2024年高考精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測卷04（新高考九省卷）-英語（全解全析版）

2024年高考精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測卷04【新高考九省卷】英語（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Professorandstudent. B．Colleagues. C．Motherandson.【答案】B【原文】M:Ihavetogooutoftownonafamilyemergency.Canyoucovermyreadingclasstomorrow?W:Sure,butIneedtoreadyourteachingplanfirst.Ihopeyouremergencyworksoutfluently.M:Thanks.Mymother’sinhospital,andit’smyturntotakecareofherthisweek.2．Howmuchdoesthecakecost?A．$2. B．$3.5. C．$5.5.【答案】B【原文】M:Iwilltakealargeicedcoffee,please.W:It’stwodollars.M:Oh,I’dalsolikeoneblueberrycake.W:Sure,yourtotalisfivedollarsandfiftycents.Iwillhaveyourcoffeereadyinaminute.3．Whydidthewomanfeelunhappyabouthernewclass?A．Shewaslonelythere.B．Theteacherwastoostrict.C．Theclassroomwastoocrowded.【答案】A【原文】M:Hi,Olivia!Howwasthefirstdayinyournewclass?W:Ididn’tenjoyitatall.Ididn’tknowanyone.M:Don’tworry—you’llsoonmakefriends.4．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．WhatmakesJeffaperfectteacher.B．WhyJeffseldomlosestemper.C．HowJeffgiveslessons.【答案】A【原文】W:Jeffisaperfectelementaryschoolteacher.Hehasgoodskillsofteachingandisveryknowledgeable.Whatmostimportantis,heseldomlosestemper.M:Iknowwhatyoumean.Henevergetsangrywiththosekids,evenwhenthey’renotlisteningtohim.That’swhytheylikehimsomuch.5．Whywon’tJohngototheparty?A．Heisnotinvited.B．Hewillvisitafriend.C．Hehastoworkovertime.【答案】C【原文】W:Hey,John.AreyougoingtoLucy’spartythisweekend?Allofourfriendswillbethere.M:Ireallywantto.ButI’mscheduledtoworkonSaturdaynight.I’llbesuretogotothenextpartysheinvitesmeto.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．Wherearethespeakers?A．InJanice’sapartment. B．Inamovietheater. C．Inabookstore.7．WhatdoweknowaboutJanice?A．Sheishopefulaboutherfuture.B．Shehasn’tfinishedhernovel.C．Shehasbeenrejectedbytenpublishers.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】M:HeyJanice,Ihaven’tseenyouforagessinceyoumovedoutoftheapartment.Fancymeetingyouhereinthecinema.How’severythinggoing?W:Notbad.IthinkIhavealmostachievedmydream.M:Whatdoyoumeanbyalmost?W:I’vefinishedmynovelandI’vesubmittedittotenpublishers.Ibelievegoodluckwilleuponmesoon.M:That’sgreattohear.I’llkeepmyfingerscrossedforyou.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．Whendoesthewomanprobablygetuponworkingdays?A．At6:00a.m. B．At7:10a.m. C．At8:20a.m.9．Whatdoesthewomanusuallyhaveforlunchonworkingdays?A．Mushroomsortomatoes. B．Baconoreggs. C．Saladorsandwiches.10．Whoisinchargeofeveningmealsonworkingdays?A．Thewoman’shusband. B．Thewoman’sfather. C．Thewoman.【答案】8．B9．C10．C【原文】M:Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourtypicalworkingday?W:Sure.Igetupbetween7a.m.and7:20a.m.,mydadmakesaprettygoodbreakfastformyhusbandandmeeveryday.M:Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforaprettygoodbreakfast?W:Wehavemushrooms,tomatoes,baconandeggs.Afterbreakfast,Iwalktomyofficeandbeginworkat9a.m.atnoon.Ireturnhomeforlunchpreparedbymyhusband,typicallysandwichesorsalad.Ithencontinueworkingfrom2p.m.to5p.m..ThenIehomeagain,makesupperandthengotobedafterthemeal.That’sit.