新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：說(shuō)明類(lèi)完形填空（含答案）

說(shuō)明類(lèi)完形填空說(shuō)明文一般用言簡(jiǎn)意賅的文字，按照一定的方法介紹事物，解釋事理。其最顯著的特點(diǎn)是:開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)題，結(jié)構(gòu)條理清晰?？忌鲱}的關(guān)鍵在于理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全文大意。

常見(jiàn)、?？嫉恼f(shuō)明文集中在闡述事理、方法（步驟）介紹，產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、科普小品等。這類(lèi)文章主要的特點(diǎn)：

1.開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)題

2.篇章的條理清晰、層次分明

說(shuō)明文層次分明，脈落清晰，有條有理。大多數(shù)完形填空的說(shuō)明文是按因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，有的按先主后次的順序進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，有的先概述后舉例，有的先舉例后概述，也有的按事情的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)展開(kāi)。題例(2013廣東卷）

Numbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea

1

innumber.Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability.

2

，experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare,too.Forexample,manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnot

3

.However,ifyouremovetwo,thebird

4

leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe

5

betweentwoandthree.

Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird's

6

numbersense.Amanwas

tryingtotake

aphotoofacrow(烏鴉)thathadanestinatower,butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot

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untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan

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.Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed,buttheydidnot

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thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft,too.Theexperimentwas

10

withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere

11.Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere

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abletofoolthecrow.Howgoodisahuman'snumbersense?It'snotverygood.Forexample,babiesaboutfourteenmonthsoldalmostalwaysnoticeifsomethingistakenawayfroma

13

group.Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour,thechildrenare

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fooled.

Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld,andthatourhuman

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isnotmuchbetterthanacrow's.1.A.rise

B.pattern

C.change

D.trend2.A.Importantly

B.Surprisingly

C.Disappointedly

D.Fortunately3.A.survive

B.care

C.hatch

D.notice4.A.generally

B.sincerely

C.casually

D.deliberately5．A.distance

B.range

C.different

D.interval6．A.amazing

B.annoying

C.satisfying

D.disturbing7.A.relax

B.recover

C.react

D.return8.A.appointment

B.excuse

C.idea

D.explanation9.A.fool

B.hurt

C.catch

D.kill 10.A.report

B.repeated

C.designed

D.approved11.A.confused

B.gone

C.tired

D.drunk12.A.gradually

B.luckily

C.strangely

D.finally13.

A.single

B.small

C.local

D.new14.A.seldom

B.temporarily

C.merely

D.often15.A.sight

B.nature

C.ability

D.belief實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一：Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery1thingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon2,andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied3theybegintouseit.However,buyingapenthatyou’llenjoyisnot4ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe5touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic（特征）6comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavea7handandthickerfingersyoumay__8fatterpen.Thelengthofapencan9influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo10caneasilyfeeltop-heavyandunstable.Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould11theinktoflowevenly（均勻地）whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.12willmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea13lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughto

14ink

fromrunningwhenthepenislifted．Apointthatdoesnotblockthe15mayleavedropsofink,16youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.17,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Fine-linepensmay18badhandwriting,butfine,delicate(微妙;脆弱的)linesdonotcommand19nexttoprintedtext,as,20,asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,giveanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority（權(quán)威）。1.A.many B.few C.pleasant D.important2.A.looks B.reason C.value D.advantages3.A.once B.if C.because D.though4.convenient B.practical C.strange D.difficult5.A.heavy B.easyC.hard D.safe6.A.taking B.finding C.determiningD.seeking7.A.stronger B.weaker C.smallerD.larger8.A.perfer B.recommend C.prepare D.demand9.A.hardly B.also C.never D.still10.A.thick B.light C.long D.soft11.A.change B.allow C.reduceD.press12.A.They B.One C.ThisD.Some13.Athin B.rough C.blackD.smooth14.A.prevent B.free C.protectD.remove15.A.way B.sight C.flowD.stream16.A.so B.as C.and D.yet17.A.Meanwhile B.Generally C.Afterwards D.Finally18.A.showup B.differfrom C.breakdown D.compensatefor19.A.attention B.support C.respect D.admission20.A.atmost B.forexample C.inbrief D.onpurpose實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練二Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,allstudentsmust1sixtyhoursofservicelearning,2theywillnotreceiveadiploma.Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.3ofservicelearningincludecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.4aserviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournal（日志）andthenwritea___5aboutwhattheyhavelearned.Supportersclaimthattherearemany6ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,studentsareforcedtothink7theirowninterestsandbecome8oftheneedsofothers.Studentsarealsoabletolearnreal-lifeskillsthat9responsibility,problem-solving,andworkingaspartofateam.10,studentscanexplorepossiblecareers___11servicelearning.Forexample,ifastudentwonderswhatteachingislike,heorshecanchoosetoworkinanelementaryschoolclassroomafewafternoonseachmonth.12therearemanybenefits,opponents(反對(duì)者)13problemswiththenewrequirement.First,they14thatthemainreasonstudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,studentsspend15timestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithout16goesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayanindividual'sfreedomtochoose.Inmyview,servicelearningisagreatwayto17tothecommunity,learnnewskills,andexploredifferentcareers.18,Idon'tbelieveyoushouldforcepeopletohelpothers–the19tohelpmustcomefromtheheart.Ithinkthebest20isonethatgivesstudentschoices:astudentshouldbeabletochoosesixtyhoursofindependentstudyorsixtyhoursofservice.Choiceencouragesbothfreedomandresponsibility,andasyoungadults,wemustlearntohandlebothwisely.1.A.spend B.gain C.complete D.save2.A.and B.or C.but D.for3.A.Subjects B.ideas C.Procedures D.Examples4.A.With B.Before C.During D.After5.A.diary B.report C.noteD.notice6.A.courses B.benefits C.challenges D.features7.A.beyond B.about C.over D.in8.A.careful B.proud C.tired D.aware9.A.possess B.apply C.include D.develop10.A.Gradually B.Finally C.LuckilyD.Hopefully11.A.through B.across C.ofD.on12.A.So B.Thus C.SinceD.While13.A.dealwith B.lookinto CpointoutD.takedown14.A.argue B.doubt C.overlookD.admit15.A.much B.full C.lessD.more16.A.cost B.pay C.care.D.praise17.A.contribute B.appeal C.attendD.belong18.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.BesidesD.However19.A.courage B.desire C.emotion D.spirit20.A.decision B.purpose C.solutionD.result題例：1—5CBDAC

