新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練06 高頻語法之名詞性從句、定語從句與語法填空(原卷版)

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）06高頻語法之名詞性從句、定語從句與語法填空【技法總結(jié)】高頻考點(diǎn)一名詞性從句【高考試題再現(xiàn)】語法填空1.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I’mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.答案：1.who2.that【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略名詞性從句做題兩步驟第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,用連接代詞;若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that?！局攸c(diǎn)知識(shí)提醒】一、賓語從句1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞that、whether、if；連接代詞what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；連接副詞when、where、why、how等；從句用陳述語序?！epromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.我們許諾，任何參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)的人都有跟那個(gè)電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)?！trulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.我確信美來自內(nèi)在?！hatweshouldtakewithusdependsonwherewe'llstay.我們需要隨身帶什么東西，取決于我們將在什么地方停留。2．it做形式賓語的賓語從句(1)一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則需要用it做形式賓語，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：find、feel、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。·Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed.他清楚地表明會(huì)議不會(huì)被推遲。(2)動(dòng)詞hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等表示“喜歡”“厭惡”等的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語seeto、dependon、relyon等，常用it做形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置?！shallseetoitthathewillbetakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的時(shí)候，我會(huì)確保把他照顧好。二、主語從句和表語從句1.主語從句(1)that連接從句時(shí)，沒有具體意思，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只是起標(biāo)志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引導(dǎo)時(shí)，既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分，又有意義?！tneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.我從來沒想到你會(huì)成功地說服他改變主意。(2)whether連接從句時(shí)，表示懷疑，不能省略，意為“是否”，在句首時(shí)不能用if替換。·Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.究竟此事對我們有害還是有利，還有待觀察。(3)連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不能省略，并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分?！howilltakeoverthecompanyhasnotbeendecided.誰將接管公司還沒定好。(4)用it做形式主語的常用句型：①It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that從句；②It＋be＋名詞(短語)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that從句；③It＋be＋過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that從句；④It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seems,appears,happens,matters)＋that從句。·ItisapitythatImissedthepartyheldlastnight.很遺憾我錯(cuò)過了昨晚舉行的聚會(huì)。·Itisreportedthattheaccidentwascausedbycarelessness.據(jù)報(bào)道，該事故源于(司機(jī)的)粗心駕駛。(5)在Itisnecessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。2．表語從句(1)引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞從屬連詞that、whether；連接代詞what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；連接副詞when、where、why、how等；從句用陳述語序?！'dliketostartmyownbusiness—that'swhatI'ddoifIhadthemoney.我愿意自己創(chuàng)業(yè)——那就是如果我有錢將會(huì)做的事情。(2)常見的表語從句句型：①Itlooks/seemsasif...好像……；仿佛……；②Thisisbecause...這是因?yàn)椤?強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)；③Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……；④Thatiswhy...那就是……的原因(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)；⑤Thequestion/problemiswhether/when/where...問題是……；⑥Hisdream/suggestion/aim/purposeisthat...他的夢想/建議/目標(biāo)/目的是……；⑦what從句＋be＋that從句。高頻考點(diǎn)二定語從句【高考試題再現(xiàn)】語法填空1.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.2.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.4.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.5.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.答案：1.which2.who3.which/that4.which5.who/that【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略1.確定定語從句關(guān)系詞的解題要領(lǐng):根據(jù)定語從句中所缺成分來確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。