高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)之一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法（2-2）：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)之一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)（worked）（思考一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)）表示過去某一特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,lastyear,in2007,afewmonthsago等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Where__________you__________(go)justnow?表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常與often,usually等表示頻度的副詞連用。如：WhenI__________(be)achild,Ioften__________(play)footballinthestreet.表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道或記得的事情。如：Sorry,I__________(notknow)youwerehere.不好生意，我不知道你在這。（暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道）usedtodobeusedtodobeusedtodoing他以前常常每周都去看望他母親一次。He______________________________hismotheronceaweek.電扇是被用來給我們帶來風(fēng)的。Fans______________________________uswind.我習(xí)慣于晚飯后半小時(shí)外出散步。I______________________________outforawalkhalfanhourafterdinner.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用來代替過去將來時(shí)。如：Maryhadleftthekeysintheclassroomsoshehadtowaituntilhermother__________(come)home.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/wereworking）（思考過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)）表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與atthattime,then,thewholeafternoon,atsixyesterday,thistimeyesterday,lastnight等連用。如：What__________you__________(do)thistimeyeasterday?表示在過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：I__________(tidy)mysittingroomthewholemorning.表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：Whenhe__________(call)meyesterday,I__________(have)dinner.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Hetoldmehe__________(leave)forShanghaithenextday.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，allthetime，continually，constantly等副詞連用，表示過去重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，并且也常常帶有感嘆、驚訝、贊許、厭惡等情感。如：Whenheworkedhere,John__________always__________(make)mistakes.（厭惡）過去完成時(shí)（hadworked）表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，即這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，這一過去時(shí)間可用by,at,before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由when,before,after,until等引導(dǎo)的從句或上下文來表示。如：Bytheendoflastterm,I__________already__________(learn)5,000words.By+現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間點(diǎn)+____________________將來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)+____________________過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)+____________________用于表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句中。如：Ifhe__________(see)youyesterday,he__________(ask)youaboutit.if條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反didbe---werewould,should,oughtto,could,might+do與將來事實(shí)相反（暗示將來不可能發(fā)生）didbe---wereweretodoshoulddowould,should,oughtto,could,might+do與過去事實(shí)相反haddonewould,should,oughtto,couldmight+havedone用在間接引語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句中，置于said,told,asked,thought,wondered等過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞后面，表示在這些動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情?！斑^去的過去”如：Shewonderedwho__________(leave)thedooropen.一般過去時(shí)的特殊用法用一般過去時(shí)的句子有時(shí)用地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)暗示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。如：---Haveyouseenapen?I__________(leave)herethismorning---Isitablackone?IthinkI__________(see)itsomewhere.有時(shí)句子的其他成分含有的時(shí)間也暗示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。如：Theyear2002__________(see)remarkablechangesinShanghai’slandscape.20XX年目睹了上海地貌的巨大變化。表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜在很多情況下，一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間都是通過具體上下文來體現(xiàn)的。如：Mikehadgivenupsmokingforthreeweeks,butsoon__________(return)tohisoldways.表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜本打算：(had)intended，(had)meant，(had)planned本期望：(had)hoped，(had)wanted，(had)expected+todo本以為：(had)supposed，(had)thoughtWethoughttoreturnearly.翻譯：Imeanttogetupearly,butforgottosetthealarm.翻譯：Iwantedtoseetheexhibition,butthelongqueueputmeoff.翻譯：5.在特定的語(yǔ)境中個(gè)，當(dāng)要揭示某情況的真相時(shí)，我們習(xí)慣上用一般過去時(shí)。如：It’snotasbigasI__________(expect).You’reolderthanI__________(think).Youwon’tcome?Butyou__________(promise).一般過去時(shí)表示的其他時(shí)間現(xiàn)在。有時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌或商量的語(yǔ)氣。表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞有want,hope,wonder,think,intend等（同四-4）及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would。如：__________(will)youmindmysittinghere?__________(can)youhelpme?__________(will)youlikeacupoftea?（詳見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）將來。一般過去時(shí)用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（詳見虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。