2024版聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約(英文)

2024UnitedNationsConventiononInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)

1.ScopeandApplication

TheCISGappliestocontractsforthesaleofgoodsbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries,providedthatthesecountriesareContractingStates.The2024versionclarifiesthecriteriafordeterminingtheapplicablelawwhentheparties'placesofbusinessareindifferentcountries.

2.FormationoftheContract

3.ObligationsoftheSeller

4.ObligationsoftheBuyer

Thebuyer'sobligationsincludetakingdeliveryofthegoods,payingtheprice,andexaminingthegoodsuponreceipt.The2024CISGemphasizesthebuyer'sresponsibilitytoprovidetimelynoticeofanydefectsornonconformities.

5.PassingofRisk

TheCISGaddressesthetransferofriskfromthesellertothebuyer.The2024editionincludesprovisionsthatclarifythecircumstancesunderwhichriskpasses,particularlyincasesofcarriageofgoodsanddeliverytoacarrier.

6.RemediesforBreachofContract

TheCISGprovidesremediesforbothsellersandbuyersintheeventofabreachofcontract.The2024versionintroducesadditionalremedies,suchastherighttorecoverconsequentialdamagesandtheoptiontodemandspecificperformanceincertaincases.

7.ExemptionsfromLiability

TheCISGrecognizescertaincircumstancesthatmayexemptapartyfromliabilityfornonperformance.The2024editionexpandsthescopeoftheseexemptionstoincludeforcemajeureeventsandotherunforeseeablecircumstances.

8.ValidityoftheContract

TheCISGacknowledgesthatcontractsmaybesubjecttothemandatorylawsoftheContractingStates.The2024versionreinforcestheprinciplethattheCISGdoesnotaffectthevalidityofacontractundertheselaws.

9.SettlementofDisputes

TheCISGencouragestheresolutionofdisputesthroughmediationandarbitration.The2024editionprovidesadditionalguidanceonthechoiceofforumandtherecognitionandenforcementofforeignjudgmentsandarbitralawards.

10.ModificationandTerminationoftheContract

TheCISGacknowledgesthatcontractsmayneedtobemodifiedorterminatedduetochangingcircumstances.The2024versionintroducesclearerguidelinesontheprocessforamendingcontracts,ensuringthatanychangesareagreeduponbothpartiesandareconsistentwiththeoriginalcontract'sintent.Additionally,theconventionprovidesrulesfortheterminationofacontract,specifyingtherightsandobligationsofeachpartyupontermination.

11.battleoftheForms

12.IncorporationofStandardTerms

Theconventionaddressestheuseofstandardtermsandconditionseitherparty.The2024editionemphasizestheneedforsuchtermstobeexplicitlyincorporatedintothecontractandprovidesguidanceonhowtodeterminewhetherstandardtermshavebeeneffectivelyincluded.

13.InterpretationoftheCISG

UnderstandingtheintentbehindtheCISGiscrucialforitsproperapplication.The2024versionincludesinterpretiveguidancetoassistcourtsandarbitratorsinconstruingtheconvention'sprovisions.ThissectionunderscorestheimportanceofinterpretingtheCISGinamannerthatfurthersitspurposeoffacilitatinginternationaltrade.

14.GoodFaithandFairDealing

TheprincipleofgoodfaithisacornerstoneoftheCISG.The2024editionreinforcestheobligationofpartiestoactingoodfaithandfairdealinginalltheircontractualrelations.Thisincludesadutytodiscloseinformationthatismaterialtothecontractandtorefrainfromengagingindeceptivepractices.

15.ElectronicCommerce

16.SustainabilityandEnvironmentalConsiderations

17.FinalProvisions

Thefinalprovisionsofthe2024CISGaddresstheconvention'sentryintoforce,theprocedurefordenunciation,andthesettlementofdisputesrelatedtotheinterpretationorapplicationoftheCISG.Theseprovisionsaredesignedtoensurethesmoothoperationoftheconventionandtoprovideaclearpathforresolvinganyissuesthatmayarise.

18.TheRoleofWarrantiesandRepresentations

The2024CISGdelvesdeeperintotheroleofwarrantiesandrepresentationsinthecontextofinternationalsalescontracts.Itprovidesclearerguidanceonthedistinctionbetweenthetwo,andhowtheycanimpacttheobligationsoftheparties.Theconventionspecifiesthatwarrantiesareaffirmationsoffactorpromisesthatformpartofthebasisofthecontract,whilerepresentationsarestatementsthatinducetheotherpartytoenterintothecontract.TheupdatedCISGensuresthatthesetermsaregivendueweightintheeventofdisputes.

19.ImpactofNationalLawsontheCISG

20.TheCISGandDevelopingCountries

Recognizingtheuniquechallengesfaceddevelopingcountriesininternationaltrade,the2024CISGincludesprovisionsthataimtoleveltheplayingfield.Theseprovisionsoffersupportandguidancetobusinessesandgovernmentsindevelopingnations,helpingthemtobetterunderstandandutilizetheCISGtotheiradvantage.Theconventionencouragesthesharingofknowledgeandbestpracticestofacilitatetheintegrationofthesecountriesintotheglobaleconomy.

21.TheCISGandConsumerProtection

The2024CISGacknowledgesthegrowingimportanceofconsumerprotectionininternationaltransactions.Whiletheconventionprimarilygovernsbusinesstobusinesscontracts,theupdatedversionincludesprovisionsthataddresstheinterfacebetweentheCISGandconsumerprotectionlaws.ItaimstoensurethattheprinciplesoftheCISGdonotunderminetheprotectionaffordtoconsumersnationallegislation.

22.TheCISGandIntellectualPropertyRights

Withtheincreasingvalueofintellectualpropertyininternationaltrade,the2024CISGaddressestherelationshipbetweentheconventionandintellectualpropertyrights.Theupdatedt