2.關(guān)系詞應(yīng)遵循“缺什么,補(bǔ)什么”的原則(1)如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少主語,限制性定語從句中用who/that;非限制性定語從句中用who。(2)如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少賓語,限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定語從句中用whom。(3)如果先行詞指物,定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,限制性定語從句中用which/that;非限制性定語從句用which。(4)如果先行詞指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語,則用when或where;如果缺少主語或賓語,則用that或which。(5)在“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中如果先行詞指人,則關(guān)系詞用whom;如果先行詞指物,則用which?！局攸c(diǎn)知識(shí)提示】一、關(guān)系代詞that、which、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.6種只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況(1)先行詞是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、theone等不定代詞時(shí)。(如先行詞指人，可用who代替that)(2)先行詞被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等詞修飾時(shí)。(如先行詞指人，可用who代替that)(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)。(4)先行詞被theonly、thevery(正是、恰是)、thelast修飾時(shí)。(如先行詞指人，可用who代替that)(5)先行詞含有人和物兩者時(shí)。(6)先行詞在主句中做表語，或關(guān)系詞在從句中做表語時(shí)。2．4種只用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況(1)先行詞為物，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。(2)先行詞為物，關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)。(3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。(4)引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念時(shí)。3．5種多用as引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況(1)非限制性定語從句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可。(2)非限制性定語從句的謂語為beannounced、beexpected、beknown、bementioned、bereported、besaid等被動(dòng)式謂語。(3)表示整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，有時(shí)含有“按照；正如；根據(jù)”等意思。(4)在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句所述的內(nèi)容：①asweallknow我們都知道②asweallcansee正如我們大家所能看到的那樣③asisoftenthecase情況常常如此④asiswellknown眾所周知(5)當(dāng)先行詞被such、thesame、so＋adj.＋a/an、sucha/an＋adj.修飾時(shí)。二、關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose1.who和whom的用法(1)先行詞為one、ones、anyone、those指代人時(shí)?！hosewhoareinterestedinthefilmcancontactme.對該電影感興趣的可與我聯(lián)系。(2)當(dāng)先行詞為人且關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用whom。whom在定語從句中做介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞可放在后面，也可提前構(gòu)成“介詞＋whom(先行詞指人)”結(jié)構(gòu)?！hesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都離開家鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。2．whose的用法whose指人或物，做定語，表示“……的”，可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of＋關(guān)系代詞”。關(guān)系代詞whose可指人，表示“該人的”，也可指物，表示“該物的”；在以物為先行詞時(shí)，可用ofwhich代替whose在從句中做定語。[提示]關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致?！omisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.湯姆是被派往國外的工程師之一?！omistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于表時(shí)間的“介詞＋which”where地點(diǎn)、情形、狀況、活動(dòng)、關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)等地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于表地點(diǎn)的“介詞＋which”why原因原因狀語，相當(dāng)于forwhich·Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.在他生活的那個(gè)時(shí)代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的?！walkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山頂，在山頂上我們欣賞到了湖光美景。[提示]若先行詞為一些表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，如situation、point、stage、position等，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，則常用關(guān)系副詞where或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示到了某種程度，在某種情況下；如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語、賓語或表語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)?！tlasthegottheposition(that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最終得到了他夢寐以求的那個(gè)職位?！havecometothepointwhere/atwhichIcan'tstandhim.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步。四、介詞＋關(guān)系代詞1.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。先行詞指物/事時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which；先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom。當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能省略?！aringforthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.關(guān)愛靈魂是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程，在這個(gè)過程中，即使生活中的小細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)顧及?！eboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,atwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花20000多美元買了這輛車，他父親對此很生氣。2．“名詞/不定代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級或最高級＋of＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！hegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.植物的生長速度受到很多因素的影響，其中大部分因素是我們無法控制的?！herearearoundfourhundredstudentsinourgrade,mostofwhomarefromtheXichengDistrict.我們年級有大約四百名學(xué)生，其中大多數(shù)都來自西城區(qū)。【專題訓(xùn)練】1閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheBritishhavebeendrinkingteaforover350years.Butinfact,thehistoryofteagoesmuch1.(far)back.ThestoryofteabeginsinChina.Accordingtothelegend,theChineseemperorShenNungwassitting2.atreewhilehisservantboileddrinkingwater,whensomeleavesfromthetreeblewintothewater.ShenNung,3.expertinherbalmedicine,decidedtotrythewaterhisservantcreated.Asaresult,ittastedsogoodthatlaterthedrinkwas4.wenowcalltea.Itis5.(possible)toknowwhetherthereisanytruthinthisstory.6.,teadrinkingcertainlywasestablishedinChinamanycenturiesbeforeithadevenbeenheardofinthewest.Containersoftea7.(find)intombsdatingfromtheHandynasty(206BC-220AD)beforeteawasfirmlyestablishedasthenationaldrinkofChinaintheTangdynasty(618-906AD).Itbecame8.afavoritethingthatduringthelateeighthcentury,awriter9.(call)LuYuwrotethefirstbookentirelyabouttea,theCh’aChing,orTeaClassic.ItwasshortlyafterthisthatteawasfirstintroducedtoJapan,byJapaneseBuddhistmonkswhohadtravelledtoChinatostudybefore.TeadrinkinghasbecomeavitalpartofJapaneseculture,10.mayberootedinthespritdescribedintheCh’aChing.2閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Youknowwhereyourlookscomefrom—forexample,youmayhaveyowmother’snoseoryourfather’seyes.Butwhataboutthingsthatwecan’tsee,likeyouwent11.music?Isthissomethingthatyoulearned,orareyourabilitiesandpersonalitytraits12.(determine)byyourgenes(基因)?Whatmakes13.individualbehaveinacertain14.anddisplaycertaintalents?Scientistsarenotclear15.theanswertothisquestionis.Those16.supportthenaturetheorybelievethathumans17.(program)geneticallytobehaveincertainways,regardlessofcultureandupbringing.Onetheotherhand,wehavethenurturetheory,which18.(argue)thataperson'sbehaviorandpersonalityaredevelopedbyteachingandexperience.Thereisevidence19.(support)bothofthesetheoriesandthedebateisstilltoberesolved.Itseemsmostprobablethatboththeorieshavetheirvalidity(正確性)andthatnatureandnurtureeachplaya20.inmakinguswhoweare.3閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AtwistoffateWhenTamaraRabimetAdrianaScottatalocalMcDonald’srestaurant,theirliveschangedforever.“Ididn’tknowwhattosay21.‘hi’.Iwasjustsoshocked--itwaslikeseeingmyself,”saysAdriana.TheywerebothstudentsatneighbouringuniversitiesinLongIsland,NewYork,andtheyhadgrownuponly30kilometresapart.Theysharedabirthday,theywereexactlythesameheightandbothlovedhiphop.Butthemostimportantthing22.wassharedbetweenthemwasthesameMexicanmother.Bothgirlsgrewupknowingthattheirmother23.(give)themupforadoptionwhentheywereborn,buttheyhadnoidea24.theyhadatwinsister.Then,JustinLattore,afriendofAdriana’s,wenttoTamara’stwentiethbirthdayparty.WhenhewalkedinandsawTamara,hardly25.hebelievehiseyes.“Iwasjustshocked--shelookedsomuchlikeAdriana,”saysJustin.Thenitgotclear--theyhadtobesisters.Infact,Tamarahadalreadynoticedthatstrangersonheruniversitycampusoftensmiledandsaidhello,clearly26.(mistake)herforsomeoneelse.Followingthebirthday,JustinputthetwogirlsintouchandtheyarrangedtheMcDonald’smeetingbyemail.“27.shecametowardsme,shewaswalkinglikeme,talkinglikeme,”saysTamara.“Wehavethesamemannerisms,thesameinterestsandgotthesamegradesatschool,”addsAdriana.Thegirlevendiscoveredthataschildrentheyhadoftenhadthesamenightmareofareallyloudnoise28.