常用的句型有：Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.“時(shí)間已經(jīng)遲了，某人早該做……了”Itis(high)timethatsb.shoulddosth.（should不能省略）Itis(high)timeforsb.todosth.（注意與Itisthefirsttimethatsb.havedone區(qū)分開來）Itwas(high)timethatsb.haddonesth.Itwas(high)timethatsb.shoulddosth.（should不能省略）Itwas(high)timeforsb.todosth.（注意與Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddone區(qū)分開來）wouldrathersb.didsth.“寧愿某人做某事”hadrathersb.didsth.一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)不同。一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于說明發(fā)生某動(dòng)作的事實(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程或動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間。如：It__________(rain)catsanddogslastnight.昨晚下了傾盆大雨。（強(qiáng)調(diào)下過雨，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）It__________(rain)catsanddogslastnight.昨晚整整一夜都在下傾盆大雨。（強(qiáng)調(diào)雨沒停，一直在持續(xù)）。動(dòng)作的完成情況不同。一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作未完成。如：Alice__________(read)asciencefictionstorylastnight.Alice昨晚讀了一本科幻小說。Alice__________(read)asciencefictionstorylastnight.昨晚Alice正在讀一本科幻小說。持續(xù)情況不同。一般過去時(shí)可表示時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的動(dòng)作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)只能表示持續(xù)、不間斷的動(dòng)作。如：He__________(work)from4o’clockuntilsuppertime.他從4點(diǎn)到晚飯時(shí)間一直在工作。一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說話的時(shí)刻而言的，過去完成時(shí)則是對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻而言的。如：He__________(work)inafactoryin2008.兩種時(shí)態(tài)簡(jiǎn)歷的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同。對(duì)過去完成時(shí)來說，時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)十分重要，它是過去完成概念賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)，也是和一般過去時(shí)相區(qū)別的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如：He__________(work)inafactorybeforehecamehere.一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)中動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的一個(gè)或一段過去時(shí)間是可以具體確定的，與其他時(shí)間沒有牽連；它所表示的事情純屬過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒有聯(lián)系。如：We__________(visit)apowerstationyesterday.（只說明昨天參觀發(fā)電站這個(gè)事實(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不能具體指出的過去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間，它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過去事情在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。如：We__________(visit)apowerstation.（暗示現(xiàn)在對(duì)發(fā)電站有所了解）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作（句中不可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）。如：She__________(be)illforaweek.（暗示她從一周前到現(xiàn)在一直都在生?。┻^去完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作（句中有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）。如：She__________(be)illforaweekbeforeshecameback.（暗示她從回來前的一周到她回來這段時(shí)間在生病，“回來”發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間，“生病”發(fā)生在過去的過去到過去這段時(shí)間內(nèi)）過去完成時(shí)的特殊用法使用過去完成時(shí)的句式：（詳見狀語(yǔ)從句）一……就hardlysb.haddonewhensb.didnosoonersb.haddonethansb.didHardlyhadsb.donewhensb.didNosoonerhadsb.donewhensb.did如：Hardly__________(hearrive)whenshe___________(start)complaining.__________nosooner__________(Iclose)thedoorthansomebody__________(knock).這是sb.第一次做sth.Itwasthefirsttime(that)sb.haddone如：Itwasthefirsttime(that)he__________(be,bite)byadog.EX.Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。WhenIwasachild,Ioften__________footballinthestreet.(play)He__________TVfrom7to9lastnight.(watch)WhenevertheBrowns__________duringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.(go)ThestudentsdiditbetterthanI__________.(expect)I__________abookwhenhecamein.(read)YouarefromShanghai.I__________youwerefromGuangdong.(think)Bythetimethepolicemenarrived,we__________thethief.(catch)Ihaven’tvisitedhimsinceI__________here.(come)OurteachertoldusthatColumbus__________Americain1492.(discover)Therewassomeoneinourroomjustnow,becauseI__________aburningcigaretteendonthefloorwhenIopenedthefrontdoor.(notice)Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇。Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit__________seriously.A.damagedB.wasbeingdamagedC.haddamagedD.hadbeendamaged---Jack,howdoyoufindyourcompany?---Alittleworried.We__________groundasaleaderinthisfieldwiththeothersdevelopingfast.A.havelostB.arelosingC.lostD.werelosing---DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?---Yes,hedid.He__________hisoldfriendsforalongtime.A.didn’tseeB.wouldn’tseeC.hasn’tseeD.hadn’tseenEnglishhasbeenchangingforcenturies,andevennow,newwordsandexpressions__________nearlyeveryday.A.areaddedB.arebeingaddedC.haveaddedD.havebeenadded---Whyhaven’tyouaskedhertocomehere?---She__________animportantexperimentwhenIfoundherandshe__________it.A.haddone;didn’tfinishB.wasdoing;hasn’tfinishedC.did;wouldn’tfinishD.hasdone;hadn’tfinishedI’dratheryou__________rightnow.