開頭，用來表示禁止。Nosmoking!禁止吸煙！為了使祈使句聽來比較客氣，委婉，除了用please外，句末還可用willyou。Readthetext,willyou?讀一下這篇文章，好嗎？在祈使句的前面加上do可以加強(qiáng)語氣，有makesure(一定，務(wù)必)的意思。Doremembertocallme.祈使句的答句常用一般將來時。Don’tsmokehere.Sorry,Iwon’t.練一練練一練1．Obeythetrafficrules,______you’llbepunished.A．but B．while C．till D．or【答案】D【解析】句意：遵守交通規(guī)則，否則你會受到懲罰。考查連詞辨析。but但是，表轉(zhuǎn)折；while當(dāng)……時候；till直到……；or或者/否則；根據(jù)“Obeythetrafficrules”和“you’llbepunished”提示可知，本句是“祈使句+or+陳述句”句式，表示在以祈使句為條件下的相反假設(shè)，意為“否則，要不然”；故選D。2．—Don’tforgettowearschooluniformsonMondaymorning.—______A．OK,Iwill. B．No,Iwill. C．OK,Iwon’t. D．Yes,Iwon’t.【答案】C【解析】句意：—不要忘記禮拜一早上穿校服。—好的，我不會忘記的?？疾榍榫敖浑H。根據(jù)“Don’tforgettowearschooluniformsonMondaymorning.”可知，此句是否定祈使句，回答祈使句應(yīng)該用將來時態(tài)will的正確形式來回答。結(jié)合語境可知，不會忘記穿校服，因此用will的否定形式回答。而“Yes,Iwon’t”這種格式本身就是錯誤。故選C。3．It’stimeforsupper.Let’s______it.A．stophaving B．stoptohaveC．tostoptohave D．tostophaving【答案】B【解析】句意：該吃晚飯了。讓我們停下來享用吧?？疾槠硎咕浜头侵^語動詞的用法。letsbdosth“讓某人做某事”，排除CD。stopdoingsth“停止正在做的事”，stoptodosth“停止一件事去做另一件事”，根據(jù)“It’stimeforsupper.”可知，是停下來去吃飯，故選B。4．______awayfromthelake,boys.Itisdeep.A．Stays B．Stay C．Staying D．Tostay【答案】B【解析】句意：離湖遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)，孩子們。它是深?？疾槠硎咕?。根據(jù)“...awayfromthelake,boys.”可知句子省略主語，用動詞原形開頭構(gòu)成祈使句。故選B。5．______playwithfire.______withfireisdangerous.A．Don’t;Playing B．Not;Playing C．Don’t;Play D．Notto;Toplay【答案】A【解析】句意：不要玩火。玩火是危險的?？疾槠硎咕浜蛣用~作主語。第一個空是否定祈使句，其構(gòu)成是：Don’t+動詞原形；第二個空是主語的位置，因此應(yīng)該用動名詞形式，首字母大寫。故選A。6．______wakeupyoursister,Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Aren’t D．Can’t【答案】A【解析】句意：別吵醒你妹妹，本。她需要好好睡覺?？疾槠硎咕?。根據(jù)“...wakeupyoursister,Ben.”可知此處用“don’t+動詞原形”構(gòu)成祈使句的否定形式。故選A。7．—Hisfriendwantstogoswimming______it’sveryhot.—It’sOK.But______allowhimtodothatalone!A．so;not B．so;don’t C．because;not D．because;don’t【答案】D【解析】句意：—他的朋友想去游泳，因?yàn)樘鞖夂軣帷]關(guān)系。但不要讓他一個人去游泳！考查連詞辨析及祈使句。so因此；because因?yàn)?。想去游泳是因?yàn)樘鞜?，用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；答句中缺少主語，用“don’t+動詞原形”構(gòu)成祈使句的否定形式。故選D。8．—Topreparefortheschooltriptomorrow,whatshouldIdo,mum?—______anumbrellawithyouanditwillbeusefulwhenitrains.A．Taking B．Totake C．Take D．Took【答案】C【解析】句意：—為了準(zhǔn)備明天的學(xué)校旅行，我該怎么辦，媽媽？—帶把傘，當(dāng)下雨的時候它就會派上用場?？疾楣潭ň湫?。本句是“祈使句+and+一般將來時的陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，該句型中and表示前后句是順接關(guān)系，意思是“那么”，祈使句表示條件。故選C。9．______lateagain,Bill!Oryouwillmissthewonderfulfanmeeting.A．Don'ttobe B．Don'tbe C．Notbe D．Benot【答案】B【解析】句意：不要再遲到了，Bill！否則你會錯過精彩的粉絲見面會。考查祈使句。這是一個祈使句的否定形式，開頭用Don’t，后跟動詞原形；belate“遲到”，是固定短語。故選B。10．Whynotfillourlifewith______?Behappyand______everyday!A．happy;smile B．cheer;smiling C．cheerful;smiling D．joy;smile【答案】D【解析】句意：為什么不讓我們的生活充滿歡樂呢？要快樂，每天微笑！考查名詞及祈使句的用法。happy快樂的，形容詞；smile微笑，名詞或動詞；cheer歡呼，名詞或動詞；smiling微笑，動詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式；cheerful高興的，形容詞；joy愉快，名詞。根據(jù)“Whynotfillourlifewith”可知，fillsth.withsth.表示“用……裝滿……”，第一空需填入一個名詞，排除AC選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)“Behappyand...everyday!”可知，此處為動詞原形開頭的祈使句，and連接并列成分，前后語法一致，所以第二空填動詞原形，排除B選項(xiàng)。故選D。11．______ontheicon,andyou______visitAsiaandAfricainonlytwohours!A．Click;will B．Toclick;can C．Clicking;/ D．Toclick;/【答案】A【解析】句意：點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)，您將在兩小時內(nèi)游覽亞洲和非洲！考查祈使句及一般將來時。第一空前缺少主語，此處用“祈使句，and+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，祈使句以動詞原形開頭，可直接排除BCD；結(jié)合“inonlytwohours”可知and后分句用一般將來時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為willdo。