北京市海淀區(qū)2024-2025學年高三上學期10月考英語試卷 含解析

2024-2025學年度高三英語統(tǒng)練三考生須知1.本卷共8頁，包括三個部分，滿分為100分。練習時間90分鐘。2.考生務必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題紙交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OnasunnyafternoonAnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis____1____.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe____2____movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand____3____.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.____5____,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.“Givehimchestcompressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained____7____.Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals____8____.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,____9____anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s____10____deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.1.A.manager B.client C.grandfather D.aunt2.A.current B.oxygen C.wave D.blood3.A.imagine B.watch C.shout D.record4.A.Hoping B.Assuming C.Complaining D.Recalling5.A.Instantly B.Slightly C.Normally D.Surprisingly6.A.train B.crowds C.platform D.rails7.A.strength B.balance C.consciousness D.control8.A.lookahead B.takeover C.getaround D.keepaway9.A.providing B.engaging C.assisting D.crediting10.A.generous B.grateful C.courageous D.faithful【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.B5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D10.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnthonyPerry在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：20歲的佩里在一家雜貨店上夜班，當時佩里正準備去看他的祖父。A.manager經(jīng)理；B.client客戶；C.grandfather祖父；D.aunt姑媽，伯母。根據(jù)后文“Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.(電擊后心臟還在加速跳動，他爬上平臺，抓起東西，繼續(xù)向祖父的房間走去。)”可知，佩里正準備去看他的祖父。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當佩里和其他驚恐的乘客看到時，電流流過他的身體，他無法控制地顫抖著。A.current氣流；電流；B.oxygen氧氣；C.wave海浪；大海；D.blood血。根據(jù)上句“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了:一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，掉到電軌上，電流會流過他的身體。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看著。A.imagine想象；B.watch看；C.shout呼喊；D.record記錄。根據(jù)后句“Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.(他坐在月臺邊上，慢慢地坐下來)”可知，他準備營救這個人，并不是站在那里看著。故選B?！?題詳解】考動查詞詞義辨析。句意：他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去。A.Hoping希望；B.Assuming假設(shè)，認為；C.Complaining抱怨；D.Recalling回憶。根據(jù)本句“hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他認為自己和受害者之間的鐵軌都通電了，所以他迅速向受害者撲去。故選B?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他立刻感到一陣強烈的電擊穿過他的身體。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Slightly輕微地；C.Normally通常，平常；D.Surprisingly驚人地，出乎意料地。根據(jù)上句“____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他立刻感到一陣強烈的電流穿過他的身體。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設(shè)法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。A.train火車；B.crowds人群；C.platform平臺；D.rails鐵路。根據(jù)上文“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了：一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了鐵軌上，他將受害者的身體從鐵軌上移開。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他在那個人的心臟上按壓了一會兒，直到受害者恢復了意識。A.strength體力；B.balance平衡；C.consciousness意識；D.control控制，掌管。根據(jù)本句“heworkedontheman’sheart(他對受害者進行胸部按壓)”可知，受害者失去了意識，所以進行胸部按壓。故選C。【8題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：佩里讓專業(yè)人士接手。A.lookahead向前看；B.takeover接管；C.getaround規(guī)避，逃避；D.keepaway遠離，避開。根據(jù)上句“Then,first-aidersarrived(隨后，急救人員趕到了)”可知，急救人員趕到后，佩里他們接手。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：晚間新聞報道了這一事件，并稱贊一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A.providing提供；B.engaging參加；C.assisting幫助；D.crediting贊揚。根據(jù)本句“anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife(一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事跡是值得贊揚的，故選D。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對許多人來說，佩里的勇敢事跡表明了選擇同情而非個人安全的力量。A.generous慷慨的；B.grateful感謝的，感激的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.faithful忠實的，忠誠的。根據(jù)上文“Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.(但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設(shè)法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。)”