八年級(jí)上冊(cè)新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)各單元語(yǔ)法

1.Howoften引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句Howoftendoyoudosth?意為“你多久做一某事？”該句型常用來(lái)詢問某動(dòng)作隔多久進(jìn)行一次，即詢問中間隔的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度、動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率。常見的答語(yǔ)是：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,threetimesaday,onceaweek,everyday等。如：------Howoftendoyouhikewithyourfriends?你隔多久和你的朋友去遠(yuǎn)足一次？------EveryFriday.每周五。------Howoftendoyoucleanyourroom?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間打掃一次你的房間？------Often.經(jīng)常。2.Whatdoyou/doeshe/shedoon/in……?句型Whatdoyou/doeshe/shedoon/in……?你/他/她在……(時(shí)間)做什么？這是詢問某人在某時(shí)通常干什么的句型。答語(yǔ)通常為I/we+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分或He/She+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他成分。如：-----WhatdoyoudoonSundays?你在星期天干什么？-----IoftencleanmyhouseonSundays?我星期天經(jīng)常打掃我的房子。-----Whatdoesyourfatherdoaftersupper?你爸爸晚飯后干什么？-----Heusuallygoesforawalk.他通常取散步。對(duì)劃線部分提問Theteacherhardlygivesusatest.________________theteachergiveyouatest?Inevergetupbeforefiveo’clock?__________doyougetupbeforefiveo’clock?LiTaooftenhasriceforlunch.__________LiTaooften_____forlunch?IusuallyreadEnglishinthemorning.__________youusually______inthemorning?Mymothergoestoseemygrandparentstwiceamonth._______________yourmother_____toseeyourgrandparents?答案：1.Howoftendoes2.Howoften3.Whatdoeshave4.Whatdodo5.Howoftendoesgo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should和can，may，must一樣，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有詞意，但都不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)?；疽馑际恰皯?yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”，常用來(lái)表示建議或命令等。如：Youshouldworkharder.你應(yīng)該更努力地工作。否定式和疑問式的構(gòu)成與can，may，must一樣。如：Youshouldn’tplaysoccerinthestreet.你們不應(yīng)該在街上踢足球。Whoshouldpaythetaxidriver?誰(shuí)應(yīng)該付出租車錢？注意：常用句型Youshould/shouldn’tdosth表示“建議某人（不）做某事”。其他表示“建議”的句型還有：Whynotdosth?/Whydon’tyoudosth?/Howaboutdoingsth?/Whataboutdoingsth?/It’sagoodideatodosth/You’dbetterdosth等。單項(xiàng)填空1.We_________keepthenewtrafficlaw(交通法).A.mayB.shouldC.canD.needI’dliketobuyanewshirt,butIdon’tknow__________.A.wherecouldbuyitB.IshouldtakewhichC.whichIshouldtakeD.wherecanIgetit寫出同義表達(dá)Whynothavearest?(1)Why_______________havearest?(2)You’d__________________arest.(3)You_______________arest.(4)_________________havingarest?答案：1.B2.C(1)don’tyou(2)betterhave(3)shouldhave(4)what/howabout現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的用法在英語(yǔ)中，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，主要分兩種情況：某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如：go，come，leave，arrive等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如MyfatherisleavingforNanjingtomorrow.我爸爸將明天動(dòng)身去南京。I’mgoingcampingnextweek.我下周要去野營(yíng)。除表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞外，還有很多動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。尤其是按計(jì)劃、安排等要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如We’revisitingourauntthisafternoon.今天下午我們將去拜訪我們的姑姑。用所給動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)填空She________(go)sightseeingnextweekend.I_________(plan)tospendtimeinthebeautifulcountryside.----Whatareyoudoingforvacation?----I_________(go)campingwithmyparents.Look,thebus________(come)!