故選A。12．Smileattheworld,______theworldwillsmilebackatyou.A．but B．a(chǎn)nd C．a(chǎn)s D．or【答案】B【解析】句意：對世界微笑，世界也會對你微笑?？疾檫B詞辨析。but但是；and和；as由于；or或者。此句是“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，前后句是并列遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，用連詞and連接，故選B。13．—Pleasedon’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.—______.A．No,Iwon’t B．No,Iwill C．Yes,Iwon’t D．Yes,Iwill【答案】A【解析】句意：—離開房間時，請別忘了關(guān)門?！玫?，我不會忘的?？疾槠硎咕涞幕卮?。祈使句一般用將來時態(tài)進(jìn)行回應(yīng)，根據(jù)“Pleasedon’tforget…”可知，此處應(yīng)據(jù)實(shí)回答，“好的，我不會忘的”，故選A。14．“Putonyourcoat,______youwillcatchacold!”Thisiswhatmymotheroftensaystome.A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so【答案】C【解析】句意：“穿上你的外套，否則你會感冒！”這是我媽媽經(jīng)常跟我說的?？疾檫B詞辨析。and和；but但是；or否則；so所以。根據(jù)“Putonyourcoat,…youwillcatchacold”可知，此處是“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，穿上外套否則就會感冒，故選C。15．—Mike,______offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—OK,Mr.White.A．turn B．turns C．toturn D．turning【答案】A【解析】句意：—邁克，當(dāng)你離開教室的時候請關(guān)燈?！玫模紫壬??？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。turn旋轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)語境可知，本題考查祈使句，用動詞原形，turnoff表示關(guān)燈，故選A。16．—Remember______theclassroomafterschool.—OK.I______.A．cleaning;do B．toclean;do C．cleaning;will D．toclean;will【答案】D【解析】句意：—記得放學(xué)后打掃教室。—好的。我會的?？疾榉侵^語動詞。短語remembertodosth.記得（去）做某事（這件事還沒有做），rememberdoingsth.記得做了某事（這件事已經(jīng)做了）。根據(jù)“afterschool.”以及回答“OK….”可知這件事沒有做，第一個空格處應(yīng)用toclean；第二空所在句子是個省略句，表示將會做，用一般將來時。故選D。17．—I'mleavingnow.—______youturnoffthelightsandtheputer.A．Makesure B．Tomakesure C．Findout D．Tofindout【答案】A【解析】句意：—我現(xiàn)在要走了?！_保你關(guān)掉了燈和電腦?？疾閯釉~短語和祈使句。makesure確保；findout查明。根據(jù)“youturnoffthelightsandtheputer”可知，離開時要確保電器都是關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，此句是祈使句，用動詞原形開頭，故選A。二.Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.【精講】①向他人發(fā)出命令、提出要求或建議時可用祈使句。祈使句的肯定形式以動詞原形開頭,否定形式在前面加上donot/don't/neverEg.Bequiet,please.請安靜。 Don'tmakeanynoise.不要發(fā)出噪音。祈使句的反義疑問句用willyouEg.Pleasebequiet,willyou?Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou?祈使句的回答Yes/OK,Iwill.或No/OK,Iwon't.Eg.—Pleasebequiet,willyou?—Yes,Iwill(bequiet).—Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou?—No,Iwon't(makeanynoise).No+doing/n.! Eg.Nosmoking!/Nophotos!②cutvt.剪下,切下,割下(cutcutcut/cutting) cutout剪出帶有cut的常見短語:cutdown砍倒 cutin(onsb/sth)打斷(談話) cut...short縮短三.Pleasedon'tgiveup.Keeptryingandyouwillfindyoucanrememberthingsbetter.【精講】①giveup放棄giveupsth/doingsth放棄某物，放棄做某事(giveitup)Eg.giveupsmoking戒煙②keepdoingsth.一直不斷做某事③句式結(jié)構(gòu):祈使句+and/or+陳述句(多用將來時).和if條件狀語從句可以同義轉(zhuǎn)換。Eg.Hurryup,oryouwillmissthetrain.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,youwillmissthetrain.Hurryup,andyouwillcatchthetrain.=Ifyouhurryup,youwillcatchthetrain.三.Youhadbetternot/shouldn’tbeginyourworkwithoutreadingthem.【精講】①beginvt.&vi.開始,著手(beginbeganbegun)begintodo/doingsth=starttodo/doingbeginningn.開始,起初 Eg.inthebeginning一開始②withoutprep.沒有 withoutsb./sth./doing Eg.ahousewithoutagarden沒有花園的房子withouttrouble輕松地、輕易地 withoutgettingfat沒有發(fā)胖 withoutstopping不停歇withoutsb.不帶某人/沒有某人 Eg.Let'sgowithouthim.不帶他,我們走吧。③patientadj.耐心的 Eg.bepatientwithchildren對孩子們有耐心n.病人 Eg.cancerpatients癌癥病人分層練習(xí)分層練習(xí)【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】一一、根據(jù)句子意思和所給提示，用合適的單詞填空1.He’dliketop________hisbedroomblue.2.Icanrememberwords________(well)thanbefore.3.Don’t________(觸摸)thedog.Itmaybiteyou.4.There

