北京市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底測試英語試題（附答案）

北京市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底測試英語試題第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 Yearsoflivingwithalisp(口齒不清)hadtaughtmeitwasbetternottosayanythingthantospeakandriskembarrassment.Asaresultofmy_1_,Ifeltdistancedfrommostofmypeer.“Kathy?Oh,she'squiet.”That'swhatmostpeoplewouldsaywhentheytalkedofme,asif“Quiet”werepartofmyname.Iwasokaywiththat.Ididn'tneedtobe_2_. LastSeptember,however,thatall_3_.IstartedmycreativewritingclasswithMs.Haist.Everydaywewouldbegivenadifferentwritingtaskand,ifwewished,wecouldsharewhatwehadwritten.Irememberlisteningtoothersreadtheirworkandthinking:“Thatwillneverbeme.I'llneverhavethe_4_todothat.”O(jiān)neday,IwasreallypleasedwithwhatIhadwrittenandwantedtoshare.MyheartwasbeatingwildlyasIraisedmyhand.Those_5_littlevoiceswereringinginmyear,“Youhavealisp,remember?Besides,yourwritingisn'tthatgood.Bequiet.”Iwasaboutto_6_myhandwhenImetMs.Haist'sencouragingeyes.Iswallowedthevoicesdownandletmyrealvoice_7_.Icouldhearit_8_asIread,andIcouldheareverystutter(結(jié)巴)andmistake.Ifinishedreading,waitingtobelaughedat.Unexpectedly,IheardclapsfromtheclassandpraisefromMs.Haist.Thenextday,Ididitagain.SoonIwasreadingoutloudnearlyeveryday.GraduallyIrealizedthat_9_mylisp,theclassandtheteacheralwaysappreciatedmywriting.NowImaystillnotbethemostoutgoing,socialperson,butI'vebecomebetteratoralpresentations.Ievenreadmypoetryoutloudatareadingclub.Everytimethoselittlevoicestrytotellmetobequiet,IthinkofalltheencouragementIreceivedinclassandIknowthatI_10_tobeheard.1.A.embarrassmentB.excitementC.humorD.silence2.A.seenB.heardC.followedD.protected3.A.changedB.returnedC.developedD.disappeared4.A.timeB.courageC.patienceD.evidence5.A.tiredB.funnyC.urgentD.cheerful6.A.touchB.waveC.extendD.withdrawC.comegodownB.dieawayC.comeoutD.calmdown8.A.shakingB.singingC.shoutingD.deepening9.A.thankstoB.despiteC.insteadofD.except10.A.fearB.agreeC.deserveD.pretend第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AIwasluckyenoughtoattendthesixthUNEconomicandSocialCouncilYouthForum,_11_washeldinNewYorkinJanuary.Attheopeningceremony,Iwassoimpressedaftermeetingmorethan500fellowyoungpeoplefromover200countriesandregions.IfeltthingsIusedtoworryabout,suchasmyexamsorperformanceatschool,weresosmall_12_(compare)totheglobalproblemstheyweretryingtosolve.Asyoungpeople,weshouldfocusmoreonmajorproblems,like_13_(poor),environmentalproblemsandhealthcarefacingallhumanbeings.BABBCfilmcrewwasworkingontheremoteLordHoweIslandforanewwildlifedocumentarycalledDrowninginPlastic.Theyfilmedmanybirdsthat_14_(die)fornoclearreason.Aftersomeresearch,theyfoundoutthetruth—whatcausedthedeathofthebirdswasthattheirstomachswere_15_(literal)toofullofplastic.Thedocumentaryteamalsofilmedbiologistsworkingontheislandtosavethebirds.Thescientistscapturedhundredsofchicksandremovedplasticfromtheirstomachs_16_(give)themachanceofsurvival.CNowadays,manypeoplehavemorethanonejob,oraslashcareer.Forpeople_17_(encourage)slashcareers,secondaryjobs_18_(become)enjoyableiftheycanincludeintereststheprimaryjobdoesn'ttouch.Ontheotherhand,aslashcareercanbedangerous_19_work-lifebalance.Workingmorethanonejobcanfillupallofyourtime.Onemightgiveupnecessarythingslikerelaxation,exerciseortimewithone'sfamily.Peoplewithslashcareersneedtothinkcarefullyabout_20_theyusetheirtime.