4.3Unit4（原卷版）-2021-2022學(xué)年八年級英語下冊鏈接教材精準(zhǔn)變式練（牛津譯林版）

重點(diǎn)語法Unit4Agoodread（原卷版）20212022學(xué)年八年級英語下冊鏈接教材精準(zhǔn)變式練（牛津譯林版）教材教材重點(diǎn)語法知識鏈接及典例解讀一、疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式1).疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問詞，包括疑問代詞who,what,which和疑問副詞how,when,where等。這些疑問詞和不定式一起構(gòu)成了不定式短語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等。如：Howtodoitisaquestion.該怎樣做倒是一個(gè)問題。（作主語）Ireallydon'tknowwhattowriteabout.我實(shí)在不知道該寫些什么。（作動(dòng)詞賓語）Wemustfirstsolvetheproblemofwhomtoserve.我們必須首先解決為誰服務(wù)的問題。（作介詞賓語）Thequestioniswheretoputit.問題是該把它放在哪兒才好。（作表語）IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglish.我問他如何學(xué)習(xí)英語。（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）2）“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語常和以下動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語：know,learn,see,hear,ask,tell,decide,explain,findout,forget,remember,understand等連用。Idon'tknowwhattosaynext.我不知道接下來該說什么。Ican'tdecidewhichtotake.我不能決定該拿哪一個(gè)。Pleasetellmehowtogothere.請告訴我怎樣到哪兒。3）“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫成由該疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句。Idon'tknowwhattodo.=IdonotknowwhatIshoulddo.我不知道該做什么?！咀⒁狻克幸蓡柧渲校挥衱hy不可以與動(dòng)詞不定式連用。原則上說，why后不接不定式，不過若不定式不帶to，則可用why。Whynotgothereatonce?為什么不馬上去那兒呢？Whyarguewithher?為什么要跟她爭論呢？注意：這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在和將來，不用于談?wù)撨^去。你昨天為什么不打掃房間？誤：Whynotcleantheroomyesterday?正：Whydidn'tyoucleantheroomyesterday?典例解讀句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Gulliverdidnotknowwherehecouldfindotherpeople.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Gulliverdidnotknowotherpeople.【答案】where；to；find【解析】句意：格列佛不知道在哪里能找到其他人。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，疑問詞+從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問詞+不定式，where為疑問詞，故填where，to，find。

2．Gulliverdidnotknowhowhecouldbreaktheropes.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Gulliverdidnotknowtheropes.【答案】how；to；break【解析】句意：格列佛不知道他怎么能掙斷繩子。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，疑問詞+從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問詞+不定式，how為疑問詞，故填how，to，break。

3．Gulliverfoundoutwhathecoulddowiththetinyman.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Gulliverfoundoutwiththetinyman.【答案】what；to；do【解析】句意：格列佛查明了他能怎么應(yīng)對這個(gè)小人。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，疑問詞+從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問詞+不定式，what為疑問詞，故填what，to，do。

4．GulliverdecidedwhenheshouldleaveLilliput.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)GulliverdecidedLilliput.【答案】when；to；leave【解析】句意：格列佛決定什么時(shí)候離開利利浦。疑問詞+從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問詞+不定式，when為疑問詞，故填when，to，leave。

5．Gulliverwonderedwhohecouldaskforhelp.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Gulliverwonderedhelp.【答案】who；to；ask；for【解析】句意：格列佛想知道他能向誰求助。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，疑問詞+從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問詞+不定式，who為疑問詞，故填who，to，ask，for。