is

a

straight

line

under

the

________(句子).

5.I

need

two

_________(張)

of

papertofinishmyhomework.6.This

knife

is

sharp(鋒利的).

Don’t

_________(切到)

yourself!【答案】1.paint2.better3.touch4.sentence5.pieces6.cut二、根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Please__________(bring)mesomethingtoeat.2.Let’s__________(watch)thesportsgamestogether.

3.__________(notbe)afraid,Millie.ewithme.4.__________(eat)toomuchisbadforyourhealth.5.___________(hurry)up,boysandgirls,orwe’llbelate.6.Mr.Blacktoldus__________(nottouch)thewetpaint.7.__________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.【答案】1.bring2.watch3.Don’tbe4.Eating/Toeat5.Hurry6.nottotouch7.Give三、按要求句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞1.Closethewindow,please(改為否定句)________________________thewindow.2.Youmustbecarefulnexttime,Julie.(改為祈使句)________________nexttime,Julie.3.Youmustn’tplaywithmatches.Itisdangerous.(改為祈使句)________________________matches.Itisdangerous.4.Don’tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.(改為反意疑問句)Don’tforgettoturnoffthelights,________________?5.Ifyouworkharder,you’lldobetterinEnglish.________________,________you’lldobetterinEnglish.(改為同義句)【答案】1.Pleasedon’tclose2.Becareful3.Don’tplaywith4.willyou5.Workharder;and四、根據(jù)漢語意思，完成下列句子，每空填一詞1.務(wù)必告訴他這個消息！________________himthenews!2.打開電視，看看CCTV5放映什么節(jié)目。________________theTVandsee_______________________onCCTV5.3.老師建議我別玩電腦游戲。Theteacheradvisedme_________________________________putergames.4.他用剪刀從報上剪下這張圖片。He

_________________the

picture

from

the

newspaper________apairof________.