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11．Wherewillthespeakersliveonthetrip?A．Inawoodhouse. B．Inahotel. C．Inatent.12．WhatwillPaulatakeforthetriptothemountains?A．Bedding. B．Somefood. C．Cleaningitems.13．Whatisthespeakers’attitudetothetrip?A．Expectant. B．Hesitant. C．Critical.【答案】11．A12．B13．A【原文】W:Hi,Sam.M:Oh,hello,Paula.I’mjustcallingtoseeifyouwanttoewithusonatriptothemountains?W:Soundslikefun!Whenareyougoing?M:Nextweekend.We’regettingtherebybus.You’llneedtotakesomethingtoeat.W:DoIhavetotakemytent?M:No.Actually,we’llliveinawoodhouseonthefarminsteadofstayinginahotelandthemountains,wheretheownerwillprovideeverythingnecessary,includingbeddingandcleaningitems,likeyourtoothbrushandtowel.W:Cool.Whoelse?M:AnnaandDavid.Sotherewillbefourofusifyoue.We’llclimbandexplorethemountains,enjoyingthesceneryandexercisingourwholebodiesalongtheway.Andthehouseisbigenoughforustohaveabarbecueintheevening.I’mreallylookingforwardtothetrip.W:Fantastic!Metoo.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題。14．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheman’svisit?A．Tohavefurtherstudy. B．Toattendaconference. C．Tobuynewproducts.15．WhenwillthemanleavetheU.S?A．OnApril19th. B．OnApril21st. C．OnApril27th.16．Wheredidthemanfinishhiscollege?A．InChicago. B．InBeijing. C．InPennsylvania.17．Whatisprobablytheman?A．Afinancialmanager. B．Acustomsofficer. C．Aputerengineer.【答案】14．B15．C16．C17．A【原文】W:MayIseeyourpassportplease?M:Hereitis.W:WhatdoyouvisittheUnitedStatesfor,Mr.Lee?M:IamgoingtoattendatradeconferencehereinChicagofromApril19thto21st.W:HowlongwillyoubestayingintheU.S?M:For10days.I’llflybacktoBeijingonApril27th.W:Willyoudoanytravelingduringyourstayhere?M:Yes,IwillflytoPennsylvaniarightaftertheconference.IfinishedmycollegethereandIwanttovisitsomeofmyprofessors.Ihaven’tseenthemsinceIwentbacktoBeijing.W:Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?M:I’dliketodeclaretwolaptops.W:Areyouaputerengineer?M:No.MypanymakeslaptopsandIamresponsibleforfinancing.Theseareourlatestproducts.W:Allright,Mr.Lee.Youaregoodtogo.ThankyouforyourcooperationandenjoyyourtripintheU.S.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18．Howmanywoodentrainsetsaremadeeachmonth?A．About1,000. B．About2,000. C．About4,000.19．Whydotheyhaveabout1,000boxesinstock?A．Ordersarechangeable. B．Thespaceislimited. C．Itcansavecosts.20．Whatisthedatetoday?A．November2nd. B．November3rd. C．November10th.【答案】18．C19．A20．A【原文】Well,thenextproductIwanttomoveontoischildren’stoy.Inthispartofbuilding,wemanufactureseveraldifferentwoodentoys.Butthegreatestdemandisforourtrainsets.Thesearemadeupoftenpiecesandeachpieceisadifferentcolor.It’satoyfortheunderfivesanditsellswell.Wemanufacture1.000oftheseeveryweek.Overhere,weputallthetoysintoboxes.Becausethisisaproductforyoungchildren,everythinghastobeverycarefullycheckedinadvance.Sotheaveragetimeittakesforpackagingis5minutesperbox.Wesupplyalotoflargedepartmentstoresthroughoutthecountry.Ordersarenotconstant,butgoupanddowndependingonwhattimeoftheyearitis.Sowetrytokeepabout1,000boxesinstorageatanytime.That’sthenumberthatwehaveatthemomentanyway.AsIsaid,wedeliverourchildren’stoystostoresaroundthecountry.Outside,we’rejustloadingupthelorrieswhicharegoingtosetofftomorrow.That’sNovember3rd.thentherewon’tbeanothershipmentuntil10th,November.