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThisTinyBoxWillHelpYouRelaxInTerribleSummerHeat! TraditionalAirConditioners(AC)areoutdated.Theycostalottoinstallandevenmoretorun.Theyarehuge,noisy,anddangeroustoclean.Youcan'tmovethemaroundthehousewithyouortakethemoutside!Thousandsofpeoplearenowusingamuchcheaperalternativetocoolthemselvesintheheatandcleantheirpersonalair.Withovermillionunitssoldworldwide,thisdeviceisbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulgadgetsof2024.EVERYONEwantsthisawesomelookingboxforsummer!WhatAreWeTalkingAbout?MeetthenewAirFreez,aninnovative.alternativetoACthatcoolsyoujustthesame!It'saperfectsolutionforthoseveryhotdaysandnights!TheAirFreezwasdesignedbytwoSwissengineerswhowerefedupsufferingthehotsummers.TheyrealizedthatACunitsaresuperinefficientandcostalotofmoneytouse.TheengineersalsodiscoveredthatnoneofthetraditionalACunitsweremadetotravelwith.So,theydesignedthislight-weight,portableAirCoolingbox.ItusesaverysmallamountofelectricityandallwithoutsacrificinganyofthemainbenefitsofatopACmodel!It'stiny,easytouseanditcancoolyouinseconds!WhatIsSoSpecialAboutThisLittleBox?ThemainbenefitsofAirFreezareitsportabilityandprice.Itisnolargerthanalunchbox.Besides,itcanbepoweredbyapocketsolarpanelorbatterypackandyouprobablyhavetheworld'smostportableACunit.AndThereIsOneMoreThing.Thepriceisjustamazing.MostACunitscostatleast$300+ANDyouhavetopayforinstallationPLUScovertheexpensiveelectricitybillseachmonth.AirFreezcostslessthan$100(Actually$53foreachifyoubuymorethanonehere).Nomessyinstallation,noexpensiveelectricitybills.ForaCoolingunitofthisquality,thismustbethesinglebestprice-qualityACunitthereis!HowCanYouGetAnAirFreez?Nowthatyouareawareofthisamazingnewinvention,hereishowtogetone—orderitfromtheOfficialWebsiteforBESTPRICE.21.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAirFreez.A.Smartbutfragile.B.Foldableanddurable.C.Handyandenergy-saving.D.Costlybutmulti-functional.22.WhatcanwelearnaboutAirFreez?A.Itcostslessthan$53.B.Itdoesn'tconsumeelectricity.CItisalittlelargerthanalunchbox.D.Itrequiresnocomplexinstallation.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.ToadvertiseAirfreez.B.ToexplainthefunctionsofAirFreez.C.TointroducetheinventorsofAirFreez.D.TocompareAirFreezwithtraditionalAC.BIgotmarriedjustafterIgraduatedfromcollegeandfoundajobtosupportourfamilyatthenearbyMassachusettesInstituteofTechnology(MIT).ItwasinthelaboratoryofProf.EdwardLorenzthatIlearnedwhatacomputerwasandhowtodevelopsoftware.Onedaymyhusbandsawanewperadvertisement.TheMITInstrumentationLaboratorywaslookingforpeopletodevelopsoftwareto“sendmantothemoon”.Deeplyattractedbothbytheideaandthefactthatithadneverbeendonebefore,Ibecamethefirstprogrammertojoinandthefirstwomanthelabhired.Atthebeginning,nobodythoughtsoftwarewassuchabigdeal.Butthentheybegantorealizehowmuchtheywererelyingonit.Oursoftwareneededtobeveryreliableandabletodetectanerrorandrecoverfromitatanytimeduringthemission.Mydaughter,Lauren,likedtoimitateme—playingastronaut.Oneday,shewaswithmewhenIwasdoingasimulation(模擬)ofamissiontothemoon.Shestartedhittingkeysandallofasudden,sheselectedaprogramwhichwassupposedtoberunbeforelaunch.Thecomputerhadsolittlecethatitwipedthenavigationdatatakinghertothemoon.Ithought:myGod—thiscouldhappenbyaccidentinarealmission.Isuggestedaprogramchangetopreventaprelaunchprogrambeingselectedduringflight.Butthehigher-upsatMITandNASAsaidtheastronautsweretoowelltrainedtomakesuchamistake.Ontheverynextmission,Apollo8,oneoftheastronautsonboardaccidentallydidexactlywhatLaurenhaddone.TheLaurenbug!Itcreateddestructionandrequiredthemissiontoberearranged.Afterthat,theyletmeputtheprogramchangein.ItwastheprogramchangethathadacrucialinfluenceonthesuccessofthemissionofApollo11.DuringtheearlydaysofApollo,softwarewasnottakenasseriouslyasotherengineeringdisciplines(學(xué)科).ItwasoutofdesperationIcameupwiththeterm“softwareengineering”.Thenonedayinameeting,oneofthemostrespectedhardwareexpertsexplainedtoeveryonethatheagreedwithmethattheprocessofbuildingsoftwareshouldalsobeconsideredanengineeringdiscipline,justlikewithhardware.Itwasamemorablemoment.24.