浙江省G5聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題

2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期浙江G5聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷共10頁(yè)滿分150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫(xiě)班級(jí)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫(xiě)在答題紙上，寫(xiě)在試卷上無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewoman'sproblem?A.Shegotawrongemail.B.Shetookawrongcourse.C.Shecouldn'tfindherclass.2.Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodonext?A.Speaktotheteacher.B.Lendthewomanapen.C.Borrowthewoman'snote.3.Howmanypeoplewillbeinthecar?AThree.B.Four.C.Five.4Whydoesthewomanliketheshirt?A.Itremindsherofherbrother.B.Itdidn'tcostheranything.C.Ithasanicedesign.5.WherewillthemanprobablyputhisnewTV?A.Inthecorner.B.Onthedesk.C.Onthewall.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaparkinglot.B.Inacinema.C.Inasupermarket.7.Whatwasthemoviethemanjustsawabout?ADinosaurs.B.Airplanes.C.Superheroes.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8Whydidthewomanchoosehernewapartment?A.Foritslocation.B.Foritssize.C.Foritsview.9.Whatdoesthewomanhaveinhernewapartment?A.Pets.B.Racingcars.C.Homegrownplants.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatisRebeccaresponsiblefor?A.Repairingputers.B.Sellingputers.C.Buyingnewputers.11.WhatservicedoesHPoffer?A.Techsupport.B.Oldputerrecycling.C.Freeputerreplacement.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.AskIngramforadiscount.B.GetmoreinformationaboutIngram.C.BorrowsomeputersfromIngram.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdidNancydoinAfrica?A.Shestartedabusiness.B.Shejoinedavolunteergroup.C.Shedonatedalotofmoneytolocalpeople.14.What'stherelationshipbetweenNancyandTony?A.Friends.B.Hostandguest.C.Husbandandwife.15.WhatdidTonyinspireNancytodo?A.Leadagreatteam.B.Knowaboutothers'needs.C.Focusoninventingnewtechnology.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thewoman'scareer.B.Thewoman'sfamilymembers.C.Thewoman'stravelexperience.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatdidtheboywant?A.Icecream.B.Acupofcoffee.C.Somecoins.18.Howdidthewaitressfeelwhiletheboywascountingmoney?A.Embarrassed.B.Regretful.C.Impatient.19.Howmuchwastheitemtheboybought?A.50cents.B.35cents.C.15cents.20.Whydidthewaitresscryattheend?A.Thetablewascleared.B.Theboyleftatiptoher.C.Othercustomerslostpatiencewithher.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyouthinkaboutWorldHeritageSites,youprobablythinkofplacesassociatedwithancientartandcultureandhistoricalbuildings.Andofcourse,manyoftheseareontheWorldHeritageList(WHL).TheseincluderemainsofancientcultureslikeCuzcoinPeruortherockcityofPetrainJordanaswellasoldcitycenterssuchasRomeinItaly.Alsomonareplacesofartisticorculturalsignificance,liketheStonehengestonecircleinEngland.ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let’slookatafewofthemoreunusualsitesontheWHLandwhyitisimportanttopreservethem.CitadelofHaitiThesemonumentswerebuiltattheendofthe19thcenturywhenHaitibecameindependentandthemanythousandsofblackslavesinHaitiwerefreeforthefirsttime.Theseexslavesbuiltthemonuments,whichtheWHLdescribesas“auniversalsymbolofliberty”.BordersofFranceandSpainThisisanareaofgreatnaturalbeautyandthemountainshavemanyinterestinggeologicalformations.Butitisalsoanareaofsmallfarms.TheWHLhaslistedthesitebecauseitshowsusaboutpastEuropeansocietythroughitslandscapeofvillages,farms,fields,uplandpasturesandmountainroads.TheDarjeelingHimalayanRailwayThisrailwayinIndiawasopenedin1881andisstilloperatingtoday.Itcrossesadifficultareaofmountainlandscapeanditisagreatexampleofrailwayengineering.TheWHLsaysthatitis“thefirst,andstillthemostoutstanding,exampleofahillpassengerrailway.”ThecityofBrasiliaBrasiliaisacapitalcitythatwascreatedfromnothingin1956.TheWHLcallsit“alandmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning”.Thedifferentareasofthecityandthebuildingsthemselveswerealldesignedatthesametimesothattheywouldharmonizewitheachother.1.What’sthefunctionoftheexamplesofWorldHeritageSitesinparagraph1?A.TohighlighttheimportanceofWHL.B.Toexemplifysitesofartisticandculturalvalue.C.Toparethedifferencesbetweenvarioussites.D.Todrawreaders’attentiontomoreuniquesitesontheWHL.2.WhobuiltCitadelofHaiti?A.Formerslaves. B.CitizensinHaiti.C.Activerevolutionaries. D.Haitigovernment.3.Whichsitewillattractatownplannermost?A.CitadelofHaiti. B.BordersofFranceandSpain.C.ThecityofBrasilia. D.TheDarjeelingHimalayanRailway.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了世界遺產(chǎn)名錄上的幾個(gè)不尋常的地方?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheseincluderemainsofancientcultureslikeCuzcoinPeruortherockcityofPetrainJordanaswellasoldcitycenterssuchasRomeinItaly.Alsomonareplacesofartisticorculturalsignificance,liketheStonehengestonecircleinEngland.ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let’slookatafewofthemoreunusualsitesontheWHLandwhyitisimportanttopreservethem.(其中包括秘魯?shù)膸?kù)斯科、約旦的佩特拉巖城等古文化遺跡，以及意大利的羅馬等古老城市中心。同樣常見(jiàn)的還有具有藝術(shù)或文化意義的地方，比如英國(guó)的巨石陣。但是WHL包含了很多不那么明顯的地點(diǎn)。讓我們來(lái)看看世界自然保護(hù)區(qū)一些比較不尋常的地點(diǎn)，以及為什么保護(hù)它們很重要。)”可知，第一段列舉的世界遺產(chǎn)的例子的作用是吸引讀者對(duì)世界遺產(chǎn)名錄上更多的獨(dú)特的地方的關(guān)注。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CitadelofHaiti部分的“Theseexslavesbuiltthemonuments,whichtheWHLdescribesas“auniversalsymbolofliberty”.(這些曾經(jīng)是奴隸的人建造了紀(jì)念碑，WHL將其描述為“自由的普遍象征”。)”可知，前奴隸修建了CitadelofHaiti。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ThecityofBrasilia部分的“TheWHLcallsit“alandmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning”.(WHL稱(chēng)其為“城市規(guī)劃史上的一個(gè)里程碑”。)”可知，最能吸引城市規(guī)劃師的是ThecityofBrasilia。故選C。BWhenIwasalittleboygrowingup,myMom,Dad,brothersandIlivedinmyNana’soldhouse.Itwassurroundedbyfourhugevegetablegardens.Andaroundthehousesomanyflowerswereplanted.Itwassobeautifulthereinthespringandsummer.Thatwasn’tall,though.OnthebackporchNanahaddozensofpottedplantshangingonhooks.Shewateredthem,talkedtothemandnurturedthem.Andinthewintershewouldcarrythemallinsideandsetthemonshelvesnearthewindowsofourenclosedfrontporch.Therewithalittlewaterandalotofloveshekeptthemalive,green,andgrowingevenduringthecoldest,darkestmonths.AsaboyIwaspuzzledbyalltheeffortsheputintothem.Iunderstoodthevegetablegardens.Theyhelpedtofeedthefamilyallwinterlong.Ievenunderstoodtheflowersaroundthehouse.Theywereprettyandsmelledsosweetinthesummermonths.Thereasonsheputsomucheffortintocaringforthosepottedplants,however,eludedme.Theydidn’tgiveusanyfoodandtheyrarelyhadanyflowersonthem.Theyremainedamysterytomychild’smind.NowasI’vegrownolderIambeginningtounderstandwhymyNanahadthosepottedplants.ItisthesamereasonIhavesomanypicturesofsunrisesandforestshanginginmyhome.Theyremindmeduringthedark,cold,wintermonthsfullofbaretreesandyellowgrassthatlight,love,andgrowthstillexist.TheyremindmethatSpringwilleagain.TheyremindmethatGodlovesusandisstillwithusevenwhentheearthdoesn’tshowit.TodayIseeNana’spottedplantsinanewlight.Theyarewortheverybitoftheloveandcaresheputintothem.ButwhattellsmemostaboutlightandloveisNanaherself.Sheislighttomysouleveninmydarkesttimes.AndherlovelivesoninmyheartevenifsheisinHeaven.Maywealllearntoloveassheloved,shineassheshined,andliveasshelived.4.Whichofthefollowingiscloseinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“eluded”inparagraph2?A.Upset. B.Misguided. C.Confused. D.Distracted.5.WhywasNanafondofpottedplants?A.Theywereasignofhope. B.Theyresembledsunriseandforests.C.TheyconstantlykeptNanapany. D.Theywereportableandeasytonurture.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toadvocategrowingpottedplants. B.TosingthepraiseofNana’sspiritandlove.C.Tostressthebenefitsofapositivelifestyle. D.TorecallbeautifulmemoriesspentwithNana.7.What’sthetypeofthepassage?A.Anonfiction. B.Abookreview.C.Anagriculturalleaflet. D.Acelebritybiography.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者小時(shí)候不理解奶奶為什么喜歡盆栽，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象征?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Thereasonsheputsomucheffortintocaringforthosepottedplants,however,

eludedme.(然而，她花這么多精力照顧那些盆栽植物的原因，卻eluded我摸)”和劃線詞后文“Theydidn’tgiveusanyfoodandtheyrarelyhadanyflowersonthem.Theyremainedamysterytomychild’smind.(它們沒(méi)有給我們?nèi)魏问澄?，而且它們也很少開(kāi)花。它們對(duì)我孩子來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是個(gè)謎)”可知，作者對(duì)于Nana費(fèi)心照顧這些盆栽感到困惑，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為它們沒(méi)有貢獻(xiàn)任何食物，而且也很少開(kāi)花。故劃線詞意思是“困惑的”，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“NowasI’vegrownolderIambeginningtounderstandwhymyNanahadthosepottedplants.ItisthesamereasonIhavesomanypicturesofsunrisesandforestshanginginmyhome.Theyremindmeduringthedark,cold,wintermonthsfullofbaretreesandyellowgrassthatlight,love,andgrowthstillexist.TheyremindmethatSpringwilleagain.TheyremindmethatGodlovesusandisstillwithusevenwhentheearthdoesn’tshowit.(現(xiàn)在，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我開(kāi)始明白為什么我的祖母會(huì)有那些盆栽。這和我家里掛了那么多日出和森林的照片的原因是一樣的。它們提醒我，在光禿禿的樹(shù)木和黃草叢生的黑暗、寒冷的冬天，光、愛(ài)和生長(zhǎng)仍然存在。它們提醒我春天還會(huì)再來(lái)。它們提醒我，上帝愛(ài)我們，即使在地球上沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的時(shí)候，上帝仍然與我們同在)”可知，Nana喜歡盆栽是因?yàn)樗鼈兪窍Ｍ南笳?。故選A。6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TodayIseeNana’spottedplantsinanewlight.Theyarewortheverybitoftheloveandcaresheputintothem.ButwhattellsmemostaboutlightandloveisNanaherself.Sheislighttomysouleveninmydarkesttimes.AndherlovelivesoninmyheartevenifsheisinHeaven.Maywealllearntoloveassheloved,shineassheshined,andliveasshelived.(今天，我以新的眼光看待奶奶的盆栽。它們值得她付出的每一點(diǎn)愛(ài)和關(guān)心。但最能告訴我關(guān)于光和愛(ài)的是奶奶自己。即使在我最黑暗的時(shí)候，她也是我靈魂的光。即使她身在天堂，她的愛(ài)仍在我心中。愿我們都能學(xué)會(huì)像她那樣去愛(ài)，像她那樣閃耀，像她那樣生活)”可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是歌頌?zāi)棠痰木窈蛺?ài)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要講述了作者小時(shí)候不理解奶奶為什么喜歡盆栽，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象征?？赏浦?，這篇文章是一篇關(guān)于奶奶的非小說(shuō)類(lèi)文學(xué)作品。故選A。