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANeverclimbedbefore?Itdoesn’tmatter!BouldersIndoorClimbingCentreisafantasticoutingforthewholefamilythat’sguaranteedtopackyourdaywithfunandadventure!Noexperienceisnecessary.Undertheguidanceofqualifiedinstructors,youwillstepoutsideofyourfortzoneinasafeandcontrolledenvironment.Allequipmentisprovided—justbringyourspiritofadventureandyourwillingnesstochallengeyourself!Bouldersspecializesinintroducingpeopleofallabilitiesintothisvertical(垂直的)worldinafun,safeandinclusiveway!Withclimbingwallsthatreachbetween4to12metresinheight,Boulders,whosetaskistoteachyoualltheskillsrequiredtoclimbsafely,isdesignedtotrainthebravestexplorer.Youwilllearnhowtomovearoundtheclimbingwallinasafemanner,andhowtodifferentiate(區(qū)分)betweengradesandvarietiesoftechniques.There’sevenacafeonsitewithfreeWiFi,sosendthechildrentoclimbandcheckinwiththeofficewhileyou’reenjoyingaskinnylatte!Bouldersoffersawiderangeofclimbingactivities,including:Climbingclassesforchildren,families,studentsandadultsBirthdaypartiesforallagesChildren’sholidayactivitiesSoftplayforchildren7yearsoldandunderClimbingIntroductioncoursesOpeninghours:Mon.—Fri.10:00—22:00Sat.—Sun.10:00—18:00Price:Adults￡15Child￡10Familypass:￡38Upto4persons.Thepriceincludesentrytothewallafterthesession,registrationfeeandshoehire.Rentalshoes&chalkincluded.21．Whoarethepotentialcustomersoftheclimbingcenter?A．Qualifiedinstructors. B．Childreninterestedinclimbingindoors.C．Experiencedclimbers. D．Peopleaddictedtoclimbingoutdoors.22．WhatistheaimforBouldersaccordingtothetext?A．Toinstructtheloverstogainskillsofclimbingsafely.B．Tohelpinstructorstoenjoythespiritofadventure.C．Toguaranteetheclimbersoutoftheirfortzones.D．Toequiplearnerswithabilitiestodesignclimbingwalls.23．Howmuchshouldacouplewithachildpayforentryandrentalshoesatleast?A．￡40. B．￡25. C．￡35. D．￡38.【答案】21．B22．A23．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了巨石室內(nèi)攀巖中心的相關(guān)信息。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“BouldersIndoorClimbingCentreisafantasticoutingforthewholefamilythat’sguaranteedtopackyourdaywithfunandadventure!(巨石室內(nèi)攀巖中心是全家的絕佳之旅，保證你的一天充滿樂趣和冒險！)”可知，這是一所室內(nèi)攀巖中心，適合家庭活動，由此可推測出，該中心的潛在顧客包括對室內(nèi)攀巖有興趣的孩子。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withclimbingwallsthatreachbetween4to12metresinheight,Boulders,whosetaskistoteachyoualltheskillsrequiredtoclimbsafely,isdesignedtotrainthebravestexplorer.(巨石的攀巖墻高達(dá)4至12米，其任務(wù)是教你安全攀登所需的所有技能，旨在訓(xùn)練最勇敢的探險家。)”可知，巨石室內(nèi)攀巖中心的任務(wù)是教攀巖愛好者安全攀登所需的所有技能。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的“Price:Adults￡15Child￡10(價格：成人￡15兒童￡10)”“Familypass:￡38Upto4persons.(家庭通行證：38英鎊最多4人。)”和“Thepriceincludesentrytothewallafterthesession,registrationfeeandshoehire.(價格包括課后攀墻入場費(fèi)、注冊費(fèi)和鞋子租賃費(fèi)。)”可知，一對夫婦加一個孩子不超過4人，購買入場費(fèi)和鞋子租賃費(fèi)時，如果單獨(dú)付款，則為15×2+10=40英鎊，如果購買家庭通行證，則總共需花費(fèi)38英鎊。由此可知，他們至少花費(fèi)為38英鎊。故選D。