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.ShetaughtLaurentowritesoftware.B.Shegothermaster'sdegreefromMIT.C.SheisthefirstwomaneverhiredbyMIT.D.Shecreatedtheterm“softwareengineering”.25.“TheLaurenbug”inPara.5refersto_.A.amistakecausingdatalossB.apettoaccompanyLaurenC.asoftwareendingprelaunchD.amissiontolandonthemoon26.WhatgreatlycontributedtoApollo11'ssuccessaccordingtothepassage?A.Thein-timeuploadofdata.B.Experts’newattitude.C.Theprogramchange.D.Astronauts'richexperience.27.WhatcanwelearnfromMargaret'sstory?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B.Chancesfavorthepreparedmind.C.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.D.Honestyisthebestpolicy.CIsittruethatourbrainaloneisresponsibleforhumancognition(認(rèn)知)?Whataboutourbody?Isitpossibleforthoughtandbehaviortooriginatefromsomewhereotherthanourbrain?PsychologistswhostudyEmbodiedCognition(EC)asksimilarquestions.TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.Ifyouthinkaboutitforamoment,itmakestotalsense.Whenyousmellsomethinggoodorhearamusingsounds,certainemotionsareawakened.Thinkabouthownewbornsusetheirsensestounderstandtheworldaroundthem.Theydon'thaveemotionssomuchasneeds—theydon'tfeelsad,they'rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeeltheirmothers’heartbeatsandthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld,theycrywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoassociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.Understandably,theoristshavebeenarguingforyearsandstilldisagreeonwhetherthebrainisthenervecenterthatoperatestherestofthebody.OlderWesternphilosóphersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersbelievethisisfact,whileECtheorisesthatthebrainandbodyareworkingtogetherasanorganicsupercomputer,processingeverythingandformingyourreactions.Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemind-bodyinteraction!.Inoneexperiment,testsubjectswereaskedtojudgepeopleafterbeinghandedahotoracolddrink.Theyallmadewarmevaluationswhentheirfingertipsperceivedwarmthratherthancoolness.Anditworkstheotherwaytoo;inanotherstudy,subjects'fingertiptemperaturesweremeasuredafterbeingincludedinor“rejected”fromagrouptask.Thosewhowereincludedfeltphysicallywarmer.Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比方說法)thatweusewithouteventhinking.Akindandsympatheticpersonisfrequentlyreferredtoasonewithasoftheartandsomeonewhoisverystrongandcalmindifficultsituationsisoftendescribedassolidasarock.Andthiskindofmetaphoricaluseiscommonacrosslanguages.Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmind-bodyinteraction,whynotuseit?Ifyou'rehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.Ifyouknowyou'rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyinterpersonaldecisions.28.Accordingtotheauthor,thesignificanceoftheECtheoryliesin_.AfacilitatingourunderstandingoftheoriginofpsychologyB.revealingthemajorroleofthemindinhumancognitionC.offeringaclearerpictureoftheshapeofhumanbrainD.bringingusclosertothetruthinhumancognition29.TheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4furtherprove_.A.howbodytemperatureisrelatedtohealthB.themindandthebodyinfluenceeachotherC.environmentimpactshowwejudgeothersD.howhumansinteractwiththeirsurroundings30.