可知，佩里在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerinthe____11____(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyoucandownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme____12____(explore)oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI____13____(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihadnevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.【答案】11nicely12.toexplore13.hadspent【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是密歇根的大自然鼓勵作者探索大自然的故事?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：對我來說，大自然就是在修剪整齊的草地上踢幾分鐘足球?？崭裉幱酶痹~nicely修飾動詞cut，nicely意為“漂亮地”，故填nicely?！?2題詳解】考查不定式。句意：這些經(jīng)歷鼓勵我去探索與自然聯(lián)系的一種原始形式：露營。encouragesb.todo是固定短語，意為“鼓勵某人做某事”，因此空格處用不定式toexplore，故填toexplore?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：雖然我花了很多時間在戶外，但我從來沒有露營過，也沒有體驗過大自然所提供的一切。由Ihadnevercampedorexperienced可知，空格處表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情，所以空格處時態(tài)是過去完成時，因此空格處是hadspent。故填hadspent。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He____14____(combine)thestrengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.____15____heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,____16____(make)dailytaskseasier.Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany.【答案】14.combined15.By##Through16.making【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了明朝時期張思佳改良了剪刀?！?4題詳解】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他將鐵制劍柄的優(yōu)點與獨特的制劍技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起。根據(jù)前句中的“InMingDynasty”和上下文時態(tài)可知，這里講述的是過去的事情，應用一般過去時。故填combined?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：通過加熱和用鋼錘擊邊緣，他創(chuàng)造出了非常堅固和鋒利的刀片，這使日常任務變得更容易。根據(jù)空后的“heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel”可知，這里表示方式，應用介詞by或者through。置于句首，首字母大寫。故填By/Through?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意參考上題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，他創(chuàng)造出了非常堅固和鋒利的刀片，這讓人們更容易作日程工作，這里表示自然而然的結(jié)果，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填making。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D____17____(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquaremillimetresinsize,____18____(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthebody.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(心臟類器官),____19____willworkwiththeartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate____20____(investigate)intoheartdiseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.【答案】17.printed18.uses19.which20.investigations【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了五家比利時公司計劃將一顆3D打印的人造心臟送入太空。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：五家比利時公司計劃在2025年前向國際空間站發(fā)射一顆3D打印的人造心臟，以更好地了解太空中衰老和心臟病的影響。print和空后的artificialheart之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以應用過去分詞，作定語。故填printed?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該設(shè)備只有幾平方毫米大小，使用的墨水由干細胞和生物材料組成，可以發(fā)育成體內(nèi)的任何細胞。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)和句意可知，這里陳述的是現(xiàn)實情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。且主語Thedevice為單數(shù)，所以謂語應用單數(shù)。故填uses。【19題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這些細胞將自己組織成一個發(fā)育中心臟類器官，它將與人工循環(huán)系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導一個非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞adevelopingcardiacorganoid，指物，且在從句中作主語，所以應用which引導。故填which?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這項創(chuàng)新技術(shù)將有助于對心臟病的調(diào)查和一些潛在藥物的試驗?？仗帒妹~，和and后的trials一起作賓語。investigation意為“調(diào)查”，在這里為可數(shù)名詞，且空前沒有表示數(shù)量的限定詞修飾，這里應用名詞復數(shù)。故填investigations。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共11小題；每小題2分，共22分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADearTeachersandParents,ThisJune,duringFinancialLiteracyMonth,wehavesometoshare.In2015,afreeonlinefinancialeducationcoursenamedFutureSmartwasintroducedtomiddleschoolstudents,specificallytargetingthisgroupatatimeintheirliveswhenfinancialhabitstakeholdandgrow.Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacrossall50states.Morethantwomillionstudentshavecompletedthecourse,withalmosthalfcomingfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies.Butwearen’tstoppingthere.Wepromisetoreachfourmillionmorestudentsbytheendof2025.Why?Becausethismomentcallsforbraveaction.Neverbeforehavemoneymanagementandinvestmentdecisionsbeensoeasytoconductatanytimeorplacethroughtheuseofasmartphone.Itistimetoofferstudentsmorecriticalfinancialliteracyeducationtoencouragethemtomakegoodfinancialdecisionsonadailybasisastheymaketheirwaythroughacomplexworld.Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmarteducatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations(模擬)tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandtherewardsoflong-termplanning.Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstepinbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.Inthelargeststudyofitskind,supportedbytheMassMutualFoundationandEVERFI,theUniversityofMassachusettsDonahueInstitute(UMDI)recentlyconcludedthat90%ofstudentssawastatisticallysignificantandeducationallymeaningfulincreaseinknowledgeaftertakingtheFutureSmartcourse.What’smore,theseresultswereconsistentacrossallstudentdemographicsincludingrace,age,gender,schoolyear,andsocioeconomicstatus.Wehavealongwaytogotoreacheverysinglemiddleschoolstudent,butwewelcomethechallenge.Together,ourteamshavestartedamovementtoprovideequalaccesstofinancialeducation,andweinviteotherstojoinus.Visitgetfuturesmart.comtolearnmoreandseehowyoucanbringFutureSmarttotheyoungpeopleinyourlife.MICHAELFANNINGRAYMARTINEZHeadofMassMutualUSPresidentandCo-FounderofEVERFI21.ThecourseFutureSmart.A.isofferedintwodifferentlanguagesB.requiresskillfulsmartphoneoperationC.hasbeenboughtbyalargenumberofschoolsD.targetsstudentsfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies22.HowdoesFutureSmartintroducefinancialconcepts?A.Byestablishingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.B.Bymanagingopportunitiesandrewards.C.Bysimulatingreal-lifesituations.D.Bydelayingfinancialgain.23.Aftertakingthecourse,thestudentsshouldbeableto.A.improvetheiracademicperformanceB.acceptfinancialchallengesatanytimeC.understandpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsD.buildastablefinancialfoundationforthefuture【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。一門名為FutureSmart的免費在線金融教育課程被介紹給了中學生，該課程專門針對這一群體，旨在教年輕人如何建立堅實的財務基礎(chǔ)?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacrossall50states.(快進到今天，F(xiàn)utureSmart有英語和西班牙語版本，已經(jīng)覆蓋了美國50個州的13000多所學校。)”可知，F(xiàn)utureSmart課程以兩種不同的語言提供。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段首句“Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmarteducatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations(模擬)tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandtherewardsoflong-termplanning.(從權(quán)衡機會成本到為了長期財務收益而推遲即時滿足，F(xiàn)utureSmart通過實際模擬教育我們的年輕人，介紹日常財務決策和長期規(guī)劃獎勵等概念。)”可知，F(xiàn)utureSmart通過模擬現(xiàn)實情況引入金融概念。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段末句“Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstepinbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.(教年輕人如何建立堅實的財務基礎(chǔ)是建立財務健康社區(qū)的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.(雖然我們的工作還遠未完成，但我們知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，F(xiàn)utureSmart課程是為了教年輕人如何建立堅實的財務基礎(chǔ)，且效果非常好。所以，學習完課程后，學生應該能夠為未來建立一個穩(wěn)定的財務基礎(chǔ)。故選D。BAfewdaysago,myhusband,Russ,andIlostourhouseof28yearstoaCaliforniawildfire.Onthatnight,wehadtoleaveourhouseandsleepinthebackseatofourFord.Thenextmorning,wehadtodrivethreeandahalfhourstofindahotelthathadanavailableroom.Onlylater,inthelocalnewspaper,didweseephotographsofthedestruction.Ourhousehadbeenconsumedbythefirealongwithmostofourneighborhood.Howarewegoingtorebuildafterthis?Ithought,roundingacornerinthesidewalkonmywalkbacktothehotel.Isitevenpossible?Inoticedsomethingupahead—apairofnickels,shininglikepreciousjewels.Theywerejustnickels,buttheysomehowfeltspecial.Ibentdownandpickedthemup.Ifthesewereluckycoins,IcouldusealltheluckIcouldget.Afewdayslater,Imadeatriptothestoretobuyessentials.Theenormoustaskofreplacingeverythingwe’dlostputaheavyweightonme.IwasabouttoleavewhenIfelttheurgetostopandturnmyheadtotheright.Icouldhardlybelieveit—thereonashelf,wasanickel!Okay,maybethisismorethanluck,Ithoughtandputthenickelinmypocket.ItoldmyselfthatIhadfoundthenickelsjustbychance.ThenIfoundonenexttomyplateatarestaurant—onThanksgiving,noless,whenIwasmissingourhousemorethanever.Itseemedthatanickelappearedwhenevermyspiritsplummeted.WheneverIreachedmybreakingpoint,I’dfindanothernickel.Inthegrassatthepark,ornearthetireofmycarinaparkinglot.Once,mychangeforaquicklunchwasgivenentirelyinnickels.