碩士論文開題報(bào)告-基于真實(shí)形態(tài)的顆粒材料細(xì)觀力學(xué)研究

攻讀碩士學(xué)位論文選題報(bào)告題目：基于真實(shí)形態(tài)的顆粒材料細(xì)觀力學(xué)研究院系：水利水電工程系專業(yè)：土木工程2014年5月22日1研究背景顆粒材料是自然界中最常見的一種材料，在泥石流、滑坡等工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害中，其主要成分是顆粒材料。REF_Ref420263062\h圖1是四川地震中小崗劍堰塞湖現(xiàn)場(chǎng)照片，REF_Ref420263065\h圖2是亞洲第一大、世界第二大的易貢大滑坡，圖中顯示這兩個(gè)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的主要成分是顆粒材料。顆粒材料在巖土工程、水利工程中被廣泛使用，在糯扎渡高土石壩中，其使用的土石混合體是一種巖土領(lǐng)域最典型的顆粒材料，西恒山水庫中所使用的堆石，其粗骨料也是大量顆粒材料構(gòu)成。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，如化工、制藥、冶金以及核工業(yè)中，都涉及到大量的顆粒材料，在煉鐵工業(yè)中，鐵礦石和煤炭都是顆粒材料，而新型的核反應(yīng)堆設(shè)計(jì)，也將核燃料設(shè)計(jì)成球形的顆粒材料，研究顆粒材料與流體之間的熱交換是新型核反應(yīng)堆的一個(gè)重要課題。圖SEQ圖\*ARABIC1小崗劍堰塞湖圖SEQ圖\*ARABIC2易貢大滑坡圖SEQ圖\*ARABIC3糯扎渡高土石壩圖SEQ圖\*ARABIC4西恒山水電站2研究現(xiàn)狀與不足顆粒材料十分復(fù)雜，2005年，在雜志創(chuàng)刊125周年之際，Science將“發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)湍流理論以及顆粒材料的運(yùn)動(dòng)理論”列為重要的125個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性問題之一，可見，顆粒材料的研究是一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性的研究，其研究成果將能夠應(yīng)用到實(shí)際工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，顆粒材料運(yùn)動(dòng)理論的研究也是一個(gè)十分具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。本文將從以下五個(gè)部分進(jìn)行研究：顆粒形態(tài)獲?。蝗S模型建立；幾何形態(tài)性質(zhì)研究；顆粒形狀表征；力學(xué)特性研究。2.1顆粒形態(tài)的獲取過去十余年時(shí)間，國外學(xué)者嘗試了使用激光、X光以及結(jié)構(gòu)光對(duì)顆粒進(jìn)行三維掃描。LanaroADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lanaro</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>258</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>258</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426558522">258</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lanaro,F</author><author>Jing,L</author><author>Stephansson,O</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>3-D-lasermeasurementsandrepresentationofroughnessofrockfractures</title><secondary-title>Proc.MechanicsofJointedandFaultedRock,Vienna.AABalkema,Rotterdam</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Proc.MechanicsofJointedandFaultedRock,Vienna.AABalkema,Rotterdam</full-title></periodical><pages>185-189</pages><dates><year>1998</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]和TolppanenADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lanaro</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>257</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>257</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426558404">257</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lanaro,F</author><author>Tolppanen,P</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>3Dcharacterizationofcoarseaggregates</title><secondary-title>EngineeringGeology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EngineeringGeology</full-title></periodical><pages>17-30</pages><volume>65</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0013-7952</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/S0013795201001338/1-s2.0-S0013795201001338-main.pdf?_tid=fc6854ee-cc4a-11e4-acd7-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1426558496_d69265aaea2f835949ab454d8f514e24</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]教授分別于1998年和2002年使用三維激光對(duì)粗骨料進(jìn)行三維掃描；GarbocziADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Garboczi</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>210</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>210</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1423642699">210</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>E.J.Garboczi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Three-dimensionalmathematicalanalysisofparticleshapeusingX-raytomographyandsphericalharmonics:Applicationtoaggregatesusedinconcrete</title><secondary-title>CementandConcreteResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CementandConcreteResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>1621–1638</pages><volume>32</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]和TaylorADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Taylor</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>274</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>274</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432110422">274</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>M.A.Taylor</author><author>E.J.Garboczi</author><author>S.T.Erdogan</author><author>D.W.Fowler</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Somepropertiesofirregular3-Dparticles</title><secondary-title>PowderTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PowderTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>1–15</pages><volume>162</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]教授分別與2002年和2006年使用X光對(duì)塊石進(jìn)行三維掃描，并且分析其三維幾何形態(tài)性質(zhì)；RocchiniADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rocchini</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>261</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>261</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426560427">261</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rocchini,CMPPC</author><author>Cignoni,Paulo</author><author>Montani,Claudio</author><author>Pingi,Paolo</author><author>Scopigno,Roberto</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Alowcost3Dscannerbasedonstructuredlight</title><secondary-title>ComputerGraphicsForum</secondary-title></titles><pages>299-308</pages><volume>20</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2001</year></dates><publisher>WileyOnlineLibrary</publisher><isbn>1467-8659</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]和Hall-HoltADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rocchini</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>261</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>261</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426560427">261</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rocchini,CMPPC</author><author>Cignoni,Paulo</author><author>Montani,Claudio</author><author>Pingi,Paolo</author><author>Scopigno,Roberto</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Alowcost3Dscannerbasedonstructuredlight</title><secondary-title>ComputerGraphicsForum</secondary-title></titles><pages>299-308</pages><volume>20</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2001</year></dates><publisher>WileyOnlineLibrary</publisher><isbn>1467-8659</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]教授分別于2001年使用結(jié)構(gòu)光對(duì)塊石進(jìn)行三維掃描。這三種掃描方式各有優(yōu)勢(shì)，我們課題組都有做過相關(guān)茶花女故事，激光三維掃描精度一般，使用成本較高，Leica系列三維掃描儀購置成本達(dá)到120萬，其對(duì)使用環(huán)境不是很嚴(yán)苛，主要針對(duì)于地形進(jìn)行掃描設(shè)計(jì)；X光CT三維掃描的成本十分高，但是其精度也很高，只能在室內(nèi)使用，不具備便攜性；結(jié)構(gòu)光這些年的發(fā)展十分迅速，目前市面上流行的結(jié)構(gòu)光三維掃描儀的精度一般，但是成本十分低廉，十分輕巧，便攜性十分好。由于我們需要在滑坡、泥石流、施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、地質(zhì)考察過程中對(duì)顆粒進(jìn)行掃描，考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)性和便攜性，我們最終選取結(jié)構(gòu)光對(duì)顆粒進(jìn)行大規(guī)模掃描，采集大量顆粒三維幾何信息，論文選取的結(jié)構(gòu)光掃描設(shè)備是微軟公司出品的Kinect。2.2三維模型的建立自從1995年以來，隨著數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)用于究竟系測(cè)量材料外觀結(jié)合形態(tài)甚至是內(nèi)部幾何構(gòu)造，其在瀝青混凝土、水泥混凝土、土石混合體等研究的應(yīng)用逐漸得到廣泛應(yīng)用。發(fā)展到目前，數(shù)字圖像技術(shù)在該領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用主要集中于以下幾個(gè)方面：利用數(shù)碼相機(jī)對(duì)單個(gè)塊石的表面幾何參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析；利用激光掃描技術(shù)，獲取塊石顆粒的精確三維尺寸，分析其菱角指數(shù)、紋理指數(shù)等；利用X-RayCT技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)混凝土、土石混合體的內(nèi)部構(gòu)造成像，對(duì)其進(jìn)行三維重建，生成數(shù)值計(jì)算模型；利用隨機(jī)生成技術(shù)，生成土石混合體的技術(shù)模型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>徐文杰</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>287</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>287</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432553432">287</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>徐文杰</author><author>岳中琦</author><author>胡瑞林</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>基于數(shù)字圖像的土、巖和混凝土內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)定量分析和力學(xué)數(shù)值計(jì)算的研究進(jìn)展</title><secondary-title>工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>289-313</pages><volume>15</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]。油新華ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>油新華</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>289</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7,8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>289</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432553563">289</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>油新華</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>土石混合體的隨機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)模型及其應(yīng)用研究</title><secondary-title>巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2001</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>油新華</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>288</RecNum><record><rec-number>288</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432553505">288</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>油新華</author><author>李曉</author><author>何剛</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>土石混合體的隨機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)模型及其生成技術(shù)研究</title><secondary-title>全國巖土與工程學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文集（上冊(cè)）</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2003</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[7,8]利用FORTRAN編寫了AutoCAD、ANSYS、FLAC3D的接口程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)了土石混合體邊坡數(shù)值建模；還根據(jù)土石混合體的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，編了基于數(shù)碼照片的建模程序，生成了土石混合體的二維結(jié)構(gòu)模型。廖秋林ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>廖秋林</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>290</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>290</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432553641">290</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>廖秋林</author><author>李曉</author><author>朱萬成</author><author>LIU</author><author>Jishan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>基于數(shù)碼圖像土石混合體結(jié)構(gòu)建模及其力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)的數(shù)值分析</title><secondary-title>巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>155-162</pages><volume>29</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]利用數(shù)碼數(shù)字成像技術(shù)，利用土石混合體中塊石和土體在顏色上的差異，實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于數(shù)碼圖像的土石混合體結(jié)構(gòu)模型自動(dòng)生成，并且建立了土石混合體的力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)模型，利用有限元模擬系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了土石混合體數(shù)值計(jì)算。丁秀麗ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>丁秀麗</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>291</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>291</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432553689">291</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>丁秀麗</author><author>李耀旭</author><author>王新</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>基于數(shù)字圖像的土石混合體力學(xué)性質(zhì)的顆粒流模擬</title><secondary-title>巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>477-484</pages><volume>29</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]等根據(jù)實(shí)際拍攝的數(shù)字圖像，利用MATLAB的圖像處理工具包，開發(fā)了圖像處理系統(tǒng)，生成了二維的土石混合體數(shù)字模型，并且用PFC2D對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了顆粒流模擬計(jì)算，研究了了細(xì)觀角度土石混合體的力學(xué)特性。