【答案】1.Dotell2.Turnon;whatison3.togiveupplaying4.cutout;with;scissors二一、按要求句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞1.Youshouldputthegoldfishinthesun.(改為否定句)You________________thegoldfishinthesun.2.Youhadbettergothereonfoot.(改為否定句)You’d________________________thereonfoot.3.Weshouldputtherubbishinthebin.(對劃線部分提問)________________we________therubbish?4.It’sbetterforustoworkhardatourlessons.(改為同義句)________________workhardatourlessons.【答案】1.shouldn’tput2.betternotgo3.Whereshould;put4.We’dbetter二、根據(jù)漢語意思，完成下列句子1.耐心一點(diǎn)，你會學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的。________________,________you’lllearnMathswell.2.對于這件事，我只是略知皮毛。I__________________________________

this

matter.

3.火柴可能導(dǎo)致危險，你最好不要擺弄它們。_________canbe________.______________________________________.4.有時干“自己動手做”的活，要花挺長的時間。Sometimesit’lltaketime__________________________________________.5.開始工作前，你應(yīng)該先讀讀這些說明。You________________________________________beforeyoustarttowork.【答案】1.Bepatient;and2.knowalittleabout3.Matches;dangerous;You’dbetternotplaywiththem4.todoaDIYjob5.shouldreadtheinstructionsfirst三．用括號中所給動詞的正確形式填空，使短文完整It’seasyforpeople1________(catch)coldinwinterorspring.Butwecanalsodoalot

tostayhealthy.Hereissomeadvice.Washyourhandsoften,anditwillstopgerms(細(xì)菌)

passingfromonepersontoanother.2________

(notuse)yourhandswhencoughing(咳嗽).Useatissue(紙巾),andthenthrowitawayatonce.3________(turn)yourheadawayfrompeoplenearyouwhenyou

arecoughing.Getsomefreshair.Germslikestayinginwetandwarmroom.Soyou’dbetter

4________

(keep)yourwindowopenatnightwhenyouaresleeping,oryou5________(nothave)enoughfreshair.Ifflu(流感)isgoingaroundyourhouseorschool,youshould

6________(try)tostayawayfromthosewho

areill.Remember

toboil(煮)yourtowel(毛巾)forabouta

minutetokillgerms.【答案】1.tocatch2.Don’tuse3.Turn4.keep5.won’thave6.try【能力拓展】完型填空Beingsafeatschoolandinyoureverydaylifeneedsknowledge.Ifyourememberthefollowinginformation,yourlifewillbemuch1.●Always2theenvironmentaroundyou.Youshouldn’twalkaloneoutside.3thatyouknowwherethepublicphonesare.If4dangeroushappens,youcanfindthemquickly.●Don’tuseearphones(耳機(jī))whenrunningintheschoolyardorinthestreet.Youwillkeepyourselffromtheoutsideworldandthat5bedangerous.●Schoolbagsshouldbecarriedtowardsthe6ofyourbodyinsteadofbeingputonyourback.Whenbusesarecrowded,itiseasyenoughforthievestosteal(偷)thethingsinyourbagsonyourback.●If7strangerfollowsyou,crossthestreetandgointheotherdirection(方向).Letthestranger8thatyouknowheorsheisthere.Next,goandgethelpfrom9ifnecessary.Don’tgohomedirectly(直接地).Youaresaferinthestreetthanyouareinyourhomeorinalift.●Ifyouhavetotakeabustoaplacefaraway,trytogettothestopafewminutesbeforethebusesleave,Thisstopsotherpeople10studyingyou.Onbuses,don’tsitalone.Sitbehindthedriverorwithfriends.Don’tsleep.1．A．safe B．safely C．safer D．safety2．A．noticing B．notice C．noticed D．notices3．A．Makeup B．Makeinto C．Makeout D．Makesure4．A．nobody B．a(chǎn)nything C．everybody D．