重慶市長壽區(qū)高二八校聯考2023-2024學年高二下學期7月期末英語試題

重慶市長壽區(qū)20232024學年下學期高二期末檢測卷（B）英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aparty.B.Anecklace.C.Adress.2.Whydoesthewomanexchangethecoat?A.It'ssmall.B.It'sbig.C.It'sdark.3.Whereisthewoman'shusbandnow?A.InLondon.B.InTokyo.C.InParis.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Packsomeboxes.B.Gohomeandrest.C.Continueworking.5.Howdoesthemangettothebusstop?A.Onfoot.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Howmuchwillthemanpayintotal?A.$900.B.$750.C.$700.7.Howwillthemanpayfortheguitar?A.Bycreditcard.B.Bycheck.C.Incash.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatistheman'sadviceforthewoman'strip?A.SheshouldalsocheckoutVenice.B.SheshouldonlystayinRome.C.ShereallyshouldgotoPisa.9.HowmuchvacationtimewillthewomanprobablyspendinRome?A.Twodays.B.Fivedays.C.Sevendays.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheradiostation.B.Onthebeach.C.Intheocean.11.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Jointheparty.B.Describetheweather.C.Invitehertotheparty.12.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Hot.B.Warm.C.Cool.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Strangers.C.Teammates.14.Whatisthegirlafraidof?A.Failingthetest.B.Missingsomeclasses.C.Losingatsports.15.Whatgamewouldn'ttheboyliketoplayanymore?A.Soccer.B.Baseball.C.Basketball.16.Whereisthelibrary?AOnthethirdfloor.B.Onthesecondfloor.C.Onthefirstfloor.聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingtheweather.B.Remendingoutdooractivities.C.Arrangingforthesummerholiday.18.WhatwastheweatherlikeintheNortheastinthepastweek?A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.19.WhyistheMidwestprobablythebestplaceinthespeaker'seyes?A.It'llbesunnyandfortable.B.Itstransportisconvenient.C.Ithasgreatairconditioningsystems.20.WhatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopleintheSouthtodo?A.Prepareforstorms.B.Replantheirouting.C.Enjoytheclearskies.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）AForthosewho’vealwayswantedtowalkthehallsofHogwartsorexploretheshopsofDiagonAlley(對角巷)，UniversalOrlandooffersthenextbestthing.ThethemeparkopenedeveryHarryPotterfan’sdreamplacebackin2010.ForPotterheadseverywhere,however,decidingwhentomakethetriptotheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterisnoteasy.ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld,whetheryou’relookingtosavemoney,avoidthebusyseason,orsimplyexperiencethemostmagicaltimesoftheyear.ThecheapesttimestovisitHarryPotter’sworldThecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.OtherinexpensivetimesincludethebeginningofMarchandmostofSeptemberandOctober.ThebestHarryPottereventsatUniversalWhiletheymaynotbethequietesttimestoexploreHarryPotter’sworld,Universalholdsmanyeventsthroughouttheyearthatfanswon’twanttomiss.ACelebrationofHarryPotterForaweekendeveryJanuary,UniversalhostsACelebrationofHarryPotter.Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.Foranyonewhoreallylovesthebooksandthefilms,thismaybeoneofthebesttimesoftheyeartovisit.ChristmasintheWizardingWorldUniversal’snewadditionstotheirholidayentertainmentlineupmakeHogwartstheperfectplacetobearoundChristmastime.DecorationsaddbeautytotheshopsofDiagonAlleyandHogsmeade,theFrogChoirsingsChristmascarols(頌歌)，andsnowfallsonHogwartsasafestiveshowtakesplaceinfrontofthecastle.HalloweenintheWizardingWorldLastly(andperhapsmostsurprisingly),HalloweenseasonisalsoagoodtimeforamagicalvisittotheWizardingWorld.Universal’smainHalloweenevent,HalloweenHorrorNights,producesaspecialHarryPotterrelatedsurprise.1.WhichtimescostsmosttovisitHarryPotter’sworld?A.JanuaryandmostofFebruary.B.NewYearandwinterbreak.C.ThebeginningofMarch.D.MostofSeptemberandOctober.2.WhatwillpeopledointheeventofACelebrationofHarryPotter?A.TheywilljoinotherPotterfansforvariousactivities.B.TheywilldecoratetheshopsandsingChristmascarols.C.Theywillwatchafestiveshowtakingplaceinfrontofthecastle.D.TheywillgetaspecialHarryPotterrelatedsurprise.3.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformreadersofsomeeventsaboutHarryPotter.B.TointroducetheUniversalOrlandotoreaders.C.TohelpexperiencethebestofWizardingWorld.DToadvertisethebooksandfilmsofHarryPotter.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要向哈利波特的粉絲們介紹哈利波特魔法世界的主題公園，并給出游客一些游玩的建議?