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.shouldleaveHowIwishI__________suchasillymistake,butIdid.A.hadnotmadeB.wouldnotmakeC.didn’tmakeD.haven’tmadeMymotherfeltpleasedwithherselfbecauseshe__________myfathertogiveupsmoking.A.haspersuadedB.hadpersuadedC.hasadvisedD.hadadvised---Whyonearthdidn’tyouanswerthphone?---I’msorry,butthedoorbell__________,too.A.isringingB.wasringingC.rangD.wasabouttoring---Youshouldhavefinisheditsooner.---Iknow.ButI__________enoughtime.A.hadn’thadB.don’thaveC.won’thaveD.didn’thaveIhadapleasantsurprisewhenIgottomyroom.Someone__________someflowersthereforme.A.hadputB.hasputC.putD.isputtingIdon’tknowifyounoticedtheirabsenceornot,butwe__________.A.didB.haveC.hadD.wereJohnhasgonetoShanghai,butI’mwonderingwhyhe__________insuchahurry.A.leftB.hasleftC.leavesD.wasleavingAssoonasIgotonthebusIrealizedthatI__________mypapersinthehouse.A.leftB.wasleavingC.hadleftD.haveleft---They__________theroadlastnight,buttheywon’tcompleteituntiltomorrow.---Sotheroadisstillclosedtothetraffic,isn’tit?A.repairedB.wererepairingC.hadrepairedD.hadbeenrepairingSalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople__________toenjoytheadvantagesofthistechnology.A.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbegunWhentheoldman__________towalkbacktohishouse,thesun__________itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid---YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhome.---Oh,I__________forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaitedThenewscameasnosurprisetome.I__________forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.knowThegirl__________inasmanyastenfilmsbythetimeshewassixteen.A.actedB.hadactedC.wasactingD.wouldactⅢ.指出下列句子的錯(cuò)誤并改正。（每句一處）WhenIlastsawJanet,shehurriedtohernextclassontheothersideofthecampusanddidn’thavetimetotalk.AlthoughMr.Whitehadbeenoneofthebestknownnewspapermeninthecountry,hedidnotenjoyhisworkverymuch.Nancysaidthatshewenttothesupermarketbeforecominghome.Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestedinfootball.---Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.---Oh!Ithoughttheywentwithoutme.Theywantedtohelp,buttheycouldnotgetthereintime.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syearssinceIhaveenjoyedmyselfsomuch.Thediscussionwascomingalivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.ThestudentswerewritingbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogettobooksheleftintheclassroom.Theproductionplanwascarriedoutbytheendoflastyear.Ⅳ.單項(xiàng)選擇OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon__________hisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturnedHelen__________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband__________home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome---HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?---Ihavenoidea.He__________itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?---Ofcourse.Whatisit?---I__________ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonderShe__________herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldchangeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschangingJohn,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe__________forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned---WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?---Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand__________totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingIdon’tthinkJimsawme;he__________intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststaredIcalledHannahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________onthephoneallthetime.A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talkedIdon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook.I__________ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlendB.waslendingC.hadlentD.lent---Ibegyourpardon,butIdidn’tquitecatchyou.---Oh,I__________myself.A.amtalkingtoB.talkedaboutC.havetalkedtoD.wastalkingto---We__________thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.---I’msorry.I__________tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected;hadintendedB.expect;intendC.areexpecting;hadintendedD.expected;intend---Wheredoyouthink__________he__________thecomputer?---Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.has;boughtB./;boughtC.did;buyD./;buys---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?---Idon’tthinkso.He__________totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistenedShe__________totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.A.hasnosoonergotB.hadhardlygotC.nosoonergotD.hadnosoonergot---I’msorry,butthere’snosmokingonthisfloor.---Oh,I__________that.Sorry,Iwon’tagain.A.don’tknowB.didn’tknowC.won’tknowD.haven’tknowIthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe__________it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned---DoesLiPingserveinthearmy?---No,buthe__________inthearmyforfiveyears.A.servedB.hasservedC.isservingD.wouldserve---I’msorry.Ishouldn’thavebeen