“I’msorry,”thecashiersaid.“It’sallwehave.”It’sallIneeded!Oneday,Iwassittingatthedeskwhenmyphonerang.Itwasareal-estateagentI’dbeenworkingwith.“Ihaveanewlisting,”shesaid.“Whencanweseeit?”AfewhourslaterRussandIwerefollowingtheagentdownthedrivewaytowardthehouse.Ididn’tthinklong.Becausethere,inthedriveway,…24.Afterthewildfire,thecouple________.A.livedintheircarforonenightB.tooksomephotosofthedestructionC.couldhardlyaffordtheirThanksgivingdinnerD.savedpreciousitemsfromtheburneddownhouse25.Whatdidthefoundnickelsmeantotheauthor?A.Luckfortheforeseeablefuture. B.Hopeduringchallengingtimes.C.Signsofahugefortunetocome. D.Remindersofwhathadhappened.26.Whichwouldbethebestendingforthepassage?A.Ispottedaflashofsilverinthesun,twonickels,bothheadsup.B.Ifoundanoldnickel,whichseemedtotellastoryfromthepast.C.Isawamysteriouslockedbox,andthoughtperhapsitwasfullofnickels.D.Ilookedupandimaginedsomethingonacloud,agiantnickel,justforme.【答案】24.A25.B26.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者住了28年的房子被大火摧毀，住在外面的酒店。偶然撿到2枚鎳幣，后來作者發(fā)現(xiàn)每當作者情緒低落的時候就會出現(xiàn)鎳幣的故事?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onthatnight,wehadtoleaveourhouseandsleepinthebackseatofourFord.(那天晚上，我們不得不離開家，睡在我們的福特汽車后座上。)”可知野火過后，這對夫婦在他們的車里住了一夜，故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Inoticedsomethingupahead-apairofnickels,shininglikepreciousjewels.Theywerejustnickels,buttheysomehowfeltspecial.Ibentdownandpickedthemup.Ifthesewereluckycoins,IcouldusealltheluckIcouldget.(我注意到前面有什么東西——一對五分鎳幣，像珍貴的珠寶一樣閃閃發(fā)光。它們只是五分硬幣，但不知何故，它們讓人感覺很特別。我彎下腰把它們撿起來。如果這些是幸運硬幣，我可以用我能得到的所有運氣。)”以及第六段“Itseemedthatanickelappearedwhenevermyspiritsplummeted.(似乎每當我情緒低落時，就會出現(xiàn)一枚鎳幣。)”可推知發(fā)現(xiàn)鎳幣對作者來說意味著困難時期的希望。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Itseemedthatanickelappearedwhenevermyspiritsplummeted.(似乎每當我情緒低落時，就會出現(xiàn)一枚鎳幣。)”可知作者總是在心情低落時撿到你鎳幣，所以同樣在車道上，陽光下又看到了硬幣，并且也呼應第四段“Inoticedsomethingupahead-apairofnickels,shininglikepreciousjewels.(我注意到前面有什么東西——一對五分鎳幣，像珍貴的珠寶一樣閃閃發(fā)光。)”所以A選項是文章最好的結(jié)尾，故選A。CThestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgiveofftheheatinthefirstplace.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysstudyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalengineer.Humansaren’ttheonlypotentiallyaffected.“Foralotofthingsinthesubsurface,it’skindof‘outofsight,outofmind’,”saysGrantFerguson,ageologist.Buttheundergroundworldisfullofcreaturesthathaveadaptedtosubsurfaceexistencesuchasinsectsandsnails.Asthetemperaturerisesbecauseofclimatechangeandundergroundurbandevelopment,scientistsarekeepingeyesonthepotentialimplicationsforundergroundecosystems.Butthequestionofhowundergroundhotspotscouldaffectinfrastructurehasgonelargelyunstudied.Becausematerialsexpandandcontractwithtemperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfromundergroundcouldbecontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.Tounderstandhowundergroundtemperaturedifferencehasaffectedtheground’sphysicalproperties,heusedacomputermodeltosimulate(模擬)theundergroundenvironmentfromthe1950stonow—andthento2050.Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,someareasmayliftupwardbyasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingonthesoilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Thoughthesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcausecracksinthefoundationsofsomebuildings,causingbuildingstofall.KathrinMenberg,ageoscientistinGermany,saysthesedisplacementpredictionsarefarbeyondherguessesandcouldbelinkedtothesoft,clay-heavysoils.“Claymaterialisparticularlysensitive,”shesays,“Itwouldbeabigissueinallcitiesworldwidethatarebuiltonsuchmaterial.”Likeclimatechangeabovethesurface,undergroundchangesoccurgradually.“Theseeffectstookdecadestodevelop,”Fergusonsays,addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipateontheirown.“Wecouldbasicallyturneverythingoff,andit’sgoingtoremainthere,thetemperaturesignal,forquiteawhile.”ButFergusonsaysthiswastedheatenergycouldalsobereused,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Still,thisassumptioncouldfailasabovegroundclimatechangecontinuestoboostundergroundwarming.Howeverslowly,thisheatwillgatherbeneathourfeet.