新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練25 說明文體類語法填空(原卷版)

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）25說明文體類語法填空【命題意圖】在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個空白，部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。語法填空則更側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運用，強調(diào)詞匯的變形。同時強調(diào)語篇分析能力，凸顯交際性和語境化特征。【考試方向】作為高考新題型的語法填空試題，近年高考英語該題型具有下面這些特點：文章以記敘文和說明文為主，文章長度控制在190～220詞，10道題中，有6～7個試題給出提示詞(全國卷都是7個)，要求考生；考查的要點分為詞法和語法兩部分，詞法部分包括：1)詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換，結(jié)合語境考查給出的提示詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞變化；2)介詞的固定搭配，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式及運用；語法部分包括：時態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合運用，非謂語動詞，各種從句等。從近年課標(biāo)卷的語法填空試題看，給出提示詞的考點主要包括：詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換）；形容詞比較級與最高級的變化；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化；動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的變化等。給出提示詞考點多為實詞，所填寫的詞匯根據(jù)語境和短文或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容可以是1～3個單詞。挖空分布均勻，考點的安排注重多樣化。不給提示詞的考點主要包括：連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）、介詞（動詞與介詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配、代詞和冠詞等?！镜梅忠c】1、給出動詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化（轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞），或填寫謂語部分，或是填寫非謂語動詞；2、給出詞語，詞性的變化，如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級、最高級，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞（前綴）；3、給出副詞，填寫比較級、最高級，或是填寫反義詞；4、不給詞語填寫限定詞的時候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級等，其前用定冠詞。【真題再現(xiàn)】【2020·新高考全國卷I（山東）】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___36___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig___37___untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,___38___(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum___39___openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___40___(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection___41___(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine___42___(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor___43___(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical___44___(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete____45____people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.【答案】36.wealthy37.or38.formed39.which/that40.arecalled41.is42.themselves43.walking44.accuracy45.for【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了博物館藏品的來源及博物館給人們帶來的好處和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。36.考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì)，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)使用形容詞，做定語。故填wealthy。37.考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世，然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知，前后陳述的是兩者可能性，應(yīng)使用連詞or:或者。故填or。38.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語in1759可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時。故填formed。39.考查定語從句。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。40.考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語與call是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填arecalled。41.考查主謂一致。句意:通常，博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語asmallpartofamuseum’scollection是單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且后面的Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.中的is也是提示。故填is。42.考查反身代詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors，意為”他們自己”，應(yīng)使用反身代詞。故填themselves。43.考查非謂語動詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分，共同做imagine的賓補，imaginesb.doingsth.”想象某人做某事”。故填walking。44.考查名詞。句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂也很重要。此處做主語，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為”歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy。45.考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:competefor，意為:”為了……競爭”。故填for?！绢}型演練】1閱讀下面短文，在標(biāo)有序號的空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號中單詞的正確形式。Thereisagiganticstudythat’sbeendonein38cultures.1.turnsoutthatineveryculture,bothmalesandfemalesdesiretheirpotentialmatestobebright.Butwedon’thaveourIQs2.(print)onourforehead.Howdoweknowthatsomeone’s3.(intelligence)?InWesterncultures,atleast,it’softenbytheperson’ssenseofhumor.Becausecreatingandappreciatingjokesbothrequireustomake4.(connect)betweenmanyseparatepiecesofinformation,5.(have)asenseofhumorshowsthatwepossessawideknowledgeand6.weknowhowtothinkaboutthingsinnovelandcreativeways.Takeacartoon7.example:amouseisstandingoutsidehishouse,havingjustpulledagunonacat,whopretendstogiveinbyraisingonepaw(爪).“Sixrounds.Ninelives.Youdothemath,”thecatsays.Inordertoappreciatethisjoke,youneedtoknowthatmiceare8.