CExtremelyauthenticlookingprosthetic(假體的)eyescannowbe3Dprintedinafractionofthetimeitwouldnormallytaketoproducetheeyesbyhand,scientistsdemonstrateinanewstudy.Thenewtechnologycancreateaprostheticeyeinjust90minutes,paredwiththeeighthoursitwouldnormallytakeaskilledtechnician,orocularist,toproduceonebyhand.The3Dprintedeyesrequirefivetimeslesslabortomakethantraditionalmethods,thescientistsbehindthetechnologywroteinanewpaperpublishedinthejournalNaturemunications.The3Dprintedeyesalsolookmorenaturalthantraditionalprostheses;thiscouldhelpimproveapatient’sselfconfidenceinusingthedevices.“Patientsareveryconsciousaboutwearingaprosthesis,andtheydon'twantotherstonotice,”JohannReinhard,leadstudyauthorandaresearcherattheFraunhoferInstituteforputerGraphicsResearchinGermany,toldus.“Withthesemorerealisticeves,itmighthelpthemtoparticipatemoreinsociety,”hesaid.Thenewprintingapproachinvolvestakingaspecializedimageofapatient’semptyeyesocketandoftheirhealthyeye.Theseimagesarethenprocessedandusedtodraftblueprintsthatcanbesenttobe3Dprintedinthelab.These3Dprintedeyescloselyreplicatethecolor,sizeandstructureofthepatient'shealthyeyeandareparticularlygoodatcapturingthecoloredpartoftheeye,knownastheiris,andthewhitepartoftheeye,calledthesclera.Oncefinished,theeyestake15to30minutestobeinstalledbyanocularist,Reinhardsaid.“About80%ofadultsinneedofprostheticeyescouldtheoreticallyhaveonemadethisway,eitherduetoabirthdefectthatcausesaneyetobesmallormissingorbecausethey’velostaneye,”theteamsaid.“However,thiswouldn’tbepossibleforallpatients,suchasthosewhohaveaveryplexeyesocket,asthesoftwarewouldn’tbeabletofindamatchingshapefortheprostheticeye,”Reinhardsaid.“Moredataareneededtoseeifthistechniquecouldalsobeusedtomakeprostheticeyesforchildren,whichwouldrequiremoreregulation,”Reinhardsaid.8.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbebestusedtodescribethe3Dprintedeyes?A.Ecofriendly. B.Timeconsuming. C.Fitofall. D.Realisticlooking.9.HowdoestheauthordevelophisideamainlyinParagraph2?A.Byjustifyinganidea. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byprovidingevidence. D.Bymakingaparison.10.Whichstatementistrueabouta3Dprintedeye?A.Thepatientsprefertoshowofftheirprostheticeyes.B.Everyadultinneedofaprostheticeyecan’tpossiblyhaveone.C.Itnormallytakesaskilledtechnician,orocularist,toproduceone.D.Theinstallmentofoneis5timesfasterthanatraditionalprostheticeye.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.3DprintedEyes——aBetterAlternativeB.3DPrinting—aPromisingTechnologyC.3DprintedEyes—aSourceofConfidenceD.ProstheticEyes—theHopeforallBlindPeople【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了通過(guò)3D打印技術(shù)制作假眼比傳統(tǒng)手工制作更節(jié)省成本而且自然逼真，對(duì)于有需要的人來(lái)說(shuō)是更好的選擇?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Extremelyauthenticlookingprostheticeyescannowbe3Dprintedinafractionofthetimeitwouldnormallytaketoproducetheeyesbyhand,scientistsdemonstrateinanewstudy.(科學(xué)家在一項(xiàng)新研究中證明，現(xiàn)在可以用3D打印技術(shù)制作出非常逼真的假眼，而其所用時(shí)間僅為手工制作假眼所需的時(shí)間的一小部分。)”可知，3D打印技術(shù)制作出的假眼是很逼真的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenewtechnologycancreateaprostheticeyeinjust90minutes,paredwiththeeighthoursitwouldnormallytakeaskilledtechnician,orocularist,toproduceonebyhand.The3Dprintedeyesrequirefivetimeslesslabortomakethantraditionalmethods,thescientistsbehindthetechnologywroteinanewpaperpublishedinthejournalNaturemunications.(這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)可以在90分鐘內(nèi)制造出一只假眼，而通常情況下，熟練的技術(shù)人員或眼科醫(yī)生手工制作一只假眼需要8個(gè)小時(shí)。該技術(shù)背后的科學(xué)家在《自然通訊》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇新論文中寫(xiě)道，與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，3D打印眼睛所需的勞動(dòng)力減少了五倍。)