(follow)byaveryquietone.Theyhadanothersadfactoracommon.29.oftheiradoptivefathershaddiedafewyearsbeforetheymet.Nowthetwinsarefinishingtheirstudies,andtheymeetoften.“Ifeelshe’smysister,butourrelationshiprightnowismorelikefriends,”saysTamara.She’soptimisticandexcitedthattheirfutureswillbetogether.“Wewillalwayshaveeachother.Wedon’thaveanyotherbrothersandsisters--wearesure30.(grow)oldtogether!”4閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。PassYourLoveon31.(wait)fortheairplanetotakeoff，Iwashappytogetaseatbymyself.Justthen，32.airhostessapproachedmeandasked，“Wouldyoumind33.(change)yourseat?Acouplewouldliketosittogether.”Theonlypossibleseatwasnexttoagirlwithherarmsincasts(石膏繃帶)，ablack－and－blueface，andasad34.(express).“NowayamIgoingtositthere，”Ithought35.(immediate).Butasoftvoicespoke，“Sheneedshelp.”Finally，Idecidedtomovetothatseat.ThegirlwasnamedKathy.Shehadbeeninacaraccidentandnowwas36.herwaytotreatment.Whenthesnacksandjuicearrived，itdidnottakemelongtorealize37.Kathywouldnotbeabletofeedherself.Iconsidered38.(offer)tofeedherbuthesitated，asitseemedtooimpolitetoofferaservicetoastranger.ButthenIrealizedthatKathy'sneedwasmoreimportantthanmydiscomfort.Iofferedtohelphereat，and39.shewasuncomfortabletoaccept，shedidasIexpected.Webecamecloserandcloserinashortperiodoftime.Bytheendofthefive－h(huán)ourtrip，webecamefriends，andthetimeremovesthefearthatkeepsusseparate.Whenweoffertoserveanother，wegrowtoliveinalargerand40.(many)rewardingworld.5閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AgirlwhohasagiftfordrawingIwenttoanexhibitionlastmonth,41.Iadmiredalotofwonderfulpaintings.Mary,42.drawingswereshownattheexhibition,isamodelstudent43.isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall44.thepaintingswereonshow,oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture45.washungonthewallinfrontofus.Thehorse46.wasdrawninthepicturewasexactlylikearealhorse.Theman47.wasridingonitlookedlikealivingman.Itwasthebestpicture48.Ihadeverseen,andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainter49.Ihaveeverheardof.However,youwillbequitemistakenifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter.OneofherteacherstoldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawingbeforeshebecamethebestyoungpainter50.haseverbeenheardofinherhometown.Butifyousaythatshehaslearnedtobesogoodatdrawingonlybyworkinghardatit,Iwillcertainlyagreewithyou.6閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowof51.expensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadress52.wasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.53.(look)atherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress54.(sell).Thewomanwalked55.oftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,56.ahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.57.seekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreat58.(difficult),heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshe59.(not)likeit.Sheenjoyed60.（she）makingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.7閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Fido,alittledog,wasveryanxioustogetthefavoronhismaster.Hetookcare,however,neithertobetroublesome,61.wouldhefollowhimintothelivingroomunlesshewasasked.Healsotriedtomake62.(he)usefultohiskindmaster.Hewoulddriveawaystrangepigsandotheranimals63.cameintotheyard.Oncewhenhismasterwassick,Fido64.(lie)attheroomdooranddidnotleave,eventogethisfood.Whenhismasterwaswellenough,Fido65.(admit)intotheroom,andshowedsomanysignsofjoythathismasterwasmorefond66.himthanever.Fidoevenhadachanceof67.(save)hismaster'slife.HismasterwassleepinginasummerhousewithFidoathisside.Suddenly68.dogsawthewallshake,anddirtfallfromtheceiling.Fidoknewthattherewasdanger,andbeganbarking69.(awake)hismaster.Asthisdidnotsucceed,hejumpedup,and70.(gentle)bithisfinger.Hismasterhadjusttimetogetoutofthedoorwhenthewholebuildingfell.Fidowashurtbysomeoftherubbish.Andhismasterh