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Thecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.”（參觀哈利波特魔法世界最不忙/最便宜的月份是除了新年左右和寒假的一月和二月的大多數時候）可知寒假和新年左右是最忙/最貴的時候。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.”（游客，無疑穿著各階級的長袍，將要加入其他哈利波特的忠實粉絲，與他們一起參加看展，討論，扮演，問答等活動）可知，游客與哈利波特粉絲一起參加給種各樣的活動，故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld”（這些小建議會幫助你體驗世界上最好的魔法世界）可知，本文的主要目的是讓游客在哈利波特主題公園有最好的體驗。故選C項。BItisinhumannaturetoexplorenewthings.Tothatend,manycountrieshavebeenexploringspaceformanydecades,particularlytheUS,Russia,andcountriesinEurope.PresidentXiJinpingpraisedthesuccessoftheChang’e5mission(使命)inbringingbackthecountry’sfirstsamples(樣本)collectedfromthemoon.Thewholecountryisproudofthisbreakthrough.TheChang’e5missionhasachievedmanysignificantbreakthroughs,includingChina’sfirstlunar(月球的)surfacesampling,firstliftofffromthemoonandthefirstspacecraftwiththeabilitytogatherandmeetinlunarorbitwithsamplestoreentertheEarthsatmosphere.ThesuccessoftheChang’e5missionmarksaconclusionofChina’scurrentlunarexplorationproject.ThesuccessfulreentryandlandingoftheChang’e5capsule(太空艙)haveenabledChinatoobtainitsfirstlunarsamples,markinganewstartforlunarandplanetaryresearch.Withthisachievement,Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.NomatterhowfarChinagoesintospace,italwaysstaystruetoitsoriginalmissionuncoveringthesecretsoftheuniverseandcontributingtohuman’speacefuluseofspace.Chinaisapeacelovingcountryandwilluseitsachievementsforpromotingpeacearoundtheglobe.Chinaviewstheseeffortsaspartoftheworld’slunarexploration.Itchoseadifferentlandingsiteandispromisingtoshareitssamplestoenrichtheplanet’sknowledge.Someforeignscientistshaveshownparticularinterest.Theexplorationisnotformercialpurposes,butinternationalscientificresearch.Humanbeingsshallexplorethemoontogether,asitwillfinallyneedlargeprojectsrequiringinternationalcooperation.Chinawillplayaleadershiproleintheinternationalscientificmunity.4.WhatmadeChinesepeoplefeelproudaccordingtothepassage?A.Landingonthemoonsuccessfully. B.Gainingadmissiontoexploringthemoon.C.Strengtheningtheabilitytopromotethepeace. D.Bringingbackfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheChang’e5mission?A.Horriblebutromantic. B.Fearfulbutsuccessful.C.Challengingbutrewarding. D.Dangerousbutpeaceful.6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theoriginalmissionremainsunchanged. B.Countriesjointogethertoexplorethemoon.C.Chinatakesprideintheachievementsinspace. D.Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aposter. B.Aleaflet. C.Anewspaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了嫦娥五號任務的成功使得中國在太空探索上樹立了一個新的里程碑。4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“PresidentXiJinpingpraisedthesuccessoftheChang’e5missioninbringingbackthecountry’sfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.Thewholecountryisproudofthisbreakthrough.（習近平主席贊揚了嫦娥五號任務的成功，從月球帶回了中國第一批采集的樣本。全國都為這一突破感到自豪）”可知，中國人為帶回從月球上采集的第一批樣本感到驕傲。故選D項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“TheChang’e5missionhasachievedmanysignificantbreakthroughs,includingChina’sfirstlunarsurfacesampling,firstliftofffromthemoonandthefirstspacecraftwiththeabilitytogatherandmeetinlunarorbitwithsamplestoreentertheEarthsatmosphere.（嫦娥五號任務取得了多項重大突破，包括我國首次月球表面采樣、首次從月球上發(fā)射、以及首個能夠在月球軌道上采集并將樣品重新進入地球大氣層的航天器。）”以及第三段“ThesuccessfulreentryandlandingoftheChang’e5capsulehaveenabledChinatoobtainitsfirstlunarsamples,markinganewstartforlunarandplanetaryresearch.（嫦娥五號返回艙的成功著陸，使我國獲得了第一批月球樣品，標志著月球和行星研究的新起點。）”可判斷，嫦娥五號的任務有挑戰(zhàn)性但也有回報。故選C項。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第三段“Withthisachievement,Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.（憑借這一成就，中國在太空探索方面樹立了新的里程碑。）”及全文內容可知，文章主要介紹了中國在太空探索上樹立了一個新的里程碑。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了嫦娥五號任務的成功使得中國在太空探索上樹立了一個新的里程碑，這屬于新聞報道，因此文章很有可能來自一份報紙。故選C項。CAtuniversity,whenItoldpeopleIwasstudyingforahistorydegree,theresponsewasalmostalwaysthesame,“Youwanttobeateacher?”No,ajournalist.“Oh.Butyou’renotmajoringinmunications?”Inthedayswhenauniversityeducationwasaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’ttheassumptionthatadegreehadtobeaspringboarddirectlyintoacareer.Thosedaysarelonggone.Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.Wanttobeajournalist?Studyjournalism,we’retold.Alawyer?Pursueprelaw.Nottotallysure?GointoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerandMaths)—youcanbeeanengineeroranITexpert.Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.It’struethatthehumanitiesewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskisslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaynotbecausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpaygappersistsinthehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelytobefemale.Isitanywonderthenthatlanguageteacherstendtomakelessthanengineers?AccordingtoLinkedIn’sresearchonthemostsoughtafterjobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitytomunicateandgetalongwithpeople,tounderstandwhat’sonotherpeople’sminds,andtodofullstrengthcriticalanalysiswereallvaluedandappreciated.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyoucanbeanexcellentmunicatorandcriticalthinkerwithoutahumanitiesdegree.Andanygooduniversityeducation,notjustoneinEnglishorpsychology,shouldsharpentheseabilitiesfurther.Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.ThewholequestionofwhetherastudentshouldchooseSTEMversusthehumanitiesmightbemisguidedtobeginwith.Theheadlinesmostofusseedon’thelp.Whateverastudentpursuesinuniversity,itmustbesomethingthattheyarenotonlygoodat,butinterestedin.Evenifitmeanspursuinga“useless”degree—likeoneinhumanities.8.Whyarepeoplepayingmoreandmoreforadegree?A.Becausepeopleneedadegreetofurthertheircareer.B.Becauseuniversityeducationisconsideredaprivilege.C.Becauseadegreeisviewedasamustforlandingajob.D.Becausetheirinterestcanbedevelopedinuniversity.9.Theauthormentionedaplugandplaytypeofapproachtoshow________.A.atipforchoosingamajorB.theimportanceofhighereducationC.aproblemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesD.thereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities10.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.Aparativelyhighsalaryaftergraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.Abettermunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposuretothetrainingoflanguageandthinking.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.C.Objective. D.Concerned.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。作者在文中引用了科學數據客觀介紹了學習人文學科利與弊，告訴我們學生在大學里學習的應該是自己擅長并感興趣的東西，并不只是為了獲得工作而學習?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段關鍵句“Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.(如今，學位對就業(yè)市場來說幾乎是一種必需品，它會使你失業(yè)的幾率減半以上。盡管如此，單憑這一點并不能保證找到一份工作，然而我們?yōu)閷W位付出的代價卻越來越高)”可知，人們?yōu)閷W位付出的代價卻越來越高是因為學位被視為獲得工作的必備條件。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段關鍵句“Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.(考慮到這些成本，我們大多數人都希望將投資最大化——這就導致了一種即插即用的高等教育方式)”和“Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.(不管你做什么，忘記了人文學科，比如歷史、哲學和語言)”可知，作者提出了一種即插即用的方法是為了說明人們忽視人文學科的原因。故選D項。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段關鍵句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有課程像人文學科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語和批判性思維——無論是在研討會上與其他學生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩歌)”可知，在筆者看來，主修人文學科的好處是能更多的接受語言和思維的訓練。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段關鍵句“ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.(對于美國的年輕人來說，擁有人文學科學位的人的失業(yè)率是百分之四，只比擁有工程學學位的人高一點點)”和倒數第二段關鍵句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有課程像人文學科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語和批判性思維——無論是在研討會上與其他學生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩歌)”可知，作者在文中引用了科學數據客觀介紹了學習人文學科的利與弊，作者對學習人文學科的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項。DIfyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmisprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasonesided.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性，并強調了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會的重要性。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人曾經有過文本，而世界上大多數人，在大多數時間里，都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字，而且用物件來記錄他們所關心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應該如何呈現給我們。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.(理想情況下，歷史應該將文本和物品結合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。)”可推斷，作者認為歷史應該是文本和物品相結合的產物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據所舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英國方面，我們有科學報告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來看，我們只有一個木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。)”