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tosharewiththereaderwaystoreleasetheiremotions.B.Toguidethereaderontothepathtocareersuccess.C.ToencouragethereadertoputECintopractice.D:Todeepenthereader'sunderstandingofEC.DIfyoulookacrosstheentirelifen,whatyouseeisanaverageincreaseindesirablepersonalitytraits(特點(diǎn)).Psychologistscallthisthe“maturityprinciple”andit'scomfortingtoknowthat,assumingyourpersonalityfollowsatypicalcourse,thentheolderyouget,thematureryouwillbecome.However,it'snotsuchgoodnewsforyoungadolescents,becauseatthispoint,somethingknownasthe“disruptionhypothesis”kicksin. ConsiderastudyofDutchteenagerswhocompletedpersonalitytestseachyearforsixorsevenyearsfrom2005.Theboysshowedatemporarydipinconscientiousness—orderlinessandself-disciplineinearlyadolescence,andthegirlsshowedatemporaryincreaseinneuroticism--emotionalinstability.Thisseemstobackupsomeofthestereotypeswehaveofmessyteenbedroomsandmoodswings.Thankfully,thisdeclineinpersonalityisshort-lived,withtheDutchdatashowingthattheteenagers'previouspositivetraitsrebound(反彈)inlateradolescence. Bothparentsandtheirteenagechildrenagreethatchangesoccur,butsurprisingly,theperceivedchangecandependonwhoismeasuring,accordingtoa2017studyofover2,700Germanteenagers.Theyratedtheirownpersonalitiestwice,atage11andage14,andtheirparentsalsoratedtheirpersonalitiesatthesetimes.Somedifferencesemerged:forinstance,whiletheteenagersratedthemselvesasdeclininginagreeability,theirparentssawthisdeclineasmuchsharper.Also,theteenssawthemselvesasincreasinglyextroverted(外向的),buttheirparentssawthemasincreasinglyintroverted. Thismismatchcanperhapsbeexplainedbythebigchangesunderwayintheparent-childrelationshipbroughtonbyteenagers'growingdesireforautonomyandprivacy.Theresearcherspointoutthatparentsandteensmightalsobeusingdifferentreferencepoints—parentsaremeasuringtheirteenagers'traitsagainstatypicaladult,whiletheteenagersarecomparingtheirowntraitsagainstthosedisplayedbytheirpeers. Thisisinlinewithseveralfurtherstudies,whichalsorevealapatternofatemporaryreductioninadvantageoustraitsinearlyadolescence.Thegeneralpictureoftheteenageyearsasatemporarypersonality“disruption”thereforeseemsaccurate.Infact,we'reonlyjustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexmixofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetoindividualpatternsofpersonalitychange. Studiesalsooffersomecluesforhowwemightcreatemorenurturingenvironmentsforteenagerstoaidtheirpersonalitydevelopment.Thisisanapproachworthpursuingfurthergiventhatteenagepersonalitytraitsarepredictiveofexperiencesinlaterlife.Forinstance,oneBritishstudyofover4,000teenagersshowedthatthosewhoscoreslowerinconscientiousnessweretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedlaterinlife,incomparisonwiththosewhoscoredhigher. Peoplefocussomuchonteachingteenagersfactsandgettingthemtopassexams,butperhapstheyoughttopayatleastasmuchattentiontohelpingnurturetheirpersonalities.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeanexampleof“disruptionhypothesis”?A.Acollegegraduatefeelsstressedoutbywork.B.Ateenagegirlfeelssadforunknownreason.C.Aboyinhighschoolcleanshisownroom.D.Akindergartenkidcriesoveratoy.32.AccordingtothestudyofGermanteenagers,_.A.parentsandteenscanlateragreeonteens'personalitydeclineB.teensaremoreoptimisticabouttheirpersonalitychangesC.teensandparentshavethesamepersonalityratingstandardD.parentsgivetheirteenstoomuchautonomyandprivacy33.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat_.A.teensshouldpaylessattentiontotheirscoresinexamsB.people'ssuccessinlaterlifedependsonteenagepersonalitytraitsC.developingteens'personalityhasalong-termeffectintheirlifeD.environmentalfactorsoutweighgeneticonesforpersonalitychange34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspresentteenagerpersonalityeducation?A.Cautious.B.Neutral.C.Approving.D.Dissatisfied.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Atonepointoranother,you'veprobablyheardsomeonespeakwithconfidenceonatopicthattheyactuallyknowalmostnothingabout.ThisphenomenonisknownastheDunning-Krugereffect,whichreferstothefindingthatpeoplewhoarerelativelyunskilledorunknowledgeableinaparticularsubjectsometimeshavethetendencytooverestimatetheirknowledgeandabilities.Inasetofstudies,researchersJustinKrugerandDavidDunningaskedparticipantstocompletetestsoftheirskillsinaparticulardomain.Then,participantswereaskedtoguesshowwelltheyhaddoneonthetest._35_Thiseffectwasmostpronouncedamongparticipantswiththelowestscoresonthetest. DavidDunningexplainsthat“theknowledgeandintelligencethatarerequiredtobegoodatataskareoftenthesamequalitiesneededtorecognizethatoneisnotgoodatthattask.”Inotherwords,ifsomeoneknowsverylittleaboutaparticulartopic,theymaynotevenknowenoughaboutthetopictorealizethattheirknowledgeislimited.Importantly,someonemaybehighlyskilledinonearea,butbeinfluencedbytheDunning-Krugereffectinanotherdomain.36_ Ifpeoplewhoknowverylittleaboutatopicthinkthey'reexperts,whatdoexpertsthinkofthemselves?Interestingly,DunningandKrugerfoundthatalthoughexpertstypicallyguessedtheirperformancewasaboveaverage,theydidn'trealizequitehowwelltheyhaddone.Theyoftenmakeadifferentmistake:_37_ Whatcanpeopledotoovercometheeffect?DunningandKrugeroncehadsomeoftheparticipantstakealogictestandthencompleteashorttrainingsessiononlogicalreasoning.Afterthetraining,theparticipantswereaskedtoassesshowthey'ddoneontheprevioustest.38_Afterward,theparticipantswhoscoredinthebottom25percentloweredtheirestimateofhowwelltheythoughttheyhaddoneontheinitialtest.Inotherwords,onewaytoovercometheeffectmaybetolearnmoreaboutatopic.TheDunnino-Krugereffectsuggeststhatwemaynotalwaysknowasmuchaswethinkwedo._39_However,bychallengingourselvestolearnmoreandbyreadingaboutopposingviews,wecanworktoovercometheeffect.A.Insomedomains,wemaynotknowenoughaboutatopictorealizethatweareunskilled.B.ThismeansthateveryonecanpotentiallybeaffectedbytheDunning-Krugereffect.C.Theyfoundthatparticipantstendedtooverestimatetheirabilities.DAllofthemhadamoreaccurateviewoftheirperformance.F.Thushappenswhenpeopledon'tknowmuchaboutatopic.FTheyassumethateveryoneelseisknowledgeable,too.G.Researchersfoundthatthetrainingmadeadifference.第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共32分)第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分)。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。 Yourquestforsuccessandhappinessbeginswithrightintentions.Itculminates(達(dá)到頂點(diǎn))whenyoureachyourchosengoals.Whatsustainsyoureffortinbetweenisyourdetermination.Whatcarriesyoutowardsyourgoalsisyourdetermination.Itmeansthefirmnessofpurposeorintention.Ifthereisonegiftthatyoucangivetoyourselfinyourlifetobewhatyouwanttobe,itisthepowerofdetermination.Withoutityouareamerepassivespectatorinthedramaofyourlife.Ifthereisonequalitythatmakesadifferencebetweenawinnerandaloseroraleaderandafollower,itisthepowerofdetermination.Withoutit,youmaydreamwilddreams,butyouwillnotaccomplishmuchinlife.Ifyouhavedetermination,nothingcanstopyouanddeteryoufromfollowingyourcourseofactiontoachieveyourgoalsorrealizeyourdreams. Obstaclesmayariseandobstructyourprogress.Theymaydelayyoursuccess,disturbyoutemporarily,andmayevenmisleadyou,buttheycannotwithstandthepowerofdetermination.Itisthepowerthatyougeneratewithinyourselftoremaincommittedtoyourpathandconviction,andmarchtowardsyourcherishedgoals.Beforeyoutakeupanyprojectorgoal,youshouldknowwhetheryouhavethedeterminationtosticktoyourplansandreachyourgoals.Yourdeterminationhastoarisefromwithinandderiveitsreinforcementfromyourthinkingandbeliefsratherthancircumstances.Onlythenwillyoubeabletosustai