_________you__________(do)anythingspecial()tonight?When__________you________(leave)forBeijing?They__________(relax)athomeduringNationalDay.Tonight,we________(rent)videosandwatchingalot.I_________(meet)youafterclass.單項(xiàng)填空__________yourfriend_________thiseveningortomorrowevening?A.Do;arriveB.Does;arriveC.Is;arrivingD.Are;arriving答案：1.isgoing2.amplanning3.amgoing4.iscoming5.Are,doing6.are,leaving7.arerelaxing8.arerenting9.ammeetingC詢問怎樣去某地詢問怎樣去某地，用句型該問句的答語(yǔ)有以下幾種：1.“take+限定詞+交通工具名稱”。如：----HowdoesyourfathergotoTibet?你爸爸怎樣去西藏？----Hetakesthetrain.他乘火車。----HowdoesLilygettoschool?莉莉怎樣去上學(xué)？----Shetakesthesubway.她乘地鐵。2.“by+交通工具名稱”，泛指乘坐某種交通工具。注意：該短語(yǔ)中交通工具名稱前不加任何限定詞。如：----Howdoyougotothecinema?你怎樣去電影院？----Igobytaxi.我乘出租車去。----Howdoesyourbrothergotoschool?你哥哥怎樣去上學(xué)？----Hegoestoschoolbybike.他騎自行車去上學(xué)。3.“in/on+限定詞+交通工具名稱”，可表達(dá)所乘的具體的交通工具。如：----HowdoesLiLeigotoworkeveryday?李雷每天怎樣去上班？----Hegoestoworkinhiscar.他自己開車去上班。----Howdidyougotoschoolthismorning?今天早晨你是怎樣去上學(xué)的？----Iwenttoschoolonmyfather’sbike.Mineisbroken.我騎我爸爸的自行車去的，我的自行車壞了。4.“動(dòng)詞+to+地點(diǎn)名詞”，常用的動(dòng)詞有walk，ride，drive，fly。如：Heridestohisuncle’shome.他騎車去他叔叔家。Myauntdrivestoworkeveryday.我姑姑每天駕車上班。一．單項(xiàng)選擇1.Howdoesyourfathergotowork,________footof________bike?A.on;withB.with;onC.by;onD.on;by2.Maryoftencomestomyhome_________herbike.A.withB.onC.atD.in3.-----Ioftengotoschool________.Whataboutyou?-----Ioften________toschool.A.bybus;ridebikeB.byabus;rideabikeC.byabus;byabikeD.bybus;ride二．同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Ioftengotherebysubway.Ioftengothere____________________________.Ioften_____________________________togothere.2.DoyougotoNewYorkbyair?DoyougotoNewYork__________________?3.Sometimesthegirlgoestothesupermarketonfoot.Sometimesthegirl________tothesupermarket.三．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成以下各題的多種表達(dá)1.他們要坐船去哪兒。(1)Theywillgothere__________________.(2)Theywillgothere__________________.(3)Theywillgothere__________________.(4)Theywillgothere_____________________________.(5)Theywillgothere____________________________.2.格林先生明天將乘飛機(jī)去英國(guó)。(1)Mr.Greenwill________________Englandtomorrow.(2)Mr.Greenwill________________England___________________tomorrow.(3)Mr.Greenwill________________England________________tomorrow.3.布朗先生每天步行去上班。(1)Mr.Brown_______________workeveryday.(2)Mr.Brown______________work_______________everyday.4.李明通常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。(1)LiMingusuallygoestoschool________________.(2)LiMingusuallygoestoschool__________________________.(3)LiMingusually__________________________toschool.答案：一.1.D2.B3.D二.1.onasubway/takethesubway2.byplane3.walks三.1.(1)byship(2)byboat(3)bysea(4)inaboat(5)onaboat2.(1)flyto(2)goto;byplane(3)goto;byair3.(1)walksto(2)goesto;onfoot4.(1)bybus(2)onabus(3)takesthebuscan表請(qǐng)求或建議時(shí)的用法can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后可直接跟動(dòng)詞原形，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過其基本意思是“能，會(huì)”，指在體力或腦力方面的能力。如：I/You/He/She/WecanspeakEnglish.我/你（們）/他/她/我們會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。-----CanyousingthissonginEnglish?你會(huì)用英語(yǔ)唱這首歌嗎？-----Yes,Ican.是的，我會(huì)唱。/No,Ican’t.不，我不會(huì)唱。Can還可以用在疑問句中，表示委婉地邀請(qǐng)或向別人征求意見等，常用Canyou…..?“你能嗎？”，肯定回答一般為：Yes./Sure./Certainly,I’dloveto.“是的（當(dāng)然可以），我很愿意?！