BIstartedcollectingshoppinglistsaround1997.Oneday,Iwasshoppingformydaughter’sbirthdaypartyinStLouis,Missouri,wherewelived.Afterleavingthestore,Icameacrossayellownoteintheparkinglot.Ipickeditupanditwassomebody’sshoppinglist.Ithought,“That’sinteresting.Well,wheneverIseeone,Iwillkeepit.”Peoplecollectallsortsofthingsyouwouldneverexpect.It’sasifalltheseseparate,unimportantthings,whenputtogetherasacollection,suddenlybeerevealing.ThefirstlistIfoundwasnothingspecial.Butafteryouseealotofthem,theweirdonesstickout.OneIfoundisalonglistofstuffandthen,inthemargin(空白處),someonehadwritten:“Ifyoubuyanymorerice,I’llpunchyou.”Anotheronesaysatthebottom:“NOMORECHIPS,JESSICA”.Theshoppinglistprojectstartedslowly.Atfirst,itwasjustmeandpeopleIknewwhowouldsavelistsforme.Then,atthebeginningofthe2000s,Iputitonline.Atthatpoint,blogsweregoingmainstream.Ihadpeoplemessagingme,saying,“Iworkatagrocerystoreandhavemyownlittlecollection,butIamnotgoingtodoanythingwiththem.Doyouwantthem?”SoIstartedreceivinglistsfromeverywhereintheworld.Itseemedtherewasaneverendingsupply.Atfirst,Ikeptmylistsinanenvelope.Then,asthecollectiongrew,theywenttoagrocerybag,acardboardboxandfinallyalargeplasticstoragebin.In2012,Iwasapproachedbyapublisherwhowantedtoturnmycollectionintoabook.ThenIstartedgoingthroughallmylists,figuringoutwaystocategorizeandinterpretthem.Listscantellyouallsortsofthingsaboutaperson.Someofthemareorganizedanddividelistsintosections—fruit,vegetables,dairy.Mostofthemarenot.Someareonabudget.Theprojectiscontinuing,butitgrowsmoreslowlynow.Peoplecan’thelppeekingintothesecretlivesofothers,buttechnologyhasmadeshoppinglistsmoreprivate.Mostpeopleuseapps,likeIdo.Iguesstheremightnotbeanotherbook.24．Howdidtheauthorstartcollectingshoppinglists?A．Itwasbychance. B．Itwasoutofinterest.C．Itwasforhisdaughter’sbirthday. D．Itwasinspiredbyashoppingexperience.25．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sshoppinglistproject?A．Itwoninstantfame. B．Itgotworldwidesupport.C．Ithelpedsolvefamilyconflict. D．Itwasfundedbyagrocerystore.26．Whydidtheauthorgothroughhiscollectionin2012?A．Tosaveroomformorelists. B．Tomakepreparationsforabook.C．Todigoutstoriesbehindeachlist. D．Topickoutsomelistsforapublisher.27．Howisthetextdeveloped?A．Bygivingvividexamples. B．Byshowingrelevantfacts.C．Byfollowingthetimeorder. D．Byexplainingvariousideas.【答案】24．A25．B26．B27．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的“購物清單收藏史”。一次偶然的機(jī)遇，作者撿到了一張購物清單，出于興趣，開始了自己的收藏。從開始時的緩慢推進(jìn)，到收到世界各地的購物清單，到可以出版成書，再到現(xiàn)如今緩慢發(fā)展，作者的收藏將看起來不重要的東西匯集成有意義的東西。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Oneday,Iwasshoppingformydaughter’sbirthdaypartyinStLouis,Missouri,wherewelived.Afterleavingthestore,Icameacrossayellownoteintheparkinglot.Ipickeditupanditwassomebody’sshoppinglist.Ithought,‘That’sinteresting.Well,wheneverIseeone,Iwillkeepit.’(有一天，我在密蘇里州圣路易斯為女兒的生日派對購物，我們就住在那里。離開商店后，我在停車場看到一張黃色的紙條。我撿起它，它是某人的購物清單。我想，“這很有趣。好吧，每當(dāng)我看到一個，我都會保留它?！?”可知，作者偶然間撿到了一張購物清單，發(fā)現(xiàn)很有趣，于是開始了自己的“購物清單收藏之旅”。由此推知，是一個偶然的機(jī)會讓作者開始收藏購物清單。故選A項(xiàng)。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“SoIstartedreceivinglistsfromeverywhereintheworld.(所以我開始收到來自世界各地的購物清單。)”可知，作者的收藏得到了世界各地的支持，收到了來自世界各地的購物清單。故選B項(xiàng)。