高考英語(yǔ)第一輪語(yǔ)法專攻復(fù)習(xí)課件

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載ppt課件：高考英語(yǔ)第一輪語(yǔ)法專攻復(fù)習(xí)課件37找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(含短語(yǔ))1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.狀語(yǔ)2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwith定語(yǔ)reporters3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind狀語(yǔ)4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.He賓語(yǔ)musthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMrWang.定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)在句中一起做成分。主要形式:不定式tododoingdonemake主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式nottomakenottobemade完成式nottohavenottohavemadebeenmade進(jìn)行式nottobemakingnottohave完成進(jìn)行式beenmaking△--ing:do△主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式doing一般式一般式beingdonehavingdonehavingdone完成式havingbeendone完成式havingbeendone否定形式:not+-ing的形式過(guò)去分詞:done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題一般思路1.分析句子成分,看“_____”上要填謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)2.看“_____”上要填的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相關(guān)的名或代詞(多是主語(yǔ))的邏輯關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系一般式towritetobewritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting????todotohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成式一般式writingbeingwrittendoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten????writtendone非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的比較不定式和+ing作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。具體+ing作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作;Smokingisprohibitedhere.這里禁止抽煙。抽象不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作,特別是表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonceHiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture2動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般性的行為。OurworkisservingthepeopleHishobbyiscollectingstamps3分詞作表語(yǔ).表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞加上ing變成現(xiàn)在分詞,譯為“令人……的”,加上ed變成過(guò)去分詞,譯為“感到…….”Interesting/interesteddelighting/delightedexciting/excitedDisappointing/disappointedTravellingisinterestingbuttiringTheywereveryexcitedatthenews3作賓語(yǔ)不定式和動(dòng)名詞英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式.但有些動(dòng)詞要求:A只能加不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:affordagreeappearaskattemptbegchoosedecidedemanddesigndesiredetermineexpectfailHappenhopemanageplanwishpretendrefuseB只能加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelayenjoyescapefinishimaginekeepmindmisspermitpractisepreventrisksuggeststandallowadviseforbidneedrequireC有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的意思差別:forgettodo/forgetdoingstoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/doingregrettodo/doingtrytodo/doingmeantodo/doinglove,like,hate,D有些動(dòng)詞使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式意思無(wú)差別prefer,intend,start,continueE這些常用的詞組要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)can’thelpcan’tstandbeworthdevotetolookforwardtosticktobeusedtoobjecttobebusyfeellikegetdownto3動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)比較(1)有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),如:want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。Weagreed_______here,butsofarshehasn'tCturnedupyet.(NMET1995)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet?(2)有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),如:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny等。Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_______.(MET1987)CA.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatchCIwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.(MET1992)A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you'recalling?(3)有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞,意義上無(wú)多大區(qū)別,如:love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start,continue等。Iintendtofinish/finishingthetaskthismorning.注意問(wèn)題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別忘記要去做某事(此事未做)1)forgettodoforgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事(此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生)2)stoptodo停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3)remembertodo記住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事已做4regrettodo對(duì)要做的事遺憾regretdoing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔5)trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法注意問(wèn)題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別打算,有意要…6meantodomeandoing意味著7)goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒(méi)有做完的事情)?(4)有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟動(dòng)名詞,但意義上有區(qū)別,如:forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try等。?Thelightintheofficeisstillon.C?Oh,Iforgot_______.(MET1991)A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff?Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.?Well,nowIregret_______that.(NMETD1995)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,notice,watch,observe等動(dòng)詞不定式只說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系HehadhisbikerepairedyesterdayHefoundhiswatchstolen.作賓補(bǔ):doingtheexperimentWesawtheteacher___________________.(做實(shí)驗(yàn))sunginEnglishI’veneverheardthesong______________用英語(yǔ)唱)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞4作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)。A不定式與其所修飾的名詞是主謂關(guān)系。例:HewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterdayThetraintoarrivewasfromLondonB不定式與其所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。GethimsomethingtoeatShehasalotofworktodointhemorning.C不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ),要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。這里的介詞不能省去。IneedapentowritewithThereisnothingtoworryabout.分詞作定語(yǔ)特點(diǎn):1現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義。2現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或已完成的事。HerushedintotheburninghouseThechildstandingoverthereismybrotherTheroomfacingsouthisourclassroomHeisanadvancedteacher不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系:一般來(lái)說(shuō),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。