狈穸ɑ卮鹨话悴恢苯佑肗o，而用I’msorry./Sorry。表示禮貌地拒絕；也可用I’dlove/liketo,but….表示不能接受的原因并表示歉意。如：-----Canyouhelpmetakethesebookstotheclassroom?你能幫我把這些書拿到教室去嗎？-----Sure,I’dloveto.當(dāng)然可以，我很愿意。/Sorry,Ican’t.對(duì)不起，我不能去。單項(xiàng)填空1.-----________yougotothemusiclesson?-----Sorry,Ican’t.A.DoB.CanC.MustD.May2.That’seasy.I_______dothattomorrow.A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Shecangotothebasketballgame.(給為一般疑問句并作否定回答)------_________shegotothebasketballgame?------No,she________.Jeffcancometotheparty.(改為否定句)Jeff________cometotheparty.CanyoucometomypartyonSaturday?(作肯定回答)______________________________CanyougotothemallthisSunday?（做否定回答）________________,Ihavealotofworktodo.改錯(cuò)1.-----Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?-----No,itmustn’tbehim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.2.-----Canyougohikingwithmetoday?-----Sorry,Ican.答案：一.1.B2.A二.1.Can,can’t2.can’t3.Sure,I’dloveto4.Sorry,Ican’t三.1.mustn’t改為can’t2.Ican改為Ican’t形容詞比較級(jí)一．形容詞比較級(jí)的變化1.規(guī)則變化（1）在形容詞后直接加-er。如：tall-----taller，short------shorter等。（2）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的只需在末尾加-r。如：nice------nicer，large-------larger等。（3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，要先把y變成i，然后再加-er。如：heavy------heavier，happy------happier等。（4）若以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，然后再加-er。如：fat------fatter，hot------hotter等。（5）多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞，可不是在末尾變化，而是在前面加more。如：careful-----morecareful，athletic-------moreathletic等。2.不規(guī)則變化good/well------betterbad/badly-------worsemany/much-------morefew/little------less二．形容詞比較級(jí)的用法在描述單個(gè)的某人或某物所具有的特征時(shí)，需要用形容詞原級(jí)形式，當(dāng)把兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，就用比較級(jí)，常見的表示這類用法的句型有：1.“A+be+比較級(jí)+than+B”表示“A在某方面超過B”。如：Thisbookisdearerthanthatone.這本書比那本書貴2.“Which/Who(se)+be+比較級(jí),AorB?”意思是“A和B，哪個(gè)更…….”。如：Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?太陽(yáng)和地球，哪個(gè)更大？Whosebagisheavier,yoursormine?誰(shuí)的包重些，你的還是我的？3.“A+be+the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo(……)”意思是“A是兩者中較…….的一個(gè)?！边@時(shí)前面一定要加the，表示特指。如：Lilyisthetallerofthetwins.莉莉是雙胞胎中個(gè)子較高的那個(gè)。三．常與比較級(jí)連用的詞1.前面可以加上alittle，alot，much，even，still等程度副詞作修飾語(yǔ)。如：Sheismuchmorecarefulthanherbrother.她比她哥哥細(xì)心多了。2.前面還可以加表示數(shù)量、倍數(shù)的修飾語(yǔ)。如：MybrotheristwoyearsolderthanI.我哥哥比我大兩歲。Thisroomistwicebiggerthanthatone.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)房間大兩倍。四．使用比較級(jí)應(yīng)注意的問題1.避免比較對(duì)象的不相同。如：[誤]Myschoolbagisnewerthanyou.[正]Myschoolbagisnewerthan__________2.避免與自身相比。如：[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthanallthecitiesinChina.[正]Shanghaiisbiggerthanallthe________citiesinChina.例：Shanghaiisbiggerthan__________inJiangsu.A.anyothercitiesB.alltheothercitiesC.anycitiesD.othercities一．用所給形容詞的正確形式填空1.Whois__________________(outgoing),SamorTom?2.Thestrongyoungmanlooksvery__________(wild)3.IsJack_________(funny)thanBill?4.Herillnesswas____________________(serious)thanthedoctorfirstthought.5.Igot__________(high)marksthanmysister.二．單項(xiàng)填空1.Englishis________thanJapaneseinChina.A.popularB.popularerC.morepopularD.muchpopularThetwoboyslikesportsverymuch.Theyarevery________.A.unhealthyB.athleticC.moreathleticD.healthierMaryis_________atEnglishthanherbrother.