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容“In2012,Iwasapproachedbyapublisherwhowantedtoturnmycollectionintoabook.ThenIstartedgoingthroughallmylists,figuringoutwaystocategorizeandinterpretthem.(2012年，一位出版商找我，想把我的收藏變成一本書。然后我開始瀏覽我所有的購物清單，找出分類和解釋它們的方法。)”可知，一位出版商想把作者的收藏變成一本書，因此作者開始瀏覽所有的購物清單為此做準(zhǔn)備。故選B項(xiàng)。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句“Istartedcollectingshoppinglistsaround1997.(我大約在1997年開始收藏購物清單。)”，第三段內(nèi)容“Then,atthebeginningofthe2000s,Iputitonline.(然后，在21世紀(jì)初，我把它放到了網(wǎng)上。)”，第五段內(nèi)容“In2012,Iwasapproachedbyapublisherwhowantedtoturnmycollectionintoabook.(2012年，一位出版商找我，想把我的收藏變成一本書。)”以及末尾段內(nèi)容“Theprojectiscontinuing,butitgrowsmoreslowlynow.(這個項(xiàng)目還在繼續(xù)，但現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更慢了。)”可知，作者按照時間發(fā)展的順序講述自己的“收藏史”。由此推知，文章是按照時間發(fā)展順序展開的。故選C項(xiàng)。CPersistentlyengaginginnegativethinkingpatternsmayraisetheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease,findsanewUCLledstudy.Inthestudyofpeopleagedover55,publishedinAlzheimer’s&Dementia,researchersfound‘repetitivenegativethinking’(RNT)islinkedtosubsequentcognitivedeclineaswellasthedeposition(沉積)ofharmfulbrainproteinslinkedtoAlzheimer’s.LeadauthorDrNatalieMarchant(UCLPsychiatry)said,“Depressionandanxietyinmidlifeandoldagearealreadyknowntoberiskfactorsfordementia(癡呆).Here,wefoundthatcertainthinkingpatternsinvolvedindepressionandanxietycouldbeanunderlyingreasonwhypeoplewiththosedisordersaremorelikelytodevelopdementia.”“Wehopethatourfindingscouldbeusedtodevelopstrategiestolowerpeople’sriskofdementiabyhelpingthemtoreducetheirnegativethinkingpatterns.”FortheAlzheimer’sSocietysupportedstudy,theresearchteamfromUCL,INSERMandMcGillUniversitystudied292peopleovertheageof55.Overaperiodoftwoyears,thestudyparticipantsrespondedtoquestionsabouthowtheytypicallythinkaboutnegativeexperiences,focusingonRNTpatternslikethoughtsaboutthepastandworryaboutthefuture.Theparticipantsalsopletedmeasuresofdepressionandanxietysymptoms.Theircognitivefunctionwasassessed,measuringmemory,attention,spatialcognition,andlanguage.TheresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhoexhibitedhigherRNTpatternsexperiencedmorecognitivedeclineoverafouryearperiod,anddeclinesinmemory(whichisamongtheearliersignsofAlzheimer’sdisease).“Weproposethatrepetitivenegativethinkingmaybeanewriskfactorfordementiaasitcouldcontributetodementiainauniqueway,”saidDrMarchant.CoauthorDrGaelChételatmented,“Ourthoughtscanhaveabiologicalimpactonourphysicalhealth,whichmightbepositiveornegative.Mentaltrainingpracticessuchasmeditationmighthelppromotingpositivewhiledownregulatingnegativeassociatedmentalschemes.”“Lookingafteryourmentalhealthisimportant,anditshouldbeamajorpublichealthpriority,asit’snotonlyimportantforpeople’shealthandwellbeingintheshortterm,butitcouldalsoimpactyoureventualriskofdementia.”28．Whatisrepetitivenegativethinking(RNT)connectedto?A．Thinkingapproachimprovementinlateryears.B．Anxietydisorderswhichoccurinfemalessolely.C．Individualsofyoungerage,whichisturningintoatrend.D．Latercognitivedeclineandthedepositofharmfulbrainproteins.29．WhatcanwelearnaboutcertainthinkingpatternsaccordingtoDrNatalieMarchant?A．