”可知，作者通過(guò)比較的手段來(lái)闡述利用3D打印眼睛的技術(shù)會(huì)比傳統(tǒng)手工制作更快更便捷。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的““About80%ofadultsinneedofprostheticeyescouldtheoreticallyhaveonemadethisway,eitherduetoabirthdefectthatcausesaneyetobesmallormissingorbecausethey'velostaneye,”theteamsaid.“However,thiswouldn'tbepossibleforallpatients,suchasthosewhohaveaveryplexeyesocket,asthesoftwarewouldn'tbeabletofindamatchingshapefortheprostheticeye,”Reinhardsaid.(研究小組說(shuō)：“理論上，大約80%需要假眼的成年人可以這樣做，要么是因?yàn)槌錾毕輰?dǎo)致眼睛小或缺失，要么是因?yàn)樗麄兪チ艘恢谎劬?。”“然而，這并不適用于所有患者，比如那些眼窩非常復(fù)雜的患者，因?yàn)檐浖o(wú)法找到與假眼匹配的形狀，”Reinhard說(shuō)。)”可知，由于有些人眼窩結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此不是每個(gè)需要假眼的成年人都能擁有一只。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“Extremelyauthenticlookingprostheticeyescannowbe3Dprintedinafractionofthetimeitwouldnormallytaketoproducetheeyesbyhand,scientistsdemonstrateinanewstudy.(科學(xué)家在一項(xiàng)新研究中證明，現(xiàn)在可以用3D打印技術(shù)制作出非常逼真的假眼，而其所用時(shí)間僅為手工制作假眼所需的時(shí)間的一小部分。)”和第二段的“Thenewtechnologycancreateaprostheticeyeinjust90minutes,paredwiththeeighthoursitwouldnormallytakeaskilledtechnician,orocularist,toproduceonebyhand.The3Dprintedeyesrequirefivetimeslesslabortomakethantraditionalmethods,thescientistsbehindthetechnologywroteinanewpaperpublishedinthejournalNaturemunications.(這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)可以在90分鐘內(nèi)制造出一只假眼，而通常情況下，熟練的技術(shù)人員或眼科醫(yī)生手工制作一只假眼需要8個(gè)小時(shí)。該技術(shù)背后的科學(xué)家在《自然通訊》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇新論文中寫(xiě)道，與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，3D打印眼睛所需的勞動(dòng)力減少了五倍。)

”可知，通過(guò)3D打印技術(shù)制作假眼比傳統(tǒng)手工制作更節(jié)省成本而且自然逼真，因此對(duì)于有需要的人來(lái)說(shuō)是更好的選擇，A項(xiàng)“3D打印眼睛——更好的選擇”可以作為標(biāo)題。故選A。DRecentexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPittsburghshednewlightonhowwelearnandhowwerememberourrealworldexperiences.Theresearch,describedintheMarch12,2024onlineeditionofproceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScience,suggeststhatvaryingwhatwestudyandspacingoutourlearningovertimecanbothbehelpfulformemory.“Lotsofpriorresearchhasshownthatlearningandmemorybenefitfromspacingstudysessionsout,”saidBenjamin,adirectoroftheCausalLearningandDecisionMakingLabatPitt.“Forexample,ifyoucramthenightbeforeatest,youmightremembertheinformationthenextdayforthetest,butyouwillprobablyforgetitfairlysoon,”headded.“Incontrast,ifyoustudythematerialondifferentdaysleadinguptothetest,youwillbemorelikelytorecallitforalongerperiodoftime.”But“spacingeffect”hasbeenbasedontheideathatwhatyouaretryingtolearnrepeatsidenticallyeachtime.Yetthatisrarelythecaseinreallife,whensomefeaturesofourexperiencesmaystaythesame,butothersarelikelytochange.Forexample,imaginerepeattripstoyourlocalcoffeeshop.Whilemanyfeaturesmaystaythesameoneachvisit,anewbarista(咖啡師)maybeservingyou.Howdoesthespacingeffectworkinlightofsuchvariationacrossexperiences?Intwoexperiments,researchersaskedparticipantstorepeatedlystudypairsofitemsandscenesthatwereeitheridenticaloneachrepetitionorinwhichtheitemstayedthesamebutthescenechangedeachtime.Researchersfoundthatspacedlearningbenefiteditemmemory.Buttheyalsofoundthatmemorywasbetterfortheitemsthathadbeenpairedwithdifferentscenesparedwiththoseshownwiththesamesceneeachtime.