徐文杰ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>徐文杰</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>287</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6,11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>287</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432553432">287</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>徐文杰</author><author>岳中琦</author><author>胡瑞林</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>基于數(shù)字圖像的土、巖和混凝土內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)定量分析和力學(xué)數(shù)值計(jì)算的研究進(jìn)展</title><secondary-title>工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>289-313</pages><volume>15</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>徐文杰</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>292</RecNum><record><rec-number>292</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432556710">292</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>徐文杰</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>土石混合體細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)及其邊坡穩(wěn)定性研究</title></titles><dates><year>2008</year></dates><publisher>中國科學(xué)院地質(zhì)與地球物理研究所</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[6,11]用隨機(jī)生成技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于凸多邊形塊體的土石混合體二維細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)生成系統(tǒng)，并且實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維土石混合體隨機(jī)細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)模型，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了土石混合體的細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的研究，應(yīng)用數(shù)值系統(tǒng)對(duì)下咱日土石混合體邊坡進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性分析。MollonADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mollon</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>293</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>293</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432556739">293</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mollon,Guilhem</author><author>Zhao,Jidong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Fourier–Voronoi-basedgenerationofrealisticsamplesfordiscretemodellingofgranularmaterials</title><secondary-title>GranularMatter</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>GranularMatter</full-title></periodical><pages>621-638</pages><volume>14</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]等利用傅里葉描述因子和Voronoi棋盤法生成了任意形狀的顆粒材料二維密實(shí)離散模型，并對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行了數(shù)值試驗(yàn)研究。LeeSeungJaeADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lee</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>294</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>294</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432556768">294</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lee,SeungJae</author><author>Hashash,YoussefM.A.</author><author>Nezami,ErfanG.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Simulationoftriaxialcompressiontestswithpolyhedraldiscreteelements</title><secondary-title>Computers&Geotechnics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Computers&Geotechnics</full-title></periodical><pages>92–100</pages><volume>43</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]等人利用多面體單元模擬土石混合體，并進(jìn)行不同圍壓和初始孔隙率的三軸數(shù)值試驗(yàn)，證明了多面體單元用于數(shù)值模型試驗(yàn)的可行性。對(duì)土石混合體的研究已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了二十多年，嘗試著用圖像技術(shù)方法模擬真實(shí)的土石混合體也進(jìn)行了十多年。最開始用照相機(jī)數(shù)碼圖像，分析土石混合體外觀參數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律，后來利用照相機(jī)數(shù)碼圖像以及X-RayCT成像技術(shù)模擬土石混合體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，到后來用多邊形生成二維的土石混合體數(shù)值模型，以及用凸多面體生成三維的土石混合體數(shù)值模型。這些年土石混合體建模技術(shù)的發(fā)展是十分迅速的，但是這些技術(shù)有明顯的缺陷。利用數(shù)碼圖像以及X-RayCT成像技術(shù)，其有三大缺點(diǎn)：一是成本昂貴；二是一次只能對(duì)一個(gè)模型進(jìn)行掃描，數(shù)值模型生成過程太復(fù)雜，而且效率極其低下；三是不能夠掃描真實(shí)情況下的土石混合體，依舊需要先制樣，在掃描得到數(shù)值模型，實(shí)際價(jià)值不大，還不如做真實(shí)的物理試驗(yàn)。利用凸多邊形生成二維的土石混合體數(shù)值模型，二維情況不能很好的模擬真實(shí)的三維模型，只能適用于側(cè)限情況下的受力分析；而用凸多面體生成的三維土石混合體數(shù)值模型，雖然和實(shí)際情況十分接近，但是存在以下兩大缺點(diǎn)：實(shí)際情況下的塊石的形狀各異，凸多面體的外形過于簡單，與真實(shí)的塊石相差太多；凸多面體的棱角過于分明，真實(shí)的塊石并不是如此，在做數(shù)值計(jì)算時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中的現(xiàn)象，從而與實(shí)際情況相差較大，不能很好的揭示真實(shí)土石混合體內(nèi)部的規(guī)律。本人于2014年本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了基于真實(shí)形態(tài)的土石混合體精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)生成系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以生成基于真實(shí)塊石形態(tài)的具有各種外觀的土石混合體三維模型。但是該系統(tǒng)的含石量較低，只能達(dá)到15%-20%，因此在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行算法上的改進(jìn)，以期達(dá)到更高含石量的土石混合體三維細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)生成系統(tǒng)十分有必要。