Theyhavenosubstantialimpactondementia.B．Theymightleadtopeoplegettingdementiaeasily.C．Theyarerelevantprimarilyinmidlife,notinoldage.D．Theyareprimarycontributorstodepressionandanxietydisorders.30．Whatweretheparticipantsaskedaboutinthestudy?A．Theirdailyroutinesandhabits.B．Theirfavoritepersonalexperiences.C．Theirtypicalthinkingaboutnegativeexperiences.D．Theirperspectivesonvariousmentalhealthpractices.31．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Controllingnegativeemotionsisbeneficialtohealth.B．Repetitivenegativepatternsincreasememoryinasense.C．Mentalhealthoftheelderlyalwaysgoesunnoticedinpublic.D．Constantlyengaginginthinkingleadstoone’sdementiaintime.【答案】28．D29．B30．C31．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期沉浸在消極思維模式可能會增加患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthestudyofpeopleagedover55,publishedinAlzheimer’s&Dementia,researchersfound‘repetitivenegativethinking’(RNT)islinkedtosubsequentcognitivedeclineaswellasthedeposition(沉積)ofharmfulbrainproteinslinkedtoAlzheimer’s.(發(fā)表在《阿爾茨海默病與癡呆癥》雜志上的一項(xiàng)針對55歲以上人群的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，“重復(fù)性消極思維”(RNT)與隨后的認(rèn)知能力下降以及與阿爾茨海默病相關(guān)的有害大腦蛋白質(zhì)沉積有關(guān))”可知，重復(fù)性消極思維(RNT)與后期認(rèn)知能力下降和有害腦蛋白沉積有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中DrNatalieMarchant的話“Here,wefoundthatcertainthinkingpatternsinvolvedindepressionandanxietycouldbeanunderlyingreasonwhypeoplewiththosedisordersaremorelikelytodevelopdementia.(在這里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與抑郁和焦慮有關(guān)的某些思維模式可能是患有這些疾病的人更容易患上癡呆癥的潛在原因)”可知，根據(jù)NatalieMarchant博士的研究可知，某些思維模式可能會導(dǎo)致人們?nèi)菀谆忌习V呆癥。故選B項(xiàng)。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Overaperiodoftwoyears,thestudyparticipantsrespondedtoquestionsabouthowtheytypicallythinkaboutnegativeexperiences,focusingonRNTpatternslikethoughtsaboutthepastandworryaboutthefuture.(在兩年的時間里，研究參與者回答了關(guān)于他們通常如何看待負(fù)面經(jīng)歷的問題，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注RNT模式，如對過去的思考和對未來的擔(dān)憂)”可知，研究中，參與者被問及他們對負(fù)面經(jīng)歷的典型思維。故選C項(xiàng)。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“PersistentlyengaginginnegativethinkingpatternsmayraisetheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease,findsanewUCLledstudy.(倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期運(yùn)用消極思維模式可能會增加患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險)”、第三段中“Here,wefoundthatcertainthinkingpatternsinvolvedindepressionandanxietycouldbeanunderlyingreasonwhypeoplewiththosedisordersaremorelikelytodevelopdementia.(在這里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與抑郁和焦慮有關(guān)的某些思維模式可能是患有這些疾病的人更容易患上癡呆癥的潛在原因)”和第八段中“Weproposethatrepetitivenegativethinkingmaybeanewriskfactorfordementiaasitcouldcontributetodementiainauniqueway,(我們認(rèn)為，重復(fù)的消極思維可能是癡呆癥的一個新的危險因素，因?yàn)樗赡芤砸环N獨(dú)特的方式導(dǎo)致癡呆癥)”可知，消極思維會增加患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險，對健康造成危害。由此推知，控制消極情緒有利于健康。故選A項(xiàng)。DThoughyoumaynotknowit,abouthalfabillionpeopleworldwidedependontheecosystemscreatedandsupportedbycorals.Andwithclimatechangethreateningtheirsurvival,marinescientistEnricSalahadanideathatmighthaveseemedimpossible.“Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting(開發(fā))them,pollutingthemandkillingthemallovertheworld,”Salasaid.Theideawas,inessence,madepossibleduringanexpeditionthatSalaledin2009.TheteamtraveledtoacorneroftheSouthPacificOcean,andfoundsomeuntouchedreefs.HisteampresentedtheirfindingstoofficialsintheislandcountryofKiribati.ThentheKiribatigovernmenttookstepstoprotectthewatersfromfishingandotherhumanactivities,butbetween2015and2016,recordlevelsofoceanwarmingkilledhalfthecoralreefstheteamhadfound.Afterhearingthatnews,theylosthopeforthehealthofcoralreefs.Butthestudycontinued,andlastyear,theywentinforanotherdive.Despitethereportedconditions,Salaandhisteamfoundthatthereefshadsomehowrestoredthemselves,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Thisresurrection(復(fù)興)issomethingthatSalasayscanbetracedtotwokeyfactors.Thefirstis,thankfully,halfofthecoralshadnotdied,aswaspreviouslythought.Despitetheriseintemperatures,therewereenoughsurvivingcoralsleftbehindtohelpreproducethereefs.ThesecondfactoristheKiribatigovernment’sdecisiontofullyprotectthosewaters.“Thereareabundantfishspecies.Theyeatallthealgaethatwouldsmother(窒息)thecorals,makingitpossibleforthecoralstoeback,”Salaexplained.“Soifsomecountrieswantafutureforthefisheries,theyneedtomanagetheirfisheriesinamoreresponsiblewayaroundareasthataresetasidetohelpregeneratetherestoftheocean,”Salasaid.Forhimandhisteam,therebirthofthecoralreefsinKiribatiisabeaconofhopeamongsomuchpessimism(悲觀主義)surroundingthefutureofreefs.32．WhatdidEnricSalawanttodoaccordingtohiswordsinparagraph2?A．Studysomeuntouchedcoralreefs. B．Developtechnologyfortimetravel.C．Raiseawarenessaboutseaprotection. D．Restorecoralreefstotheiroriginalstate.33．Whatledtothedeathofhalfthecoralreefsbetween2015and2016?A．Habitatdestruction. B．Climatechange.C．Waterpollution. D．Biodiversityloss.34．WhichfactorhelpedthecoralreefsinKiribatirestorethemselves?A．Fallofoceantemperature. B．Introductionofnewfishspecies.C．Officialfundingforrestorationefforts. D．Sufficientsurvivingcoralsforreproduction.35．WhatisEnricSala’ssuggestiontosomecountries?A．Killingallthealgaeintheocean. B．Reducingdependenceonfisheries.C．Protectingtheoceanfromoverfishing. D．Strengtheningcooperationwithscientists.【答案】32．D33．B34．D35．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了海洋科學(xué)家EnricSala為保護(hù)恢復(fù)珊瑚礁所做的努力。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Sala所說“Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting(開發(fā))them,pollutingthemandkillingthemallovertheworld(我們想進(jìn)入一臺時光機(jī)，回到幾百年前，真正看到珊瑚礁，就像我們開始在世界各地開采、污染和殺害它們之前一樣。)”可知，Sala想恢復(fù)珊瑚礁的原始狀態(tài)。故選D項(xiàng)。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThentheKiribatigovernmenttookstepstoprotectthewatersfromfishingandotherhumanactivities,butbetween2015and2016,recordlevelsofoceanwarmingkilledhalfthecoralreefstheteamhadfound.(然后基里巴斯政府采取措施保護(hù)水域不受捕魚和其他人類活動的影響，但在2015年至2016年期間，創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的海洋變暖水平殺死了該團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一半珊瑚礁。)”可知，2015年至2016年間，氣候變化導(dǎo)致了一半珊瑚礁的死亡。故選B項(xiàng)。