“Itishardtoprovideclearadviceforthingslikestudyingforatestbecausethesortofmaterialcanbesodifferent,”Benjaminsaid.“Butintheoryourfindingsshouldbebroadlyrelevanttodifferentsortsoftasks,likerememberingsomeone’snameandthingsaboutthemandlearningnewvocabularyinaforeignlanguage.”12.Inwhatwayis“spacingeffect”challengedinreality?A.Thelackofsufficientlearningtime.B.Themisuseofthememorytechnique.C.Therepetitionofthelearningprocess.D.Thevariabilityofreallifeexperiences.13.Whichbehaviorisleastlikelytocontributetolongtermmemory?A.Integratingspacedrepetitionintolearning.B.Studyingintensivelythenightbeforeatest.C.Linkingnewinformationwithdifferenttasks.D.Learningmaterialsagainstvariousbackgrounds.14.WhatwillBenjaminsuggestreadersdotorememberanewperson'sname?A.Usethenameinconversationsshortlyaftermeetingthem.B.Repeatthenamebyassociatingitwithdifferentinformation.C.Practiceitemmemorytocreateamentalimagewiththeperson.D.Engageinactivelisteningwhentheyareintroducingthemselves.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theimpactofconstantspacedstudy.B.Thestudyofvariousandselfpacedlearning.C.Theroleofvariedlearningandspacedstudy.D.Thesignificanceofrepeatedlearningsessions.【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了多樣化學(xué)習(xí)和間隔學(xué)習(xí)的作用?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“But“spacingeffect”hasbeenbasedontheideathatwhatyouaretryingtolearnrepeatsidenticallyeachtime.Yetthatisrarelythecaseinreallife,whensomefeaturesofourexperiencesmaystaythesame,butothersarelikelytochange.”（但“間隔效應(yīng)”是基于這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即你每次都試圖學(xué)習(xí)相同的內(nèi)容。然而，在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中很少會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況，我們經(jīng)歷的某些特征可能保持不變，但其他特征可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化）可知，“間距效應(yīng)”在現(xiàn)實(shí)中因現(xiàn)實(shí)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的可變性而受到挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forexample,ifyoucramthenightbeforeatest,youmightremembertheinformationthenextdayforthetest,butyouwillprobablyforgetitfairlysoon”（例如，如果你在考試前一天晚上臨時(shí)抱佛腳，你可能會(huì)在第二天記住考試的信息，但很快就會(huì)忘記）可知，.考試前一天晚上集中學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期記憶的貢獻(xiàn)最小。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butintheoryourfindingsshouldbebroadlyrelevanttodifferentsortsoftasks,likerememberingsomeone’snameandthingsaboutthemandlearningnewvocabularyinaforeignlanguage”（但從理論上講，我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該與不同類(lèi)型的任務(wù)廣泛相關(guān)，比如記住某人的名字和他們的事情，以及學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的新詞匯）可知，本杰明建議讀者通過(guò)將名稱(chēng)與不同信息關(guān)聯(lián)來(lái)重復(fù)該名字。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theresearch,describedintheMarch12,2024onlineeditionofproceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScience,suggeststhatvaryingwhatwestudyandspacingoutourlearningovertimecanbothbehelpfulformemory.”