(usual)thevictimsofcats,manygunshavesixbullets(子彈),andcats9.(say)tohaveninelivesbecauseoftheirabilitytoalwayslandontheirfeet.Youalsoneedtobeabletodosomemath10.(understand)thatthecathastheadvantageinthissceneafterall.2閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheBurjA1ArabisaluxuryhotelinDubai.Itstandsonaman-madeisland11.(locate)justoffDubai’scoast,andisconnectedtothemainlandbymeansofaprivatebridge.Theamazingbuildingisoneofthetallesthotelsintheworld.Itwasdesignedtolooklikethesailofa“dhow”，12.typeofArabianboat.TomWright,thedesignerofthehotel,saidhewantedtheBurjA1Arabtobeasymbolic13.(construct)forDubailiketheEiffelTowerisforParis.TheBurjA1Arabhas202roomsaswellassixaward-winningrestaurants.Oneoftheserestaurants,theA1Muntaha,14.(offer)fantasticviewsofDubai,becauseitis200metresabovesealevel.Guests15.decidetostayattheBurjA1Arabcanlookforwardto16.(receive)extremelygoodservice.Fromthemomentyoucheckintothemomentyouaredroppedoffattheairport,thehotel’sstafftakecareofeverything.17.(fortunate),entryintotheBurjA1Arabisnotallowedunlessyouareahotelguest.Butdon’tworry;viewsoftheoutsideofthehotelareas18.(impress)asviewsofitsinside.So,ifyouevervisitDubai,besure19.(take)aphotographoftheBurjA1Arab.Itis20.adoubtoneofthemostbeautifulhotelsintheworld!3閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheWorldExpo2020willbeheldinDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),betweenOctobernextyearandthefollowingApril,21.thedesignoftheChinaPavilion（展館）hasbeenmadepublicinthecity.TheblueprintfortheChinaPavilion22.(present)ataceremonylastWednesday.Withthedesignpresented,thenextstepistospeedupconstruction.23.(occupy)anareaofmorethan4,600squaremeters,itwillbeoneofthelargestattheexpo.Its24.(inspire)wasdrawnfromaChineselantern,25.symbolizeshopeandabrightfuture.ItcombinesChineseelementswithmoderntechnologiesandshowsChina’slatestachievements26.scienceandinformationcommunication.TheChinaPavilionwillbebuiltwiththetheme“Buildingacommunitywitha27.(share)futureformankind--InnovationandOpportunity.”TheDubaiWorldExpoisaplatformtodisplaytheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentoftheparticipating28.(country).Italsoshowcasesthebilateral29.(friend)exchangebetweentheUAEandothercountries.TheUAEplaysabigroleinChina’sBeltandRoadInitiativeandsaysithopestheWorldExpowillhelptoimprovetieswithChina.TheWorldExpohasbeen30.(irregular)heldonceeveryfewyearssince1851andeachExpolastsforsixmonthsorso.4閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BigBenisthenicknameforthegreatbelloftheclockatthenorthendofthePalaceofWestminsterinLondon.Itssoundsowellknown31.ithasoftenbeenusedinfilms.TheClocktowerwascompletedin1859andtheGreatClockstartedon31May，withtheGreatBell’sstrikes32.(hear)forthefirsttimeon11July.Itcelebratedits150thanniversaryon31May2009,during33.celebratoryeventstookplace.Thetowerhasbecomeoneofthemostoutstanding34.(symbol)ofbothLondonandEngland.TheClockToweryouseetodayisnotthefirsttowertobebuiltinParliament’sground.The35.(origin)towerwasbuiltin1288-1290duringthereignofKingEdwardI.Unfortunately36.bigfiredestroyedmostofthePalaceofWestminster.Architects37.(invite)tosubmittheirdesignsandSirCharlesBarry’swassuccessful.ReconstructionoftheClockTowerbeganinSeptember1843.38.wasdesignedintheVictorianGothicstyle.Withtimepassingby,thetopoftheclocktowerisleaningone-and-a-halffeeoffalevelpositionand39.(get)worseeachyearnow,partlyasaresult40.decadesofundergroundexcavation.5閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Astronomyistheoldestscience41.（know）toman.Thousandsofyearsagomanlookedatthestarsandwonderedabouttheheavens.Butmanwas42.（limit）bythesixplanetsthathecouldseeonly43.hiseyesalone.TheGreeksstudiedastronomyover2,000yearsago.Theycouldseethesizecolour,and44.（bright）ofastar.Theycouldseeitsplaceinthesky.Theywatchedthestars45.（move）astheseasonschanged.ButtheGreekshadnotoolstohelpthemselvesstudytheheavens.Eachnewtooladdedtothefieldofastronomyhelpedmanreachoutintospace.Manknewalittleaboutthemoon46.thereweretelescopes.HedidnotknowthattheplanetcalledSaturnhad47.（ring）aroundit.Hissightwas48.limitedthathecouldnotseealltheplanets.Intheearly1700s,peoplethoughttherewereonlysixplanets.Beforethespectroscope,mandidnotknowwhatkindofgases49.（be）aroundthesunorotherstars.Withouttheradio-telescope,wedidnotknowthatradionoisescamefromfarinspace.Today,astronomyisa50.（grow）science.Wehavelearnedmoreinthelastfiftyyearsthaninthewholehistoryofastronomy.6閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Knownasthe"VegasofChina”,Macao,whilefilledwithluxuryandworld-classentertainment,also51.(offer)manylandmarksthatdefinethecity'suniqueandfascinatinghistory.Thefirstepisodeof