2.3幾何形態(tài)性質(zhì)研究關(guān)于顆粒幾何形態(tài)的研究，加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的Taylor教授和美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)研究所的Garboczi教授作了大量研究，GarbocziADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Garboczi</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>210</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>210</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1423642699">210</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>E.J.Garboczi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Three-dimensionalmathematicalanalysisofparticleshapeusingX-raytomographyandsphericalharmonics:Applicationtoaggregatesusedinconcrete</title><secondary-title>CementandConcreteResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CementandConcreteResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>1621–1638</pages><volume>32</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]教授研究了顆粒的球函數(shù)、體積、表面積、各階慣性矩等參數(shù)，對(duì)顆粒表面形態(tài)性質(zhì)有較為全面的研究，LanaroADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lanaro</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>257</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>257</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426558404">257</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lanaro,F</author><author>Tolppanen,P</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>3Dcharacterizationofcoarseaggregates</title><secondary-title>EngineeringGeology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EngineeringGeology</full-title></periodical><pages>17-30</pages><volume>65</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0013-7952</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/S0013795201001338/1-s2.0-S0013795201001338-main.pdf?_tid=fc6854ee-cc4a-11e4-acd7-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1426558496_d69265aaea2f835949ab454d8f514e24</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]則對(duì)顆粒的長軸、中軸、短軸等表觀參數(shù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析和研究，TaylorADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Taylor</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>274</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>274</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1432110422">274</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>M.A.Taylor</author><author>E.J.Garboczi</author><author>S.T.Erdogan</author><author>D.W.Fowler</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Somepropertiesofirregular3-Dparticles</title><secondary-title>PowderTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PowderTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>1–15</pages><volume>162</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]教授在Garboczi教授的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)顆粒密度、尺寸、等效模型等進(jìn)行研究。這些學(xué)者的研究對(duì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)復(fù)雜顆粒的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)由重大推動(dòng)作用，但是他們大都關(guān)注于單個(gè)顆粒，統(tǒng)計(jì)單個(gè)參數(shù)的規(guī)律，我將聚焦于顆粒堆積體的幾何形態(tài)研究，并用實(shí)際模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，力求探索顆粒二維切片斷面和三維堆積體之間的關(guān)系，從而可以在野外中通過觀察某個(gè)地區(qū)裸露表面的顆粒統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)該地區(qū)顆粒堆積體三維形態(tài)性質(zhì)的推斷。2.4顆粒形狀表征CundallADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>CUNDALL</Author><Year>1971</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14,15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1419007508">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>CUNDALL,PA</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Acomputermodelforsimulatingprogressive,large-scalemovementsinblockyrocksystems</title><secondary-title>Proc.Int.Symp.onRockFracture</secondary-title></titles><pages>11-8</pages><dates><year>1971</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Cundall</Author><Year>1979</Year><RecNum>242</RecNum><record><rec-number>242</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426317509">242</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cundall,PeterA</author><author>Strack,OttoDL</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Adiscretenumericalmodelforgranularassemblies</title><secondary-title>Geotechnique</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Geotechnique</full-title></periodical><pages>47-65</pages><volume>29</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>1979</year></dates><isbn>1751-7656</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[14,15]在1971年提出離散元的初期，使用二維圓盤和三維球體對(duì)顆粒材料進(jìn)行模擬，其開發(fā)的PFC2D和PFC3D軟件成為著名的顆粒流軟件。RothenburgADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rothenburg</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>244</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>244</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426317562">244</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rothenburg,Leo</author><author>Bathurst,RichardJ</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Numericalsimulationofidealizedgranularassemblieswithplaneellipticalparticles</title><secondary-title>Computersandgeotechnics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Computersandgeotechnics</full-title></periodical><pages>315-329</pages><volume>11</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>1991</year></dates><isbn>0266-352X</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]和TingADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ting</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>245</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>245</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426317764">245</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ting,JohnM.</author><author>Meachum,Larry</author><author>Rowell,JeffreyD.