可知，作者舉這個例子是為了說明船長的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問題。故選D?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現在這本書中，他們現在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。)”結合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經被文字記錄過，而世界上大多數人，在大多數時間里，都沒有。)”結合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。【點睛】第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____16____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____17____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____18____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____19____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____20____Thinkinginapositive,selfencouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldisfort,either.B.Negativeselftalkdamagesselfconfidenceanddecreasesselfrespect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclearheadedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothemonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.G20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了積極思考對人產生的各種益處，同時將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應對困難時期和提高個人生活質量的強大而有效的工具?！?6題詳解】根據上文“Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我對話是一個人持續(xù)不斷的想法，他常常對一些事件、現象、人，甚至是他自己都沒有意識和不確定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同時，積極的思考可以幫助停止消極的自我對話，開始形成對一個問題的積極的觀點)”由此可知，上文對自我對話進行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對話，可知本句是在說明消極的自我對話對人的不良影響。后文中negativeselftalks可對應到B選項中Negativeselftalk。故B選項“消極的自言自語會損害自信，降低自尊”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(積極思考的人壽命更長，抑郁和焦慮率更低，身心更健康，死于心臟問題的風險更低。積極的思考也有助于一個人處理問題和困難的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了積極思考對人的益處，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可對應到D選項中Positivethinking。故D選項“積極思考對身心有幾個有益的影響”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人員發(fā)現，當危機伴隨著強烈的情緒時，比如自然災害，積極的思考可以為抑郁和焦慮提供一種緩沖)”可知，后文舉出的例子說明了積極思考可以讓一個人在面臨危機時，保持冷靜。故C選項“它幫助一個人在困難的情況下保持頭腦清醒和自信”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(積極思考的、有韌性的人傾向于把每一個問題都看作是一個挑戰(zhàn)，一個改進的機會，或者一個個人成長的機會。相反，悲觀主義者傾向于將問題視為額外壓力的來源)可知，上文在將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，本句應承接上文，進一步解釋說明悲觀主義者在解決問題時一些性格特點。上文Pessimists可對應到G選項中They。故G選項“他們常常在試圖解決問題之前就感到氣餒，即使是很小的問題”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(總之，積極思考是應對困難時期和提高個人生活質量的強大而有效的工具。當一個人拒絕注意到一個問題時，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關系)”可知，本句承接上文進一步說明一個人拒絕注意到問題的影響，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關系，也不會引起任何嚴重的情緒不適。故A選項“它也不會引起任何嚴重的情緒不適”符合語境，故選A。第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)Ourwordscarrygreatweight—morethanwesometimesthink.Theyoften_____21_____peoplefordecades,providingeitherthe_____22_____tocarryonoronemorereasontogiveup.WhenIwasinmyninthgradeyear,ItransferredtoanewjuniorschoolinTexas.Irememberwalkingintotheschoolcafeteriaforthefirsttime.Iwasallbymyself.Theotherkidshadbuiltvaluable_____23_____,whileIdidn’tknowaperson.After_____24_____mywaythroughtheservingline,Islidintothenearestopenseat.Thekidsatthetablegavemealook,wrinkledtheirnoses,andthenlaughedquietly.Icouldfeelmyfacegettingredwithembarrassment.Ilooked_____25_____atmyfood.Finally,oneofthekids_____26_____theice.“Man!Youhaveonebignose!”Iwas_____27_____.Ididn’tknowwhattosay.Iwantedtocry,butImanagedalittlelaugh—likeitdidn’treally_____28_____me.Butitdid.Everydayfromthatpointforward,Iwouldlookatmyselfinthemirror.AllIcouldseewasthatbigfat_____29_____thatovershadowedeveryotherfeature.Istudieditfromeveryangle,butkeptingbacktothesame______30______:Iwasonlyalifesupportsystemforanose.Itwasmy______31______feature.______32______,Ieventuallygrew______33______thatthought.Butitreallytookmetwentyyears.Evennow,Ifeelalittleunfortablethinkingaboutit.Itjustgoestoshowyouhow______34______wordscanbe.Therefore,thinktwicebeforeyou______35______sinceacarelesswordcanshape—ormisshape—someone’srealityforyearstoe.21.A.impress B.impact C.hurt D.inspire22.A.courage B.interest C.praise D.depression23.A.habits B.profits C.group D.friendships24.A.riding B.giving C.feeling D.making25.A.up B.back C.down D.forward26.A.ate B.dropped C.broke D.hit27.A.frightened B.embarrassed C.innocent D.fragile28.A.upset B.intend C.terrify D.restrict29.A.head B.nose C.mouth D.face30.A.decision B.ease C.conclusion D.expectation31.A.typical B.despera