跳舞的女孩現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)adancinggirl被毀的房屋Adestroyedhouse過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)下落的樹(shù)葉Afallingleaf現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行落葉Afallenleaf(過(guò)去分詞表完成)Thereisariverrunningaroundourschool(run.beingrepairedThewatchnowishersrepair.likedHeisateacherbyallhisstudentslike.Americaisacountrydevelop.developed不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,tobebuiltThebuilding_____________nextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,beingbuiltThebuilding____________nowisourlibrary.過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作builtThebuilding______lastyearisourlibrary.不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式作狀語(yǔ)一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.Wearegladtohearthenews分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭,表示原因時(shí)間或條件。分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在后面一般表示伴隨,Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetterThepopsingercametomeethisfans,followedbytwobodyguards.分詞作狀語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系knowingNot_________whattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelpknowSeen_________fromthehill,thetownlooksverybeautiful.see分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)前面可用連詞When,while,once,if,unless,though等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,若其主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),可保留該連接詞,其余部分則簡(jiǎn)化為分詞短語(yǔ)。Whilewalkingalongthestreetearlyinthemorning,hesawherOnceseen,itwillneverbeforgottenEventhoughgiveneverychance,theywouldnottry表目的:HeworkeddayandnighttogetthemoneyShesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain注意不定式作狀語(yǔ)放于句首時(shí),不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentriedTosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeansTolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneededTolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.2SinceIamastudent,ImuststudyhardBeingastudent,Imuststudyhard.原因Aswewerenotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagainNotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.3Iftimepermits,IwillfinishanotherlessonTimepermitting,IwillfinishanotherlessonIfheisallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouseIfallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.4Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,_t_al_k_i_n_gan___d_l_au__gh__in_g(說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑)Heenteredtheroom,_________________followedbyhisgirlfriend后面跟著女朋友).?因?yàn)樗×?所以他沒(méi)有上學(xué)。Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolBeingill,hedidn’tgotoschool因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ軌虻玫侥愕闹С?所以給你寫(xiě)了一封信。Astheyhopedtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter.Hopingtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter_______moreattention,thetreescouldhaveAgrownbetter.(MET1990)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)1疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ))WhentostarthasnotbeendecidedIdon’tknowwhattoknow(賓語(yǔ))Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver(表語(yǔ))Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook(賓語(yǔ))有時(shí)疑問(wèn)詞前可用介詞,如:Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit動(dòng)詞不定式的幾個(gè)重要時(shí)態(tài)1不定式的完成式常在動(dòng)詞appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后體現(xiàn)它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。IamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingSheseemedtohaveforgottenherpromiseHepretendedtohavereadthebook2,但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,should或wouldlike等動(dòng)詞之后,則表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。Heplannedtohavegoneabroad.他原計(jì)劃出國(guó)。Ihopedtohaveseenher(但他沒(méi)有去)IwouldliketohavehadyourhelpTheenemyexpectedtohavefoundhimIintendedtohavefinishedmyworklastnightWeweretohavesailednextmorning我們本定于第二天早上啟航不定式進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式不定式進(jìn)行式表示其主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生;不定式完成進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作,在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行。Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobedoingmyexperimentinthelab.Theyaresaidtohavebeenquarrellingmanyyears.不定式的被動(dòng)式:HewantedthelettertobetypedatonceThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.3.有時(shí)“withwithout+名詞(或代詞賓格)+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。eg.1Withhishomeworkfinishedaheadoftime,hebegantoplaycomputer2Hefellasleepwiththelampburning非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的句型1)Doing+vSeeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。2Itis+nouse/goodfun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,.等名詞+doingsthItisnousecrying.哭沒(méi)有用。3Thereisnousegood/point/sense/harm+doingsth做某事沒(méi)用Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.4在want,need,require等動(dòng)詞后,常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。例如:Myhairneedscutting.Myhairneedstobecut.5在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致,這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamilyFranklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.Multiplechoice1.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21題2.___aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.A.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearCNothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV/phrases+ing:appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keepon;mind;miss…devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto…I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjobA.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficultA.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是thepurpose,在(purpose,wish,promise,plan)后常跟不定式,故表語(yǔ)要用不定式,to不能省略,因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型,故選B。解析10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriverA.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignthlanguagecameoutinthe16centuryA.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written