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Effectofparticleshapeonthestrengthanddeformationmechanismsofellipse‐shapedgranularassemblages</title><secondary-title>EngineeringComputations</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EngineeringComputations</full-title></periodical><pages>99-108</pages><volume>12</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>1995</year></dates><isbn>0264-4401</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1108/02644409510799497</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]分別與1991年和1993年實(shí)現(xiàn)了橢圓對(duì)顆粒材料的模擬，橢圓材料可以模擬不同長細(xì)比的顆粒材料，而LinXiaoshanADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lin</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>247</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>247</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426318204">247</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lin,Xiaoshan</author><author>Ng,T-T</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Athree-dimensionaldiscreteelementmodelusingarraysofellipsoids</title><secondary-title>Geotechnique</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Geotechnique</full-title></periodical><pages>319-329</pages><volume>47</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>1997</year></dates><isbn>1751-7656</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]和Vu-quocLocADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Vu-Quoc</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>246</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>246</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426318187">246</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vu-Quoc,Loc</author><author>Zhang,Xiang</author><author>Walton,OR</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A3-Ddiscrete-elementmethodfordrygranularflowsofellipsoidalparticles</title><secondary-title>Computermethodsinappliedmechanicsandengineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ComputerMethodsinAppliedMechanicsandEngineering</full-title></periodical><pages>483-528</pages><volume>187</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2000</year></dates><isbn>0045-7825</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]分別與1997年和2000年實(shí)現(xiàn)了用橢球?qū)︻w粒材料的模擬，極大地促進(jìn)了顆粒材料研究的進(jìn)展，對(duì)顆粒材料不同統(tǒng)計(jì)形狀與其力學(xué)特性的關(guān)系有長足的進(jìn)步。WaltonADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Walton</Author><Year>1993</Year><RecNum>253</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>253</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426403840">253</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Walton,OR</author><author>Braun,RL</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Simulationofrotary-drumandreposetestsforfrictionalspheresandrigidsphereclusters</title><secondary-title>JointDOE/NSFWorkshoponFlowofParticulatesandFluids,Ithaca,NY,Sept</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>1993</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]和PotyondyADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Potyondy</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>252</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>252</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426403728">252</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Potyondy,DO</author><author>Cundall,PA</author><author>Lee,C</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Modellingrockusingbondedassembliesofcircularparticles</title><secondary-title>RockMechanics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>RockMechanics</full-title></periodical><pages>1937-1944</pages><dates><year>1996</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]分別與1993年和1996年用不嵌套的球?qū)?fù)雜顆粒進(jìn)行表征，WangLinbingADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>202</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>202</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1422492260">202</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wang,Linbing</author><author>Park,Jin-Young</author><author>Fu,Yanrong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>RepresentationofrealparticlesforDEMsimulationusingX-raytomography</title><secondary-title>ConstructionandBuildingMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ConstructionandBuildingMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>338-346</pages><volume>21</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>09500618</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.013</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]提出燃燒算法，用不均勻不相互嵌套的球?qū)?fù)雜顆粒進(jìn)行表征，該方法被運(yùn)用于PFC3D中。HubbardADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Hubbard</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>230</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>230</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pdfpwfxa820av5evrs4vpv94tzazswfvx9ad"timestamp="1426035190">230</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hubbard,PhilipM</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Approximatingpolyhedrawithspheresfortime-criticalcollisiondetection</title><secondary-title>ACMTransactionsonGraphics(TOG)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACMTransactionsonGraphics(TOG)</full-title></periodical><pages>179-210</pages><volume>15</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>1996</year></dates><isbn>0730-0301</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1145/240000/231732/p179-hubbard.pdf?ip=22&id=231732&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&key=BF85BBA5741FDC6E%2E587F3204F5B62A59%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35&CFID=637875122&CFTOKEN=76850678&__acm__=1426035477_856a85bc09077dfbae834aba2c0b27e2</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]教授實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)復(fù)雜形狀的表征，其采用的是多個(gè)不均勻