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Thefirstis,thankfully,halfofthecoralshadnotdied,aswaspreviouslythought.Despitetheriseintemperatures,therewereenoughsurvivingcoralsleftbehindtohelpreproducethereefs.(首先，謝天謝地，一半的珊瑚沒有像之前認(rèn)為的那樣死亡。盡管氣溫上升，但仍有足夠的幸存珊瑚留下來幫助珊瑚礁繁殖。)”可知，有足夠的幸存珊瑚進(jìn)行繁殖可以幫助珊瑚礁恢復(fù)。故選D項(xiàng)。35．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第七段中“Thereareabundantfishspecies.Theyeatallthealgaethatwouldsmother(窒息)thecorals,makingitpossibleforthecoralstoeback.(這里有豐富的魚類。它們吃掉所有會使珊瑚窒息的藻類，使珊瑚有可能回來。)”和第八段中“Soifsomecountrieswantafutureforthefisheries,theyneedtomanagetheirfisheriesinamoreresponsiblewayaroundareasthataresetasidetohelpregeneratetherestoftheocean.(因此，如果一些國家想要漁業(yè)的未來，他們需要以更負(fù)責(zé)任的方式管理他們的漁業(yè)，這些漁業(yè)是為了幫助海洋的其他部分再生而留出的。)”可知，Sala建議一些國家保護(hù)海洋免受過度捕撈。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Apickupgameisagameofsomekindthatisnotpartofaregularlyscheduledseasonofpetitionorachampionshipseries.36.Therearenorepercussions(負(fù)面影響)beyondthefinalscoreintermsofstandingsorfuturemitment.37.Butthetypesofgamesthatusethetermhaveexpandedtoday.Itisnowusedtorefertocasuallyscheduledgamesofsoftball,volleyball,tennis,andevenchess.Pickupgamesarespontaneous(自發(fā)的)andinformal.38.Anallmen’spickupgamemaybeplayedas“ShirtsvsNoShirts”;itisaneasywaytoidentifyteammatesanddistinguishthemfromthepetitors.“InsideShirtsvsOutShirts”“WhiteShirtsvsColoredShirts”and“MenvsWomen”areotherteamscreatedwiththegoalofknowingwhoiswho.Recently,attemptshavebeenmadetousetheInternettoschedulepickupgames.Thisisawayofhelpingplayersconnectwithotherplayersintheirlocalareaandallowingthemtohavepleteteamswheneverpossible.39.

Forexample,gender,gamechoice,age,location,andhowfartheyarewillingtotraveltoagame.Themaindrawofpickupgamesisthattheyaremeanttobeafunwaytopracticeorshowoffskillswithfriends.Ifaplayermakesamistake,hewon’tbetakenoutofthegameandworriedaboutlosinghisplayingtime.40.A．Youcouldplaypickupfootball,baseball,etc.B．Hecanlaughitoffandcontinueonwiththegame.C．Thismethodmakesthegamemuchmorepetitive.D．Potentialplayersareaskedtoprovidetheirinformation.E．Theterm“pickupgame”oftenreferstobasketballgames.F．Instead,itisagamewithteamsoftenmadeuponthespot.G．Butpeoplehaveavarietyofmethodstopickteamsandidentifythem.【答案】36．F37．E38．G39．D40．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是關(guān)于即興比賽的一些相關(guān)信息。36．空前“Apickupgameisagameofsomekindthatisnotpartofaregularlyscheduledseasonofpetitionorachampionshipseries.(即興比賽是一種不屬于常規(guī)賽季或冠軍系列賽的比賽。)”說明了即興比賽是一種不屬于常規(guī)賽季或冠軍系列賽的比賽，空格處應(yīng)該說它到底是一種什么樣的比賽，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Instead,itisagamewithteamsoftenmadeuponthespot.(相反，它是一種經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)場組成球隊(duì)的比賽。)”說明的是即興比賽是在現(xiàn)場組成球隊(duì)的比賽，承接上文，符合語境，故選F。37．空后“Butthetypesofgamesthatusethetermhaveexpandedtoday.Itisnowusedtorefertocasuallyscheduledgamesofsoftball,volleyball,tennis,andevenchess.(但如今，使用這一術(shù)語的比賽類型有所擴(kuò)展?，F(xiàn)在用來指壘球、排球、網(wǎng)球甚至國際象棋等隨意安排的比賽。)”說明即興比賽已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展到其他的一些球類比賽中，空格處就應(yīng)該說它一般是用于某一種比賽中，E選項(xiàng)“Theterm“pickupgame”oftenreferstobasketballgames.(“pickupgame”這