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.wellTheboyis__________thanme,butheeats__________thanme.A.younger;moreB.young;muchC.young;manyD.moreyoung;moreLessonTenis___________thanLessonNine.A.difficultB.moredifficultC.difficulterD.verydifficult三．改為同義句1.Tomis10yearsold.Samis15yearsold.Samis________________Tom.Tomis________________Sam.Myfatheristallerthanmymother.Mymotheris________________myfather.Hisbagisbiggerthanhers.Herbagisn’t_____________________________his.一.1.moreoutgoing2.wild3.funnier4.moreserious二.1.C2.B3.A4.A5.B三.1.olderthan,youngerthan2.shorterthan3.asbigas可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩大類。大多數(shù)名詞為可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，而不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種：(1)規(guī)則變化1)一般名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加-s。如：book----bookspen-----penshat-----hats2)以字母-s，-x，-sh，-ch結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es。如：bus----busesglass----glassesclass-----classesbox------boxesfox------foxeswatch------watchesbrush-----brushesdish------disheswish------wishes3)以-f，-fe結(jié)尾的，把f，fe變?yōu)関，再加-es。如：leaf-----leaveshalf-----halvesself-----selveswife-----wivesknife-----kniveswolf------wolvesshelf------shelvesthief------thieveslife------lives可把以上九個(gè)以-f，-fe結(jié)尾的詞串成這樣的一句口訣記憶：樹葉(leaf)半數(shù)(half)自己(self)黃，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去殺狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。注意：有些詞雖然也是以-f結(jié)尾，但復(fù)數(shù)形式卻是直接加-s。如：roof(屋頂)-----roofsbelief(信仰)------beliefsproof(證據(jù))------proofshandkerchief(手帕)------handkerchiefs4)以“輔音字母+-y”結(jié)尾的，先變y為i，再加-es。如：family-----familieslady-----ladiescity------cities5)以-o結(jié)尾的，有時(shí)加-es，有時(shí)加-s加-es的可串成口訣記憶：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)愛吃西紅柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)。注意：千克的復(fù)數(shù)形式為kilos。如：Iweight52kilos.我的體重是52公斤。(2)不規(guī)則變化有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)屬于不規(guī)則變化，這種變化是通過改變單詞中的某個(gè)字母或在詞尾加后綴構(gòu)成的。1)該a為e型：man------menwoman------womenEnglishman------EnglishmenEnglishwoman-------EnglishwomenFrenchman-------FrenchmenFrenchwoman------Frenchwomenpoliceman------policemenpolicewoman------policewomen2)該oo為ee型：foot------feettooth------teethgoose------geese3)在詞尾加-ren。如：child------children4)其他特殊變化。如：mouse-----mice2.不可數(shù)名詞及其量的表示法：(1)不可數(shù)名詞包括：物質(zhì)名稱：食物：breadmeatricecheesefishbeef飲料：milkwatercolacoffeewinetea自然物質(zhì)：airsoilsandwood抽象名詞：情感：lovepeacefriendshipjoyhappiness概念：exerciseknowledgeenergypopulation學(xué)科：mathgeographyphysicschemistry(2)不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示法：如果要表達(dá)出不可數(shù)名詞具體的數(shù)量，可以通過“計(jì)量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”來(lái)表示。若想表達(dá)量的復(fù)數(shù)概念，只需把計(jì)量詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式即可。如：apieceofpaper一張紙tenpiecesofpaper十張紙acupofcoffee一杯咖啡twocupsofcoffee兩杯咖啡apieceofnews一條消息twopiecesofnews兩條消息adropofink一滴墨水threedropsofink三滴墨水a(chǎn)bottleofmilk一瓶牛奶fivebottlesofmilk五瓶牛奶abagofrice一袋大米twentybagsofrice二十袋大米(3)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及其應(yīng)用：1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可用修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可用基數(shù)詞及some，any，few，afew，many，alotof等來(lái)修飾。