6—10ADCAB

11—15BDBDC

分析：文章一開(kāi)始就點(diǎn)題：Number

senseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea

1

innumber,看到此句，考生馬上明白文章要談的是：Number

sense，而且，1空處即是文章的核心信息：change.文章開(kāi)頭就是文章的主題句，全文采用先概述，后分述展開(kāi)的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)，文章中的主題詞：Numbersense,change也呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)了，全文就是圍繞著這2個(gè)詞來(lái)展開(kāi)的。全文采用對(duì)比的方式，說(shuō)明animals，特別是birds和人在thesenseofnumberchange上的異同。最后文章歸納出Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimals，全文采取“總—分—總”的組織結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)寫(xiě)的。解題一定要搞清楚文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)（即：作者闡述事理的條理，按什么方式來(lái)說(shuō)明的）。大多數(shù)高考的說(shuō)明文是按因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，或按先主后次的順序進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，或先概述后舉例，也有的按事情的邏輯關(guān)系展開(kāi)。所以分析事情的邏輯關(guān)系非常重要。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)講，高考完形填空既考詞匯在篇章中的運(yùn)用，也考思維??！所以考生備考時(shí)，一要注重詞匯的積累（不僅僅停留在識(shí)字的層面，而是要求準(zhǔn)確理解、熟練運(yùn)用），二要訓(xùn)練自己的邏輯思維。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一Keys:BAADBCDABCBCDACBDDAB【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了什么樣的鋼筆才算是得心應(yīng)手的鋼筆。1.B。既然現(xiàn)代家庭和辦公室里有了打印機(jī)，那么手寫(xiě)的東西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few少的。2.A。下文提到“人們一旦開(kāi)始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”可知當(dāng)時(shí)挑選鋼筆時(shí)，主要是根據(jù)其外觀買(mǎi)的。looks外表，外貌；reason原因；value價(jià)值；advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)。3.A。此處應(yīng)是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，用once引導(dǎo)，“一旦開(kāi)始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”；once一旦；if如果；because因?yàn)?；though雖然，盡管。4.D。句意：如果你記住了以下幾點(diǎn)的話，買(mǎi)一支你喜歡的鋼筆是不難的。convenient方便的；easy容易的；strange奇怪的，陌生的；difficult困難的。5.B。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，好的鋼筆應(yīng)該是用起來(lái)很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的；easy容易的，舒適的；hard硬的，難的；safe安全的。6.C。鋼筆的粗細(xì)是決定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine決定；seek追求，尋找。7.D。和上句的smallhandandthickfingers相對(duì)照，此處應(yīng)是largerhandandthickerfingers。8.A。句意：如果你的手比較大，手指比較粗的話，你可能更喜歡粗點(diǎn)的鋼筆。prefer喜愛(ài)；recommend推薦，建議；prepare準(zhǔn)備；demand要求，需要。9.B。上文提到鋼筆的粗細(xì)是決定舒服度的最重要的特征，此處又提到其長(zhǎng)度也影響舒適度。故選also也。hardly幾乎不；never從不；still仍然。10.C。上文提到長(zhǎng)度也會(huì)影響鋼筆的舒適度，那么造成鋼筆給人不平穩(wěn)感覺(jué)的就應(yīng)是鋼筆太長(zhǎng)了，所以選long長(zhǎng)的。thick粗的；light輕的；soft柔軟的。11.B。此處的意思應(yīng)是“筆尖應(yīng)讓墨水出水均勻”，故選allow允許；change改變；reduce減少；press按，壓。12.C。this指代上文中提到的“鋼筆出水均勻”。13.D。出水均勻的鋼筆能夠讓字體線條流暢。smooth流暢的，光滑的；thin纖瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。14.A。筆尖應(yīng)該是當(dāng)鋼筆拿起來(lái)時(shí)，不再出水。prevent…from