二、must和haveto的用法區(qū)別1).強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)不同兩者都表示必須，但must側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法,認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事；haveto則重于客觀需要,含有不得不或被迫之意。例句：Wemustgoatonce.我們必須馬上就走.IfIbuythatcar,Ihavetoborrowsomemoney.如果我要買那輛汽車,我得借些錢.2).時(shí)態(tài)形式不同must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)一種形式（在賓語從句中可以表示過去），而haveto則有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式。例句：Shesaidthatshemustgowithme.她說她一定要同我一起去.Theyhavehadtobuyacar.他們不得不買了輛小汽車.3).非謂語形式不同haveto可以有分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等形式，而must則沒有這些形式。例句：Heonlysawherintheevening,havingtobeawayallday.他整天得外出,只能晚上見她.Iregrettohavetotroubleyouagain.我很抱歉不得不再麻煩你一次.4).否定式的意義不同must的否定式mustn't意為一定不要、不允許；而haveto的否定式don'thaveto意為不必（=needn't）。例句：Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要告訴他這件事.（可能是秘密）Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不必告訴他這件事.（他可能知道了）注意：must還可以表示肯定猜測，意思是“一定”。否定的猜測是can't。Youmustbehungryafterallthatwalking.走了那么遠(yuǎn)的路，你一定餓了吧。Thatcan'tbeLucy.ShehasgonetoAmerican.那肯定不是Lucy，她已經(jīng)去了美國。典例解讀1Bobcannoteouttoplaybecausehe_________helpDadinthegarden.A．can B．cannot C．hasto D．must【答案】C【解析】考查must和haveto的用法區(qū)別，句意：鮑勃不能出來玩，因?yàn)樗坏貌粠椭职衷诨▓@勞作。haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)了客觀需要，表示“不得不做某事”。故選C。2．—MustIleavenow?It'sstillraininghardoutside.—No,you__________________.Youcanwaittilltherainstops.A．don'thaveto B．couldn't C．can't D．shouldn't【答案】A【解析】句意:——我現(xiàn)在必須離開嗎？外面還在下大雨?！?，你不必。你可以等到雨停。must開頭的一般疑問句，否定回答用needn't/don'thaveto，肯定回答用must。根據(jù)Youcanwaittilltherainstops.可知是否定回答，故選A。3．—__________________Ifinishmyworknow?—No,you__________________.Youcandoitlater(后來).A．May;needn't B．Must;don'thavetoC．Can;couldn't D．May;couldn't【答案】B【解析】句意：——我必須現(xiàn)在完成工作嗎？——不，你不必。你可以稍后再做。must開頭的一般疑問句，否定回答用needn't/don'thaveto；May開頭的一般疑問句，否定回答用can't；Can開頭的一般疑問句，否定回答用can't。根據(jù)Youcandoitlater(后來).可知是否定回答，故選B。一、單選題1．Lucydidn'tknowwho________aboutthestrangethingsatthattime.A．totalk B．totalktoC．willtalkto D．willtalkabout2．—Ireallydon'tknowtosendthemagazine.—WhynotcallanexpresspanylikeSForSTO?A．how B．which C．when D．what3．—Wow,Wendy,it'scooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone.—JustwithasoftwarecalledMeipai.Letmeshowyou_______,A．whichtouse B．howtouseitC．whattouse D．wheretouseit4．—WeneedanewleaderforourHelpingHandsClub,butIdon'tknow________.—WhynotMary?Sheisalwayswillingtohelpothers.A．whattochoose B．howtochoose C．whentochoose D．whotochoose5．TheSmithshaven'tdecidedahousenearthesea.A．whichtobuy B．whentobuy C．wheretobuy D．whattobuy6．—Amongthesefilms,haveyoudecidedfirst?—Notyet.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?A．howtowatch B．whichtowatch C．whentowatch D．wheretowatch7．一Wouldyoupleasetellmetodealwithalltheproblems,Mr.Chen?一Noproblem.A．how B．why C．what D．which8．Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let'sgoandaskMr.Li.A．whattodo B．todowhat C．whethertodo D．todowhether9．Weoftenmeettogetheranddiscuss________.A．whattoread B．a(chǎn)bouttoreadwhatC．toreadwhat D．a(chǎn)boutwhattoread10．—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?—Ihaven'tdecidedwhere_______.A．go B．went' C．going D．togo11．—Haveyoudecidedwhen_______atriptoSanya?—Notyet.A．taking B．taken C．totake D．took12．一Dad,canIgotothemoviestonight?一Sure,butyouebackhomebefore9o'clock.A．can B．must C．may D．might13．—Canyouetohavedinnerwithmethisevening?—I'mafraidnot.I_______takecareofmygrandmother.Sheisill.A．can't B．haveto C．may D．could14．—Ibegintosweepthefloornow?—No,you.Youcanhaveashortrest.A．May;needn't B．Must;don'thavetoC．Can;couldn't D．Must;can't15．Peopledriveafterdrinkingalcohol(酒).It'sagainstthelaw.A．mustn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．wouldn't16．—Mum,mayIgotothepartywithmyfriendstonight?—Yes,you.Butyoubebackby10:00p.m.A．can;may B．must;haveto C．may;must D．can;can17．—________________Ifinishmyhomeworknow?—No,you________________.Yourworkisovertoday.A．Can't;must B．Must;don'thavetoC．May;couldn't D．Couldn't;could18．You________________takemetothestation.Myelderbrotheristakingme.A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．don'thaveto19．—HowlongcanIkeepthesebooks?—Accordingtothelibraryrules,you____returnthemwithin(在……之內(nèi))7days.A．must B．might C．could D．may20．—Canyouplaytenniswithus?—Sorry,Ican't.I_____myhouse.A．cleaning B．havetoclean C．clean D．cleaned二、語法填空1．Tomorrowismybirthday,butIdon'tknowwho(invite).2．Iwonderedhow(solve)thisdifficultproblem.3．Youmust(read)theinstructionscarefullybeforeyoutakethemedicine.4．Theoldmanstartedtolearnhow(surf)theInternetinhissixties.四、翻譯1．我不知道到哪兒去尋求幫助。Idon'tknowaskforhelp.2．你知道如何處理這個(gè)問題嗎?Doyouknowthisproblem?他們正在討論把墻涂成什么顏色。4．王醫(yī)生，你能給我一些關(guān)于怎樣自我保護(hù)的建議嗎？5．首先，你必須和面試官目光交流。(eyecontact)6．我們必須要遵守規(guī)則。Wetherules.7．他必須穿校服上學(xué)嗎?