Unit 4 語(yǔ)法（復(fù)習(xí)講義）-2023-2024學(xué)年六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)單元速記·巧練（譯林版三起）

Unit4Thenandnow語(yǔ)法梳理：一般過(guò)去時(shí)VS一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)精講精練(含答案)比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)VS一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Twentyyearsago,MrsBrownmadefriendsatschool.Twentyyearsago,MrsBrownmadefriendsatschool.二十年前，布朗夫人在學(xué)校交伴侶。Nowshehase-friendsfromallovertheword.現(xiàn)在她的網(wǎng)友遍布全世界。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義：指經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)若指經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞；若指經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用be動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞原形/三單謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞am/is/are標(biāo)志詞：everyday,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom(很少),never(從不)動(dòng)詞三單變化規(guī)章：一般在動(dòng)詞尾加s，如：look--looks,read--reads;以s,x,sh,ch以及o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加es，如：catch--catches,go--goes,do--does;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加es,如：fly--flies;特例：have--has注：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是he,she,it以及單數(shù)，不行數(shù)名詞時(shí)用三單。句型轉(zhuǎn)化確定句：Iamathome.Ilikecats.Helikeslions.否定句：Iamathome.Idon’tlikecats.Hedoesn’tlikelions.一般疑問(wèn)句：-Areyouathome?-Doyoulikecats?-Doeshelikelions?-Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.-Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.-Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whereareyou?Whatdoyoulike?Helikeslions.一般過(guò)去時(shí)定義：指發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。指發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或事情，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式；指過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式was,were。規(guī)章的動(dòng)詞加ed，不規(guī)章的特殊記謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was/were標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/eveninglastweek/month/year/term上一周/日/去年/上個(gè)學(xué)期thismorning/afternoon/eveningjustnow(剛才)；aweekago(一周前);longlongago(很久以前)oneday(一天);thedaybeforeyesterday(前天)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)式的變化規(guī)章★★★★★一般直接在詞尾加一般直接在詞尾加-ed。以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-d。以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i,再加-ed。以一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed。不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化,需要同學(xué)們逐個(gè)記憶。例：watch—watchedlike—likedstudy—studiedstop—stoppedare—werego--wenthave--hadread--read一般過(guò)去時(shí)的三種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句確定句主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（+其他）Ididhomeworkyesterday.主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他Iwasveryhappyyesterday.否定句主語(yǔ)+didn't+行為動(dòng)詞原形（+其他）Ididn'tdohomeworkyesterday.主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+其他Iwasn'thappyyesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞原形（+其他）？Didyoudohomeworkyesterday？確定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+did.否定回答：No+主語(yǔ)+didn't.Yes,Idid.是的，我寫(xiě)了。No,Ididn’t.不，我沒(méi)寫(xiě)。Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其他？Wereyouhappyyesterday？確定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+was/were+not.Yes,Iwas.是的，我很快活。No,Iwasnot.不，我不快活。【考題精練】按要求寫(xiě)詞。1.can（過(guò)去式） 2.went（原形）3.take（過(guò)去式） 4.fly（過(guò)去式）5.read（過(guò)去式） 6.saw（原形）7.couldn’t（完整形式） 8.shop（現(xiàn)在分詞）9.e-mail（復(fù)數(shù)） 10.buy（過(guò)去式）用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Mygrandmotheris(read)e-booksontheInternetnow.2.Myparents(use)thetelephone(call)peoplebefore.3.LiuTao(write)alettertohise-friendyesterdaymorning.4.Twentyyearsago,sheusually(make)friendsatschool.5.Mike(watch)TVafterdinnerlastnight?6.MrsBlack(buy)alotofthingsinthesupermarketyesterdaymorning.7.I(go)toBen'sbirthdaypartylastnightand(take)himagift.8.Helen(eat)ahamburgeranddrinksabottleofmilkeverymorning.9.LiuTao(get)anewcomputerfromhisfatherlastweekend.10.Eightyearsago,Ben(cannot)write,butnowhecanwritemanywords.按要求完成句子。1.Heusedthetelephonetocallpeopletwentyyearsago.(改為同義句)Hepeoplethetelephonetwentyyearsago.2.Thereweresomenewspapersonthetablejustnow.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)newspapersonthetablejustnow?3.Theyfoundasmalllakeintheforest.(改為否定句)Theyasmalllakeintheforest.4.Nancycoulddrawpicturesfiveyearsago.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))Nancyfiveyearsago?5.MissLiistellingusastorynow.(用yesterday替換now改寫(xiě)句子)MissLiastoryyesterday.could表達(dá)某人過(guò)去會(huì)做某事Sixyearsago,Mikecouldreadanddraw,buthecouldnotwrite.Sixyearsago,Mikecouldreadanddraw,buthecouldnotwrite.六年前，邁克會(huì)讀書(shū)和畫(huà)畫(huà)，但是他不會(huì)寫(xiě)字。解析：·could是can的過(guò)去式，意為“能夠，會(huì)，可以”，表示某人具有做某事的力量；其否定形式為couldn’t=couldnot;·兩者沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后都要接動(dòng)詞原形。即can/could+動(dòng)詞原形·確定句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+could+動(dòng)詞原形（+其他）.否定句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+couldn’t+動(dòng)詞原形（+其他）.一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Could+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形（+其他）？確定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+could./否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+couldn’t.拓展：could也可以表示委婉、客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法，此時(shí)可以與can互換使用，但could的語(yǔ)氣較can委婉，兩者沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)分。典例：WhenIwasfiveyearsold,Icouldsing,butIcouldn’tdance.當(dāng)我五歲的時(shí)候，我會(huì)唱歌，但是我不會(huì)跳舞?！究碱}精練】單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.MrGreenbecauseTomdidn'thiminclass.A.getsangry;listenedtoB.gotsangry;listenC.gotangry;listento()2.Tenyearsago,Ieightyearsoldandyouten.A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;are()3.Theboyskate,butthegirl.A.could;didn'tB.could;couldn'tC.couldn't;did()4.Samcanmakeasentence“ago”,butBobby.A.for;doesn'tB.with;canC.with;can't()5.Helencouldn'tdancesingfiveyearsago.A.orB.andC.to依據(jù)中文提示完成句子。1.老約翰以前聽(tīng)收音機(jī)獵取新聞。OldJohntheradiobefore.2.蘇海的爺爺寵愛(ài)看報(bào)紙。SuHai'sgrandpalikes.3.現(xiàn)在，我們可以隨處給我們的伴侶們打電話。Nowwecan.4.五年前，我不會(huì)溜冰，但是我會(huì)游泳。Iskate,butI.5.在周末，我們通常步行去超市購(gòu)物，然后去看電影。Atweekends,weusuallythesupermarkettodo,andthenwegotothecinema.參考答案1.could2.go3.took4.flew5.read6.see7.couldnot8.shopping9.e-mails10.bought1.reading2.used,tocall3.wrote4.made5.Did,watch6.bought7.went,took8.eats9.got10.couldn'tl