不可數(shù)名詞不能直接用數(shù)詞修飾，需用“基數(shù)詞+計(jì)量詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用some，any，little，alittle，muchalotof來(lái)修飾。2)用howmany詢問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的多少。用howmuch詢問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的多少。3)單個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；多個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但當(dāng)其前有“基數(shù)詞+計(jì)量詞+of”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依計(jì)量詞而定。特別提醒：有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞，又是不可數(shù)名詞，但兩種情況下的含義是不同的。如fish作可數(shù)名詞表示“不同種類的魚”，作不可數(shù)名詞表示“魚，魚肉”。詞組翻譯一個(gè)洋蔥____________________________六個(gè)西紅柿_____________________________兩杯咖啡____________________________三茶匙調(diào)料_____________________________十瓶酸奶____________________________四片面包_______________________________六位女醫(yī)生__________________________五名男學(xué)生_____________________________單項(xiàng)填空1.There_________twoslicesofchickenonthetableandthere__________somerelishontheslices.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;arePour_________yogurtintotheglass,andthenmixthemup.A.threeB.threeteaspoonofC.threeteaspoonsD.threeteaspoonsofWeuseoneofthetwo________tocutupthebeef.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.knivsTurkeyisdelicious,butdon’teattoomuchof_________.A.itB.itsC.themD.they答案：一.1.anonion2.sixtomatoes3.twocupsofcoffee4.threeteaspoonsofrelish5.tenbottlesofyogurt6.fourpiecesofbread7.sixwomendoctors8.fiveboystudents二.1.B2.D3.C4.A一般過去時(shí)(一)一·定義：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。二·構(gòu)成：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成有三種形式1.主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他2.therewas/were+其他3.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他例如：Hewasherejustnow.他剛才在這兒。Therewasanoldpictureonthewalllastyear.去年墻上有一張舊畫。Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.昨天我做了家庭作業(yè)。三·動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成1.規(guī)則變化（1）一般的加-ed如：clean----cleanedhelp----helped(2)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-ed如：study----studiedcry----cried(3)以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞直接加-ed如：play----playedenjoy-----enjoyed(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed.如：stop----stoppeddrop-----droppedprefer------preferred2.不規(guī)則變化go-----wenttake-----tookhave------hadbuy-------boughteat-------atesee-----sawhang------hungmeet------metwin-------wonsleep-------sleptput------putcome------camewake------wokeread------readdo-------did四·常與一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.yesterday及其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)Tomlosthisbikeyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午湯姆丟了他的自行車。2.由一段時(shí)間+ago構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)Ifinishedmyhomeworktwohoursago.兩個(gè)小時(shí)前我就完成作業(yè)了。3.由last+時(shí)間名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)Hewenttothemovielastweekend.上周末他去看電影了。4.由介詞+過去時(shí)間的名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)Ourfamilylivedinthecountryin1985.1985年我們家住在農(nóng)村。5.其他一些時(shí)間名詞或短語(yǔ)Isawherjustnow.我剛才看見過她五·一般過去式的句式轉(zhuǎn)換1.句中帶有動(dòng)詞的改為疑問句時(shí)，將was/were提到主語(yǔ)之前，肯定回答為”Yes,主語(yǔ)（代詞）+was/were”和”Yes,therewas/were”否定回答為”No,主語(yǔ)（代詞）+wasn’t/weren’t”和”No,therewasn’t/weren’t”。改為否定句時(shí)，在was/were后加not即可。2.