“It’slikeclimatechange,”RottaLoriasays.“Maybewedon’tseeitalways,butit’shappening.”27.TheauthorquotesRottaLoriainParagraph2mainlyto_______.A.makeaprediction B.highlightafindingC.drawaconclusion D.raiseanassumption28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.“Urbanheatislands”extendundergroundtospareecosystems.B.Surfaceclimatechangecontributestothereuseofundergroundheat.C.Undergroundtemperaturesmirrortheground’sphysicalcharacteristics.D.Buildingsmaycollapseasapotentialconsequenceofundergroundheat.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipate”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Show. B.Stay. C.Develop. D.Disappear.30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Undergroundclimatechangeisasilentdanger.B.Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.C.Coolingthesubsurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.D.Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveonenergycosts.【答案】27.B28.D29.D30.A【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了城市的熱量正在向地下傳播，這會影響到一些地面建筑材料，且這種變化是不易察覺的，是一種無聲的危險。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.(城市的街道和屋頂都會吸收熱量，這使得一些城市地區(qū)比農(nóng)村地區(qū)更熱。隨著城市熱量向下傳播，這些“城市熱島”也會在地下發(fā)展，地鐵軌道和其他地下基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也會不斷向周圍的地球輻射熱量)”說明城市熱量在向地下發(fā)展，第二段““Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysstudyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalengineer.(“在沒有人意識到的情況下，芝加哥市中心正在變形，”研究報告的作者、環(huán)境工程師羅塔·洛里亞說)”引用RottaLoria的話突出了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Becausematerialsexpandandcontractwithtemperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfromundergroundcouldbecontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.(由于材料會隨著溫度的變化而膨脹和收縮，羅塔懷疑來自地下的熱量可能會導致各種結(jié)構(gòu)的磨損)”及“Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,someareasmayliftupwardbyasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingonthesoilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Thoughthesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcausecracksinthefoundationsofsomebuildings,causingbuildingstofall.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，到本世紀中葉，一些地區(qū)可能會向上抬升0.50英寸或下沉0.32英寸，這取決于該地區(qū)的土壤構(gòu)成。雖然這些聽起來像是很小的位移，但羅塔說，它們可能會導致一些建筑物的地基出現(xiàn)裂縫，導致建筑物倒塌)”可知，地下熱量的潛在后果是建筑物可能倒塌。故選D?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimeto(他補充說，地下溫度的升高同樣需要很長時間才能)”及后文“Wecouldbasicallyturneverythingoff,andit’sgoingtoremainthere,thetemperaturesignal,forquiteawhile.(我們基本上可以把所有的東西都關(guān)掉，溫度信號會在那里停留很長一段時間)”可推知，關(guān)掉開關(guān)，也不會導致地下溫度升高立即消失，因此，地下溫度升高需要很長時間才能消失，劃線詞與disappear意思一致。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.(城市的街道和屋頂都會吸收熱量，這使得一些城市地區(qū)比農(nóng)村地區(qū)更熱。隨著城市熱量向下傳播，這些“城市熱島”也會在地下發(fā)展，地鐵軌道和其他地下基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也會不斷向周圍的地球輻射熱量)”及第二段“AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgiveofftheheatinthefirstplace.(一項針對芝加哥市中心的新研究表明，地下熱點可能會威脅到最初散發(fā)熱量的相同結(jié)構(gòu))”結(jié)合最后一段““It’slikeclimatechange,”RottaLoriasays.“Maybewedon’tseeitalways,butit’shappening.”(“這就像氣候變化，”羅塔·洛里亞說?！耙苍S我們并不總是看到這種情況，但它正在發(fā)生?！?”可知，本文介紹了城市的熱量正在向地下傳播，這會影響到一些地面建筑材料，且這種變化是不易察覺的，因此，作者想要告訴我們“地下氣候變化是一種無聲的危險”。故選A。DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment. B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost. D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeable B.predictable C.bearable D.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.【答案】31.A32.A33.D34.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了目前關(guān)于如何應對氣候變化有兩種不同觀點——適應氣候變化或者阻止氣候變化，但作者認為適應氣候變化是可行的和必要的?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2段的“DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.(大衛(wèi)·弗羅斯特(DavidFrost)認為，考慮到地球現(xiàn)在似乎肯定會變暖的程度，阻止氣候變化不再是一種選擇。)

”可以判斷Frost是支持適應氣候變化的，根據(jù)第4段“TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.(英國當局發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關(guān)適應氣候變化的辯論很困難。部分原因是一些活動人士聲稱適應氣候變化是不可行的。他們說，氣候變化將終結(jié)人類文明，有可能導致整個人類滅絕。)”可知英國當局對關(guān)于適應論的爭論犯了難，即不知道該支持哪邊，對是否去適應氣候變化存疑。故選A?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段破折號后的“includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandoth