小學(xué)英語單詞、語法大全

小學(xué)英語單詞、語法大全一、學(xué)習(xí)用品(schoolthings)pen鋼筆pencil鉛筆pencil-case鉛筆盒ruler尺子book書bag包c(diǎn)omicbook漫畫書postcard明信片newspaper報(bào)紙schoolbag書包eraser橡皮crayon蠟筆sharpener卷筆刀story-book故事書notebook筆記本Chinesebook語文書Englishbook英語書mathbook數(shù)學(xué)書magazine雜志dictionary詞典對學(xué)習(xí)用品提問用what,如：Thisisabook.(提問)→Whatisthis?(注意：當(dāng)對名詞提問時(shí)，a/an在句中已無意義，所以要省去。)二、人體（body）foot腳head頭face臉hair頭發(fā)nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴shoulder肩膀knee膝蓋toe腳趾三、顏色（colours）red紅blue藍(lán)yellow黃green綠white白black黑pink粉紅purple紫orange橙brown棕對顏色提問用whatcolour,如：It’sred.(提問)→Whatcolourisit?四、動(dòng)物（animals）cat貓dog狗pig豬duck鴨rabbit兔horse馬elephant大象ant螞蟻fish魚bird鳥eagle鷹beaver海貍snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊貓bear熊lion獅子tiger老虎fox狐貍zebra斑馬deer鹿giraffe長頸鹿goose鵝hen母雞turkey火雞lamb小羊sheep綿羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驢squid魷魚lobster龍蝦shark鯊魚seal海豹spermwhale抹香鯨killerwhale虎鯨對動(dòng)物名詞提問用what,如：It’sadog.(提問)→Whatisit?Myfavouriteanimalisadog.(提問)→What’syourfavouriteanimal?Ilikedogsbest.(提問)→Whichanimaldoyoulikebest?(對like后的名詞提問，也就是對這種名詞所屬類別的一種提問，所以要用which＋類別詞做疑問詞。)五、人物（people）friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母親father父親sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔；舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士；小姐mom媽媽dad爸爸parents父母grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父grandma/grandmother（外）祖母grandparents祖父母aunt姑姑son兒子daughter女兒cousin堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹baby嬰兒kid小孩classmate同學(xué)queen女王visitor參觀者neighbour鄰居principal校長universitystudent大學(xué)生penpal筆友tourist旅行者people人物robot機(jī)器人對人物提問用who,如：She’smysister.(提問)→Who’sshe?She’smysister.(提問)→Who’syoursister?(注意：這個(gè)句子中被提問的人在動(dòng)詞前，直接由who代替畫線部分的人即可。另外，who屬于第三人稱單數(shù)，當(dāng)它處在動(dòng)詞前時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，過去時(shí)除外。)六、職業(yè)（jobs）teacher教師student學(xué)生doctor醫(yī)生nurse護(hù)士driver司機(jī)farmer農(nóng)民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演員actress女演員artist畫家TVreporter電視臺(tái)記者engineer工程師accountant會(huì)計(jì)policeman(男)警察salesperson銷售員cleaner清潔工baseballplayer棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)assistant售貨員對職業(yè)提問用what,如：Mymotherisadoctor.(提問)→Whatisyourmother?或Whatdoesyourmotherdo?七、食品、飲料（food&drink）rice米飯bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish魚tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hotdog熱狗hamburger漢堡包Frenchfries炸薯?xiàng)lcookie曲奇biscuit餅干jam果醬noodles面條meat肉chicken雞肉pork豬肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup湯ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋Coke可樂juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐對食品、飲料提問用what，如：I’dlikesomebeefforlunch.(提問)→Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch?八、水果、蔬菜(fruit&vegetables)apple蘋果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄peach桃strawberry草莓eggplant茄子greenbeans青豆tomato西紅柿potato土豆cucumber黃瓜onion洋蔥carrot胡蘿卜cabbage卷心菜對水果、蔬菜提問用what,如：Ilikeapples.(提問)→Whatdoyoulike?或Whichfruitdoyoulike?或What’syourfavouritefruit?九、衣服（clothes）jacket夾克衫shirt襯衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress連衣裙jeans牛仔褲pants長褲socks襪子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短褲sneakers網(wǎng)球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals涼鞋boots靴子hat(有沿的)帽子cap便帽sunglasses太陽鏡tie領(lǐng)帶scarf圍巾對衣服提問用what,如：Theseareyourshoes.(提問)→Whatarethese?十、交通工具(vehicles)bike自行車bus公共汽車train火車boat小船ship輪船yacht快艇car小汽車taxi出租車jeep吉普車van小貨車；面包車plane/airplane飛機(jī)subway地鐵motorcycle摩托車by用在交通工具前面時(shí)表示一種交通方式，對交通方式提問用how,如：Igotoschoolbybike.(提問)→Howdoyougotoschool?十一、雜物（otherthings）window窗戶door門desk課桌chair椅子bed床computer計(jì)算機(jī)board寫字板fan風(fēng)扇light燈teacher'sdesk講臺(tái)picture圖畫；照片wall墻壁floor地板curtain窗簾trashbin垃圾箱closet壁櫥mirror鏡子endtable床頭柜football/soccer足球present禮物walkman隨身聽lamp臺(tái)燈phone電話sofa沙發(fā)shelf書架fridge冰箱table桌子TV電視air-conditioner空調(diào)key鑰匙lock鎖photo照片chart圖表plate盤子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot鍋gift禮物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon氣球kite風(fēng)箏jigsawpuzzle拼圖游戲box盒子umbrella傘zipper拉鏈violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鳥窩hole洞toothbrush牙刷menu菜單e-card電子卡片e-mail電子郵件trafficlight交通燈money錢medicine藥對雜物提問用what.十二、地點(diǎn)（locations）home家room房間bedroom臥室bathroom衛(wèi)生間livingroom起居室kitchen廚房classroom教室school學(xué)校park公園library圖書館postoffice郵局policeoffice警察局hospital醫(yī)院cinema電影院bookstore書店farm農(nóng)場zoo動(dòng)物園garden花園study書房playground操場canteen食堂teacher'soffice教師辦公室library圖書館gym體育館washroom衛(wèi)生間artroom繪畫教室computerroom計(jì)算機(jī)教室musicroom音樂教室TVroom電視機(jī)房flat公寓company公司factory工廠fruitstand水果攤petshop寵物商店naturepark自然公園bank銀行themepark主題公園sciencemuseum科學(xué)博物館theGreatWall長城supermarket超市country國家village鄉(xiāng)村city城市hometown家鄉(xiāng)busstop公交車站地點(diǎn)詞前要用a或the,除了school,home,here,there,另外，home,here,there這三個(gè)詞前也不能用to.對地點(diǎn)提問用where,如：Myfatherworksinafactory.(提問)→Wheredoesyourfatherwork?十三、課程（classes）sports體育運(yùn)動(dòng)science科學(xué)MoralEducation思想品德課SocialStudies社會(huì)課Chinese語文math數(shù)學(xué)PE體育English英語music音樂art美術(shù)computer電子計(jì)算機(jī)對課程提問用what,如：WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.(提問)→WhatdoyouhaveonThursday?十四、國家、城市（countries&cities）China/PRC中國America/USA美國UK聯(lián)合王國England英國Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亞NewYork紐約London倫敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo開羅對國家、城市提問用where,如：I’mfromAmerica.(提問)→Whereareyoufrom?十五、天氣（weather）cold寒冷的warm溫暖的cool涼爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎熱的rainy下雨的windy有風(fēng)的cloudy多云的weatherreport天氣預(yù)報(bào)對天氣提問用what或how,如：It’ssunnytoday.(提問)→Whatistheweatherliketoday?或Howistheweatherliketoday?十六、景物（nature）river河流lake湖泊stream河；溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge橋building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太陽mountain山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind風(fēng)air空氣moon月亮十七、植物（plants）flower花grass草tree樹seed種子sprout苗plant植物leaf葉子(復(fù)數(shù)leaves)十八、星期（week）Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末在西方國家，通常把Sunday當(dāng)做一個(gè)星期的第一天，對星期幾提問用whatday,如：It’sFriday.(提問)→Whatdayisit?十九、月份（months）Jan.(January)一月Feb.（February）二月Mar.(March)三月April四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月英語中日期的表示用月份詞和序數(shù)詞，如：六月一日J(rèn)une1st.對日期提問用What’sthedate?二十、季節(jié)（seasons）spring春summer夏fall/autumn秋winter冬對季節(jié)提問用what或which,如：Myfavouriteseasonisspring.(提問)→What’syourfavouriteseason?或Ilikespringbest.(提問)→Whichseasondoyoulikebest?二十一、方位（directions）south南north北east東west西left左邊right右邊turnleft左轉(zhuǎn)turnright右轉(zhuǎn)ontheleft在左邊ontheright在右邊ontheleftsideoftheroad在路的左邊ontherightsideoftheroad在路的右邊south（north,east,west）of….在……的南(北、東、西)邊二十二、患?。╥llness）haveafever發(fā)燒hurt疼痛haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache頭疼haveasorethroat喉嚨疼get（have）theflu得流感對病痛提問用What’sthematter？或What’swrong?如：Ihaveafever.(提問)→What’sthematterwithyou？或What’swrongwithyou?二十三、數(shù)詞（numbers）one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/ahundredandthirty-six一百三十六first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五e(cuò)ighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六數(shù)詞可以表示數(shù)量，對數(shù)量提問時(shí)用howmany,句子結(jié)構(gòu)是Howmany＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋一般疑問句？如：Thereare30booksonthedesk.(提問)→Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?數(shù)詞也可以表示價(jià)格，對價(jià)格提問用howmuch,如:Theyare30yuan.(提問)→Howmucharethey?二十四、形容詞(adj.)big大的small小的long長的tall高的short短的；矮的young年輕的old舊的；老的strong健壯的thin瘦的active積極活躍的quiet安靜的nice好看的kind和藹親切的strict嚴(yán)格的smart聰明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh新鮮的favourite最喜愛的clean干凈的tired疲勞的excited興奮的angry生氣的happy高興的bored無聊的sad憂愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更強(qiáng)壯的older年齡更大的younger更年輕的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更長的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy重的new新的fat胖的happy快樂的right對的hungry饑餓的cute逗人喜愛的little小的lovely可愛的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鮮艷的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂貴的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有幫助的high高的easy簡單的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的形容詞比較級變化規(guī)則1.一般情況直接加er.2.以e結(jié)尾，只加r.3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er4.先雙寫末尾一個(gè)字母，再加er對形容詞提問用how,如：Amyishappy.(提問)→HowisAmy？但對表示外貌的形容詞提問，要用：Whatbe人like?如：Myfatheristallandstrong.(提問)→Whatisyourfatherlike?二十五、介詞（prep.）in在……里on（緊貼）在……上；在……時(shí)候（用在星期詞和某月某日前，如：onMonday在星期一onChildren’sDay在兒童節(jié)onJune1st.在六月一日）under在……下面near在……的旁邊behind在……后邊nextto與……相鄰over（懸掛）在……上面infrontof在……前面at在……如：at6:00在六點(diǎn)鐘athome在家atschool在學(xué)校from…to….從……到……than與……相比較by經(jīng)……乘……with和……一起(用在句尾)and和二十六、行為動(dòng)詞（v.）play（.ed）玩；踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飛jump跳walk走run(run)跑climb爬fight打架swing蕩eat(ate)吃sleep睡覺like像，喜歡have(had)有；吃turn轉(zhuǎn)彎buy(bought)買take(took)買；帶live居住leave(left)離開teach教go(went)去study(studied)學(xué)習(xí)learn學(xué)習(xí)sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row劃do(did)做dohomework做作業(yè)dohousework做家務(wù)dothedishes洗碗碟domorningexercises晨練；做廣播操doanexperiment做實(shí)驗(yàn)watchTV看電視watchinsects觀察昆蟲read(read)books讀書readabook看書readamagazine閱讀雜志cookthemeals做飯watertheflowers澆花sweep(swept)thefloor掃地make(made)thebed鋪床set(set)thetable擺飯桌washtheclothes洗衣服useacomputer使用計(jì)算機(jī)eat(have)breakfast吃早飯eat（have）dinner吃晚飯eatgoodfood吃美味的食物gohome回家gotobed上床睡覺gotoschool上學(xué)gohiking去遠(yuǎn)足goshopping買東西gofishing去釣魚goswimming去游泳goice-skating去滑冰goskiing去滑雪gotothecinema去看電影gostraight向前直走h(yuǎn)avealook看一看haveEnglishclass上英語課haveapicnic舉行野餐havebreakfast吃早飯havelunch吃午飯havedinner吃晚飯playfootball踢足球playcomputergameschess玩電腦游戲playsports進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)playtheviolin拉小提琴playthepiano彈鋼琴playchess下棋get（got）up起床getto到達(dá)getoff下車climbmountains爬山visitgrandparents看望（外）祖父母visittheGreatWall參觀長城flykites放風(fēng)箏make（made）asnowman堆雪人makekites制作風(fēng)箏planttrees種樹drawpictures畫畫cookdinner做飯answerthephone接電話listentomusic聽音樂cleantheroom打掃房間write(wrote)aletter寫信writeane-mail寫電子郵件writeareport寫報(bào)告drink(drank)water喝水take(took)pictures照相takeatrip（goonatrip）去旅行pickupleaves采摘樹葉catchbutterflies捉蝴蝶countinsects數(shù)昆蟲collectinsects收集昆蟲collectleaves收集樹葉collectstamps集郵ride(rode)abike騎自行車meet(met)見面，遇見welcome歡迎thank謝謝love愛work工作drink(drank)喝taste嘗smell聞feed(fed)喂養(yǎng)shear剪milk擠奶look看guess猜help(hept)幫助pass傳遞show展示use使用clean打掃open打開close關(guān)上put放paint繪畫tell(told)告訴kick踢bounce反彈ride(rode)騎stop(stopped)停wait等find(found)尋找到drive駕駛fold折send(sent)寄wash洗shine照耀become變成feel(felt)感覺到think思考fall(fell)落下wake(woke)up醒來puton穿上putawaytheclothes收拾衣服takeoff脫掉hangup掛起wear(wore)穿emptythetrash倒垃圾對句子中的行為動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問用What…do…?如：Ivisitedmygrandparentsyesterday.(提問)→Whatdidyoudoyesterday?在小學(xué)英語中，絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有四種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、單三式、ing形式（現(xiàn)在分詞）、過去式。不論在任何時(shí)態(tài)、任何句型中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或let或help或to后要用動(dòng)詞原形。A.第三人稱單數(shù)形式（單三式）的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同：1.一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s，如work—works,write—writes。2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加es，如guess—guesses,teach—teaches,watch—watches,catch—catches,wash—washes。3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i,再加es，如study—studies。注：不規(guī)則變化的有have—has,be—is,go—goes,do—does等。B.ing形式（現(xiàn)在分詞）的構(gòu)成在be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）或like或for或go后才能用到動(dòng)詞的ing形式。1.直接加ing，如study—studying,work—working。2.去e加ing，如write—writing,move—moving。3.雙寫加ing，如get—getting,begin—beginning，run—running，swim—swimming。C.過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.一般情況直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked。2.以e結(jié)尾，只加d，如dance—danced。3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕，再加ed，如study—studied。4.先雙寫末尾一個(gè)字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped。還有很多動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞是不合乎上述規(guī)則的，需要熟記。二十七、be動(dòng)詞.(1)am—was,is—was,are—wereI用am,you用are,is用語他，她，它，名詞單數(shù)用is,所有復(fù)數(shù)都用are.(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.二十八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),need(needed),等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，后面必須用動(dòng)詞的原形。一、can,(could過去式）1)表示“能”、“會(huì)”Canyouskate?你會(huì)滑冰嗎？2)表示請求和允許，“可以”-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.3)表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。CanyouspeakEnglish?二、may,might表示請求和允許,用MayI...？征徇對方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用CanI...？在口語中更常見。MayIhavealook?答語一般用Sure或Ofcourse.三、must,haveto 1)表示必須、必要。2)must是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,“不得不”。四、shall,shall用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。Whatshallwedothisevening?五、should,should,表示應(yīng)該、勸告、建議和命令。1.Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisill.2.ShouldIopenthewindow?六、will(w