句中含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的，改為疑問句或否定句時(shí)，須借助情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞did.Iknowtheanswer.改為疑問：Didyouknowtheanswer?肯定/否定回答：Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.改為否定句：Ididn’tknowtheanswer.1.do----have-----stop------carry-----give------come-------2.(1)_____________(be)yourmotherinBeijinglastweek?(2)We__________(visit)theSummerPalace(3)Mike____________(nothave)breakfastathomeyesterdaymorning.(4)-----What______you_______(do)lastnight?-----I_________(watch)TVwithmyparents.3.(1)Theycleanedtheirroomyesterday(改為否定句)They_________________theirroomyesterday.(2)WewatchedadolphinshowonTV.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_________________youwatchonTV.(3)Bobwrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.(改為一般疑問句)________Bob_________alettertohisfriendlastnight?(4)Hedoesn’toftengoswimming.(用lastSunday代替often)He_________________swimminglastSunday.(5)Ireadtoday’snewspaperthisafternoon.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_________________youreadtoday’snewspaper.答案：一.1.did2.had3.stopped4.carried5.gave6.came二.1.Was2.visited3.didn’thave4.did,do,watched三.1.didn’tclean2.Whatdid3.Did,write4.didn’tgo5.Whendid一般過去時(shí)（二）一般過去時(shí)的基本用法表示過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：ShewenttoHongKongbyplaneyesterday.她昨天乘飛機(jī)去了香港。Wesawthefilmlastweek.我們上周看了那部電影。表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：LiLeigotupearlyinthemorning,hadbreakfastandthenwenttoschoolbybus.李雷早上起得很早，吃過早飯，然后乘公共汽車上學(xué)。表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：WhenIwasatschool,Ialwayswenttoschoolbybus.我在學(xué)校念書的時(shí)候，總是乘公共汽車上學(xué)。一般過去時(shí)特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的特殊疑問句時(shí)由“疑問詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+其他”或“疑問詞+did+主語(yǔ)+其他”構(gòu)成的。如：Howdidyouknowtheresult?你是怎么知道結(jié)果的？Howmanyappleswerethereonthetable?桌子上有幾個(gè)蘋果？Whendidhestarthiccupping?他是什么時(shí)候開始打嗝的？對(duì)下列各題劃線部分提問：IwasfifteenyearsoldwhenIbecameaping-pongplayer._________________________________________________Theprofessionalsoccerstarplayedfootballfor20years._________________________________________________Jimcameintotheclassroom._________________________________________________Myfatherfeltbettertoday._________________________________________________Imetmyfriendsinthestreetyesterday._________________________________________________答案：Howoldwereyouwhenyoubecameaping-pongplayer?Howlongdidtheprofessionalsoccerstarplayfootball?Whocameintotheclassroom?Howdidyourfatherfeeltoday?5.Whendidyoumeetyourfriendsinthestreet?begoingto的用法1.begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的一種形式。begoingto后接動(dòng)詞原形，be隨主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。2.用法(1)表示主語(yǔ)的意圖，即主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃或打算要做的事。如：Wearegoingtovisitthezoonextweek.我們打算下周去參觀動(dòng)物園。Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?你長(zhǎng)大后打算干什么？(2)表示主語(yǔ)根據(jù)目前跡象所作出的推測(cè)。如：Therearesomanyblackcloudsinthesky.Ithinkit’sgoingtorainsoon.天空中烏云密布，我想很快就要下雨了。(3)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示的是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此常與一些表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：tomorrow明天，tomorrowmorning(afternoom,evening)明天上午（下午，晚上），nextweek(year,month…..)