（這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在2024年3月12日的《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上，研究表明，隨著時(shí)間的推移，改變我們學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容和間隔學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間都對(duì)記憶力有幫助。）以及下文的敘述可知，短文介紹了多樣化學(xué)習(xí)和間隔學(xué)習(xí)的作用。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Maximalism,asadesignaesthetic(審美),isrootedinculturalshiftsthroughouthistory.Inthemid20thcentury,minimalismdominatedsocialaesthetic,whichlaidgreatemphasisontheideaoflesswasmore.Inthelate1960s,postmodernismchallengedtheideasofminimalismandembracedamoreplayfulapproachtodesign.___16___Duringthe1980s,maximalismreacheditspeakandcontinuedtoevolveinthefollowingdecades.Today,maximalismhasbeeanoticeabledesignstylecharacterizedbycelebratingindividuality,embracingtheunexpected,andcreatingstunningandexpressivespaces.___17___Theyholdthatmaximalismcanmakehomesblossomintospacesthatradiatewithwarmthandjoy,andreflectthepersonalitiesandtastesofeveryoneinthehouse.___18___Evenhallwayscanbeturnedintogallerylikespaceswithuniqueartcollections,vibrantwallcoveringsthatenhancevisualimpact.Mirrors,ifstrategicallyplaced,canaddtothepleasantfeelofaspacethatcouldotherwisebeaboringpassage.Thelivingroomunfoldswithpatternsanddecoritems,creatingadynamicandcozyatmospherewhichisallaboutindividualityandfort.___19___Abinationofdecorationitemssuchassculptures,vases,andbooksarealsoondisplay.Breakingfreefromregularkitchenaesthetics,maximalismtransformskitchensintoexcitingandinspiringenvironments.Usingunexpectedkitchenlightingoptionscanaddsomehomeatmosphere.___20___Asaninterior(室內(nèi)的)stylist,Iencourageyoutogetthebestfromyourhomeandthepossessionsyoualreadyhavebydisplayingwhatyoulovemost.Thiswillsparkjoyeverywhereyoulook,andthisconceptisattheheartofmaximalism.A.Delicatetablelampsmayworkwell.B.Yourhomeshouldbeacelebrationofallyouare.C.Manyinteriordesignersareadvocatesofmaximalism.D.Maximalismbreatheslifeintooftenoverlookedcorners.E.Youcanfindavarietyofwaystobringitintoyourhome,too.F.Maximalismemergedasareactionagainsttheideaofsimplicity.G.Thereisamixofdifferentpatternsthroughthrowpillowsandcurtains.【答案】16.F17.C18.D19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了極繁主義的概念以及如何應(yīng)用?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Maximalism,asadesignaesthetic(審美),isrootedinculturalshiftsthroughouthistory.Inthemid20thcentury,minimalismdominatedsocialaesthetic,whichlaidgreatemphasisontheideaoflesswasmore.Inthelate1960s,postmodernismchallengedtheideasofminimalismandembracedamoreplayfulapproachtodesign.(極繁主義作為一種設(shè)計(jì)美學(xué)，植根于歷史上的文化變遷。20世紀(jì)中期，極簡(jiǎn)主義主導(dǎo)了社會(huì)美學(xué)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“少即是多”。在20世紀(jì)60年代后期，后現(xiàn)代主義挑戰(zhàn)了極簡(jiǎn)主義的思想，并采用了一種更有趣的設(shè)計(jì)方法)”以及后文“Duringthe1980s,maximalismreacheditspeakandcontinuedtoevolveinthefollowingdecades.(在20世紀(jì)80年代，極繁主義達(dá)到了頂峰，并在接下來(lái)的幾十年里繼續(xù)發(fā)展)”可知，后文提到了極繁主義達(dá)到頂峰，可知本句是在說(shuō)明極繁主義的出現(xiàn)，故F選項(xiàng)“極繁主義的出現(xiàn)是對(duì)簡(jiǎn)約思想的一種反抗”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Today,maximalismhasbeeanoticeabledesignstylecharacterizedbycelebratingindividuality,embracingtheunexpected,andcreatingstunningandexpressivespaces.(如今，極繁主義已經(jīng)成為一種引人注目的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格，其特點(diǎn)是崇尚個(gè)性，擁抱意外，創(chuàng)造令人驚嘆和富有表現(xiàn)力的空間)”以及后文“Theyholdthatmaximalismcanmakehomesblossomintospacesthatradiatewithwarmthandjoy,andreflectthepersonalitiesandtastesofeveryoneinthehouse.(他們認(rèn)為，極繁主義可以使家庭綻放出溫暖和喜悅的空間，并反映出房子里每個(gè)人的個(gè)性和品味)”可知，后文提到了一些人對(duì)極繁主義的看法，可知本句是在說(shuō)明后文They指代的對(duì)象，故C選項(xiàng)“許多室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師是極繁主義的倡導(dǎo)者”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Evenhallwayscanbeturnedintogallerylikespaceswithuniqueartcollections,vibrantwallcoveringsthatenhancevisualimpact.Mirrors,ifstrategicallyplaced,canaddtothepleasantfeelofaspacethatcouldotherwisebeaboringpassage.(甚至走廊也可以變成畫(huà)廊般的空間，擁有獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)收藏品，充滿活力的墻壁覆蓋物可以增強(qiáng)視覺(jué)沖擊力。鏡子，如果有策略地放置，可以增加一個(gè)空間的愉悅感，否則可能是一個(gè)無(wú)聊的通道)”可知，后文提到了可能會(huì)讓人感到無(wú)聊的走廊和墻壁，講的是房間的角落布置，故D選項(xiàng)“極繁主義為經(jīng)常被忽視的角落注入生命”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thelivingroomunfoldswithpatternsanddecoritems,creatingadynamicandcozyatmospherewhichisallaboutindividualityandfort.(客廳以圖案和裝飾項(xiàng)目展開(kāi)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)充滿活力和舒適的氛圍，這一切都是關(guān)于個(gè)性和舒適)”以及后文“Abinationofdecorationitemssuchassculptures,vases,andbooksarealsoondisplay.(雕塑、花瓶、書(shū)籍等裝飾品也在展覽中)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了客廳以圖案和裝飾項(xiàng)目展開(kāi)，G選項(xiàng)中patterns對(duì)應(yīng)上文patterns。故G選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)抱枕和窗簾可以看到不同的圖案”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Breakingfreefromregularkitchenaesthetics,maximalismtransformskitchensintoexcitingandinspiringenvironments.Usingunexpectedkitchenlightingoptionscanaddsomehomeatmosphere.(打破常規(guī)的廚房美學(xué)，極繁主義將廚房變成令人興奮和鼓舞人心的環(huán)境。使用意想不到的廚房照明可以增加一些家庭氛圍)”可知，上文提到了廚房照明，本句為本段最后一句，A選項(xiàng)中tablelamps對(duì)應(yīng)上文lighting。故A選項(xiàng)“精致的臺(tái)燈可能效果很好”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasChristmasDay.ForAntony,thiswasanotherdayspentinawhitewalled___21___.Hiswifeandsonwereenjoyingthefestivalfeastathome.ButforAntony,hecouldn’tenjoytheChristmas___22___withthem.Instead,hewassurroundedbyflashesofredfromroaringambulances.Hewassavinglives.Aboutfiftyyearsago,AntonywasborninalittlevillageinNorthernGreece,wheretraditionsrandeepandreligiousfestivitieswere___23___withthehighesthonor.However,hewasaboywho____24____Santa.Whenaskedthereason,helaughedoutandsaid,“Hewasalwaysthere,butheneverbroughtmeChristmaspresents.”Helaughedevenlouder,tryingto___25___hissorrowfulfeelingsashedescribedhowalltheotherchildreninthevillagereceivedgiftsexceptforhim.Antonyfurtherrevealedthathisparents’inabilitytoaffordgiftsunintentionally___26___hisbeliefthatSantawasan___27___magicalmanwhodeliberatelyoverlookedhim.Whilehispeersenjoyednewtoys,Antonyfeltthepainofexclusion.Yet,withtimeandmaturity,hishatredtowardsSanta___28___.Insteadoftoys,Antonyfound___29___inexploringhisolderbrother’smedicaltextbooks.Hisappetiteforreadingandtheexamplehisolderbrotherset____30____himtostudyhardandeventuallyhebecamearespectedcardiologistinthehospitalclosetohisvillage,wheredoctorswereespeciallyneeded.Heworked____31____atthehospital,likeSanta,faithfully____32____thegreatestgiftofall.Antony’sstoryservesasa____33____thatone’supbringingdoesnot____34____theirfuture,butdeterminationanddiligencecanpavethewayforremarkableachievements.Wecanrisefrom____3