下周（明年，下個(gè)月…..），一周后（兩天后，五年后……），soon不久，有時(shí)還與whenbeforeuntil等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：TheyaregoingtovisitAmericainaweek.一周后他們將去美國(guó)訪問。Whatareyougoingtodowhenyoufinishyourwork?你完成工作后打算干什么？(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的可定、否定及疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。這種時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞是be，be隨主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。構(gòu)成疑問、否定時(shí)應(yīng)借助動(dòng)詞be。下面以動(dòng)詞work為例說(shuō)明?？隙ň浞穸ň湟蓡柧銲amgoingtowork.We(You,They)aregoingtowork.He(She,It)isgoingtoworkIamnotgoingtowork.We(You,They)arenotgoingtowork.He(She,It)isnotgoingtoworkAmIgoingtowork?Arewe(you,they)goingtowork?Ishe(she,It)goingtowork?begoingto與bedoing兩者都表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，move，start，travel，arrive，fly等，一般不用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)，而多用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoing表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Hurryup!Thetrainisleaving.快點(diǎn)！火車就要開了。特別提醒Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)應(yīng)為Thereis/aregoingtobe.如：ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishpartyinClassTwothisevening.二班今天晚上將有一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。一．用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thelibraryistooold.They____________(build)anewone.2.It__________(be)2010nextyear.3.-----What________you_________(be)whenyougrowup?-----I’mgoingtobeanactor.4.Teacher’Dayiscoming.I_________(give)ourteachersomeflowers.5.-----Areyougoingtohaveawelcomeparty?-----Yes,we_________(be)二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thegirlsaregoingtotakeactinglessons.（改為否定句）Thegirls___________________totakeactinglessons.2.Thestudentshaveaschooltripinspring.（用nextweek代替inspring）Thestudents______________________________________aschooltripnextweek.3.They’regoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)____________________theygoingtomeet?一.1.aregoingtobuild2.willbe3.are,goingtobe4.amgoingtogive5.are二.1.aren’tgoing2.aregoingtohave3.WhereareCould的用法Could是can的過去式，它有以下用法：(1)could作為can的過去式，可表示過去具備的能力。如：Shecouldn’tdressherselfuntilfive.Couldyouswimwhenyouwereeight?Could和was/wereableto都可表示過去的能力。但如果表示過去具體的行為能力，不用could，而用was/wereableto表示。如：Luckily,everyonewasabletoescapefromthefire.（2）表示禮貌客氣的請(qǐng)求、懇請(qǐng)對(duì)方做某事，常用句型couldyou(please)……?表示請(qǐng)求希望對(duì)方允許自己做某事時(shí)，用CouldI……?時(shí)態(tài)上還屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Couldyoupleasepassmethebookonthedesk?CouldIhavealookatyourphoto?2.對(duì)could引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的回答：（1）當(dāng)could表示能力時(shí)，肯定、否定回答仍用could/couldn’t如：-----Couldyourideabikewhenyouwereten?-----Yes,Icould./No,Icouldn’t.（2）could表示禮貌請(qǐng)求時(shí)，其肯定回答和否定回答不用could，習(xí)慣上肯定回答用may,can等；否定回答用can’t或mustn’t（語(yǔ)氣重）；有時(shí)也可避而不用。如：①----Couldyouhelpme,please?----Ofcourse(,Ican)②----Couldyoustayforalittlelonger?----Sorry(,Ican’t).Ihavetobebackbeforeseven.③----CouldIsmokehere,please?----No(,youmustn’t).Lookatthesign“NoSmoking”!1.----CouldIhavesomeofyourwater?----Certainly,____________A.giveyouB.hereareyouC.hereyouareDthanksalot2.----CouldIhaveyourpencilforamoment?----_________________.A.SureB.ReallyC.RightD.Itdoesn’tmatter3.----Wouldyouliketogomountain-climbingwithme?----___________,butIhavealotofwor